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Systematyka metod oceny jakości działalności marketingowej organizacji

100%
Szyran-Resiak A.
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne
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2015
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vol. 2(22)
35-48
EN
This study presents detailed systematics of quality assessment methods for marketing organizations diving it into three groups: qualitative, quantitative and qualitative-quantitative (mixed) methods. The first group includes methods such as: marketing audit, marketing excellence evaluation and review oftheethical and social responsibility of the organization. The second group is: sales analysis, market share analysis, impact analysis with marketing expenditures on sales area, financial analysis, profitability and efficiency control, marketing effectiveness ranking and observation on customer satisfaction. The last group includes methods: balanced scorecard and marketing benchmark. Approach towards assessing the quality of organization's marketing activities requires using one particular method. Due to big number of existing methods for assessing the quality of marketing activities, a question arises: which one will allow us fully assess the activity.
2
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Materiały Kolbergowskie a metodologia badań folklorystycznych

86%
Grochowski P., Wróblewska V.
Lud
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2014
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vol. 98
41-62
EN
This article is an attempt to take a critical look on Oskar Kolberg’s works in the context of modern methodological standards, which are accepted in the folklore research. The analysis of specific qualities of Kolberg’s material, (e.g. the way of obtaining ethnographical data, organizing them and preparing for print) leads to a few conclusions. An ambitious and innovating project (an attempt to show the connections between folk texts and folk culture in general) was partly realized, because in Kolberg’s works there is a characteristic dissonance. Some texts are placed in the group with descriptions of habits, beliefs and rituals, some in the separate sections associated with literature (e.g. “Folk novels”, “Songs”, “Proverbs”). And the third group consists of dances. The entire material is divided in two basic sections. The first one includes texts, which are recognized as closely connected with cultural context and this connection is emphasized. The second section includes texts, which are treated as autonomous and their links with other elements of folk culture are omitted and marginalized. It appears that Kolberg, despite his very modern, holistic approach to culture research, stayed in the strong influence of philological and musicological paradigms. They were not harmoniously combined, but competed which each other and gained “local victories” in particular areas of research.
3

Nagłówki w tekście aktu normatywnego

72%
Malinowski A.
Studia Iuridica
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2016
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vol. 66
193-205
PL
Set of regulations extracted in the systematics of normative act shall be accompanied by headings. Headings of systematics unit includes the name of the individual, the ordinal number and the signal inscription, which contains the characteristics of team rules. Name of entity together with its ordinal number identifies the unit and show relationships, in which remains the unit to other systematics units in this normative act. The signal inscription is an expression of metalinguistic and identifies a set of rules included in the systematics unit, based on semantic criteria. The essay proposes a typology of methods for creating signals inscriptions. The signal inscriptions occurring in the Polish legal language allowed the determination of terminology (nomenclature) signal inscriptions and to discuss the terms of ownership, including ownership of logic and language (grammar). Shows the diversity and originality of the vocabulary used in the signal inscriptions compared to the vocabulary of the entire legal language and general language.
4
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Aviation terrorism. The essence of the phenomenon, systematics, typology

72%
Glen A.
Security and Defence Quarterly
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2014
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vol. 2
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issue 1
59-75
EN
The article sets out the characteristics of the reason and source of contemporary terrorism as well as an explanation of the general concept of terrorism, including aviation terrorism. Moreover, aviation terrorism is systematised on the ground of the subject of attack. Finally, the article presents a typology of aviation terrorism taking into account the following criteria: manner, form, and means, alongside the anticipated effects of aviation terrorism.
5
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How many kingdoms of life? Eukaryotic phylogeny and philosophy of systematics

72%
Lamza L.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2019
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issue 66
203-227
EN
According to contemporary understanding of the universal tree of life, the traditionally recognized kingdoms of eukaryotic organisms-Protista, Fungi, Animalia and Plantae-are irregularly interspersed in a vast phylogenetic tree. There are numerous groups that in any Linnaean classification advised by phylogenetic relationships (i.e. a Hennigian system) would form sister groups to those kingdoms, therefore requiring us to admit them the same rank. In practice, this would lead to the creation of ca. 25-30 new kingdoms that would now be listed among animals and plants as “major types of life”. This poses problems of an aesthetic and educational nature. There are, broadly speaking, two ways to deal with that issue: a) ignore the aesthetic and educational arguments and propose classification systems that are fully consistent with the Hennigian principles of phylogenetic classification, i.e. are only composed of monophyletic taxa; b) ignore Hennigian principles and bunch small, relatively uncharacteristic groups into paraphyletic taxa, creating systems that are more convenient. In the paper, I present the debate and analyze the pros and cons of both options, briefly commenting on the deeper, third resolution, which would be to abandon classification systems entirely. Recent advances in eukaryotic classification and phylogeny are commented in the light of the philosophical question of the purpose and design principles of biological classification systems.
6

Prawo spadkowe w systematyce „Instytucji” Gaiusa

72%
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
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2018
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vol. 27
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issue 2
125-
7
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Jazyková metoda jako východisko při interpretaci norem trestního práva

72%
Kotlán P.
Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)
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2023
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vol. 162
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issue 7
628-643
EN
The article deals with linguistic interpretation in the interpretation of criminal law norms. Linguistic interpretation is understood in a broader sense, i.e. as a method of interpretation that uses not only purely linguistic means, but also knowledge of logic and the organization of legal norms (systematics stricto sensu). The text presents the individual components that serve to determine the correct linguistic meaning, logical structure or classification in the external system of law. The primary role of linguistic interpretation is to determine the unambiguous meaning of the term used, in particular by selecting a legal definition in a criminal law provision, or a definition from a non-criminal law provision, or a definition modified by a criminal law provision. The possibility of determining the meaning of a term by narrowing the scope of the term in common language through constant (criminal) case law is controversial. In cases where a term is not clearly defined by the linguistic method, and its scope remains disputed, or the value on which the (criminal) law is based would be undermined, the decision on the correctness of the interpretation is left to other methods of interpretation. Even then, however, the role of linguistic interpretation as a framework for interpretation remains indispensable. This is particularly important in criminal law, where the shaping of the content of the norms of this branch of law, in the form of teleological reduction or analogy (in malam partem), is significantly limited or completely excluded.
CS
Předkládaný článek se zabývá jazykovým výkladem při interpretaci norem trestního práva. Jazykový výklad je nahlížen v širším slova smyslu, tedy jako způsob interpretace, který využívá nejen prostředků čistě jazykových, ale i znalosti logiky a uspořádání norem práva (systematiky stricto sensu). V textu jsou prezentovány jednotlivé komponenty, které slouží ke správnému určení jazykového významu, logické struktury nebo zařazení ve vnějším systému práva. Primární role jazykového výkladu spočívá ve stanovení jednoznačného významu použitého výrazu, zejména výběrem legální definice v trestněprávním předpisu nebo definice z netrestního právního předpisu, případně definice trestněprávním předpisem modifikované. Polemicky je vyjádřena možnost stanovit význam výrazu zúžením rozsahu pojmu v obecném jazyce prostřednictvím konstantní (trestněprávní) judikatury. V případech, kdy není jazykovou metodou pojem jednoznačně definován a jeho rozsah zůstává sporný, nebo by výkladem byla narušena hodnota, na níž (trestní) právo spočívá, ponechává se rozhodnutí o správnosti interpretace na jiných výkladových metodách. I tehdy však zůstává nezastupitelná role jazykového výkladu jako rámce interpretace. To je zvlášť významné v trestním právu, kde dotváření obsahu norem tohoto odvětví práva, formou teleologické redukce nebo analogií (in malam partem), je výrazně omezeno, respektive zcela vyloučeno.
8
Publication available in full text mode
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Nagłówki w tekście aktu normatywnego

72%
Malinowski A.
Studia Iuridica
|
2016
|
vol. 66
193-205
PL
Set of regulations extracted in the systematics of normative act shall be accompanied by headings. Headings of systematics unit includes the name of the individual, the ordinal number and the signal inscription, which contains the characteristics of team rules. Name of entity together with its ordinal number identifies the unit and show relationships, in which remains the unit to other systematics units in this normative act. The signal inscription is an expression of metalinguistic and identifies a set of rules included in the systematics unit, based on semantic criteria. The essay proposes a typology of methods for creating signals inscriptions. The signal inscriptions occurring in the Polish legal language allowed the determination of terminology (nomenclature) signal inscriptions and to discuss the terms of ownership, including ownership of logic and language (grammar). Shows the diversity and originality of the vocabulary used in the signal inscriptions compared to the vocabulary of the entire legal language and general language.
9
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Wystawa „Rośliny i zwierzęta. Atlasy historii naturalnej w epoce Linneusza”, zorganizowana w Muzeum Pałacu Króla Jana III w Wilanowie, 6 maja - 15 sierpnia 2021 roku

58%
Gołąbek M.
Studia Wilanowskie
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2021
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vol. XXVIII
369-387
XX
The announcement discusses the temporary exhibition titled 'Plants and animals. Atlases of natural history in the age of Linnaeus' which was organised at Museum of King Jan III's Palace at Wilanów between 6 May and 15 August 2021. The exhibition was the second edition of the exhibition originally organised by the International Cultural Centre in Cracow, the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Polish Academy of Learning in Cracow, together with the Library of the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The author of the text discusses the tenets of the authors of the scenario, the division of the narrative and the arrangement of the items in the new space, i.e. the interiors at the first floor of the Wilanów Palace, a former entre cour et jardin residence.
10
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Ubezpieczenia turystyczne w systemie ubezpieczeń gospodarczych

58%
Gasińska M.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula
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2013
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issue 32/2013 Ekonomia III
48-67
PL
Celem rozważań jest ukazanie miejsca i roli ubezpieczeń turystycznych w systemie ubezpieczeń gospodarczych. Wprawdzie w nauce o ubezpieczeniach nie znajdujemy definicji ubezpieczeń turystycznych, jednak najogólniej można stwierdzić, iż są to ubezpieczenia służące zaspokojeniu potrzeb finansowych (gospodarstw domowych i przedsiębiorstw), które powstają w związku z realizacją ryzyka specyficznego dla podmiotu podejmującego aktywność w zakresie szeroko pojętej turystyki i rekreacji. W artykule podjęto próbę uporządkowania i scharakteryzowania tych ubezpieczeń na tle podstawowych pojęć i kategorii oraz w świetle klasycznego ujęcia systematyki ubezpieczeń, prezentowanego w literaturze ubezpieczeniowej, z wykorzystaniem kilku najważniejszych kryteriów klasyfikacyjnych, tj. kryterium: - podmiotowego, - przedmiotowego, - związanego z konstrukcją programu ubezpieczenia, - związanego z przestrzennym charakterem ryzyka, - związanego z przymusem ubezpieczeniowym lub swobodą zawierania umowy, - regulacji prawnej, - branży. Wyjaśnienie istoty ubezpieczeń turystycznych i ich funkcji w kontekście specyfiki ryzyka służy celom praktycznym – porządkując rynek ubezpieczeniowy oraz wspierając proces zarządzania ryzykiem i w jego ramach projektowanie programów ochrony ubezpieczeniowej dla zainteresowanych podmiotów. Wśród społecznych implikacji opracowania można wymienić wpływ objaśniających, porządkujących i systematyzujących ujęć na wzrost świadomości ryzyka i świadomości ubezpieczeniowej zwykle skutkujący większą przezornością ubezpieczeniową. Artykuł metodologiczny.
EN
An aim of the author’s deliberations is to present the place and role of tourist insurance in the system of business insurance. To be sure, in the science of insurance, we do not find a definition of tourist insurance, though most generally we can state that it is insurance serving meeting financial needs (by households and enterprises) which occur with regard to managing the risk specific to the entity undertaking its activity in the area of tourist and recreation in a broad sense. In her article, the author undertook an attempt to arrange and describe that insurance against the background of basic notions and categories as well as in the light of the classical approach to the insurance systematics presented in the insurance literature, with the use of several basic classification criteria as follows: - subjective, - objective, - connected with construction of the insurance programme, - connected with the spatial nature of risk, - connected with the insurance coercion or the freedom to conclude a contract, - legal regulation, - branch. Explanation of the essence of tourist insurance and its functions in the context of risk specificity services practical objectives, arranging the insurance market and supporting the process of risk management, and, within its framework, designing programmes of insurance protection for the oncerned entities. Among the social implications of the study, there can be mentioned impact of the explaining, arranging, and systematising approaches on growth of awareness of the risk and insurance awareness, usually resulting in a greater insurance prudence. Methodological article.
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