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EN
The author presents a typical project for elementary (parish) schools. This is probably the first Polish model of its sort which was applied at least up to 1820 and which served the construction of numerous school buildings.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest udziałowi księży rzymskokatolickich oraz służby kościelnej w prowadzeniu nauczania w szkołach ludowych Galicji. Zakres chronologiczny wyznaczają dwie daty (1774 r. i 1873 r.), związane z ogłoszeniem przez władze państwowe Austrii ustaw szkolnych. Bazę źródłową stanowią źródła archiwalne i drukowane oraz literatura naukowa. W artykule dowodzę, że duchowieństwo, szczególnie parafialne, bardzo aktywnie włączyło się do działań organizacyjnych na rzecz tworzenia w parafiach szkół ludowych (elementarnych). Otwierano wówczas trzy typy szkół: parafialne, trywialne i gminne. Księża, a także pracownicy kościelni (zwłaszcza organiści) mieli ponadto bardzo duży udział w realizacji procesu dydaktycznego w szkołach parafialnych oraz trywialnych. Natomiast w znacznie mniejszym stopniu angażowani byli do prowadzenia nauczania w szkołach gminnych. Artykuł powinien przyczynić się do lepszego poznania dziejów oświaty w Galicji, zwłaszcza w kontekście działalności kadry nauczycielskiej szkół ludowych.
EN
The paper is devoted to the participation of Roman-catholic priests and church servants in teaching in village schools of Galicia. The chronological frames are 1774 and 1873 when state authorities enforced school laws. Archival and printed sources as well as academic literature are the basis of research. In the paper I advance the point that clergy (especially parish clergy) was very eagerly joining the efforts to organize village (primary) schools at parishes. Three types of schools were opened: parish schools, trivial schools and municipality schools. Priests and church employees (in particular organ players) contributed massively to the teaching endeavors in parish and trivial schools. However, they worked in municipality schools much more rarely. The paper should contribute to a better understanding of history of education in Galicia, especially in the context of teaching staff’s activity in village schools.
EN
In 1863 Bishop Curia in Tarnow published a document (instruction) addressed to teachers of parish and trivial schools in the area of the Tarnow diocese working in villages and towns. A few issues were discussed in it, namely general rules of teacher’s conduct; teacher’s domestic and family life; teacher’s work at schools in church and sacristy and functioning in local environment. This instruction allows to accurately recall everyday life and school responsibilities of teachers working in these social environments.
PL
W 1863 r. Kuria Biskupia w Tarnowie opublikowała dokument (instrukcję) adresowany do nauczycieli szkół parafialnych i trywialnych z terenu diecezji tarnowskiej pracujących na wsiach oraz w miasteczkach. Poruszono w nim kilka kwestii, a mianowicie: ogólne zasady zachowywania się nauczyciela; domowe i rodzinne życie nauczyciela; urzędowanie nauczyciela w szkole, kościele i zakrystii oraz funkcjonowanie w lokalnym środowisku. Instrukcja pozwala dokładnie odtworzyć życie codzienne oraz obowiązki szkolne nauczycieli pracujących w tych środowiskach społecznych.
PL
W artykule autor przedstawia dążenia prawosławnego metropolity kijowskiego Platona Horodeckiego mające na celu odnowienie szkolnictwa parafialnego w diecezji kijowskiej. Znaczenie wysiłków tego dostojnika Kościoła prawosławnego dla kształtu współczesnej edukacji publicznej na Ukrainie jest obecnie nieco zapomniane i nie jest częstym przedmiotem badań. Na postawie przeprowadzonych analiz autor dochodzi do przekonania, że Platon Horodecki, reformując szkolnictwo parafialne w diecezji kijowskiej, dążył przede wszystkim do odnowienia w powierzonej sobie społeczności świadomości przynależności do jednej wspólnoty Kościoła prawosławnego. Autor zauważa ponadto, że podjęte przez dostojnika działania przyczyniły się do umocnienia prawosławia na Ukrainie.
EN
This article studies ways of reforming parochial schools by Kiev Metropolitan Platon (Gorodetsky). Actuality of the theme is caused by the lack of research, where this aspect is studied. Moreover, many scientists are ambivalent about the revival of parochial schools after the appearance of "Rules" in 1884. The author tries to review this educational institution through the prism of Metropolitan Platon Gorodetsky. Despite the fact that Metropolitan was a zealous proponent of the “Rules”, his role in public education of modern Ukraine is undeservedly forgotten. Numerous facts suggest that Metropolitan Platon made a valuable contribution to state and church relations. He solved the problem of structural, administrative, financial, human, and religious nature in regard to parochial schools. The Archbishop cared about the education of society in the spirit of orthodox morality. Platon also raised the level of schooling. Due to his help the parochial schools have become more accessible to the masses. However, Platon regarded such primary education as an efficient method to fight against the religious, political and social problems in society. Such religious and educational activity of Metropolitan raised the amount of Kiev Diocese.
DE
Der Verfasser versucht die Bildungseinrichtung der Parochialschulen durch das Auge des Kiewer Metropolit Platon Horodecki neu zu sehen, da er der eifrige Urheber dieses „Reglementes“ war. Seine Rolle in der Sache der Volksbildung auf dem Territorium der heutigen Ukraine ist zur Zeit unverdientermaßen vergessen oder nicht genug von den kirchlichen und säkularen Historikern erforscht worden. Zahlreiche Gegebenheiten geben uns Grund zu glauben, dass sich der Metropolit Platon um die Bildung der Gesellschaft im Sinne der orthodoxen Moral bemühte und damit das Niveau des Unterrichtes in den Schulen erhöht hat. Solche religiösen und pädagogischen Aktivitäten des Kiewer Metropoliten stärkten seine Diözese in der Kirche und auf historische Ebene.
EN
The author shows the influence of the Catholic Church on the history and development of Silesia. On a positive apology, the author presents how the Church contributed to the historical development of this south-western region of Poland. He describes the role of the Church in the initial formation of the Piast principalities, which laid the foundation for their further development. He indicates the role of the medieval religious orders – especially the Cistercians – in the economic development of Silesia. The first schools and asylums (hospitals) in Silesia appeared also thanks to the Church. Christian Caritas stimulated acts of mercy both on behalf of the most important people in the world as well as those whose social role was less significant. The Catholic Church in Silesia contributed to the creation of a multinational society by bringing together individuals and a community, in which the status of a person was not thanks to the noble birth or money, but thanks to the same dignity of being a child of God. Over the centuries, the Church has prevented the confrontation caused by the national divides or by all kinds of awakenings of nationalisms or totalitarianisms. The Church actively defended the victims and called for respect for every human being. The author also points to the culture-building role of the Church, especially through the works that the Church has left as the treasures of the past. Of course, it should not be forgotten that people of the Church were also children of their era. The article is a voice in the debate over the role of the Church in contemporary world. It is a message about the truth of the Catholic Church, with its positive contribution to many domains of the world: at the economic, political and cultural level. It must be remembered that the main objective of the Church is to proclaim the proximity of the Kingdom of God, which began on earth with the mission of Jesus Christ. The Church proclaims Christ through man. Paradoxically, all the charity, economic and cultural activity of the Church – as discussed in this article – is not the main objective of the Church. These activities are a means of achieving the objective. This is the way in which the Church transforms the world, in accordance to the will of God the Creator, who ordered people to fill the earth and subdue it. In this manner, the Church participates in the divine plan of salvation.
EN
The author shows the influence of the Catholic Church on the history and development of Silesia. On a positive apology, the author presents how the Church contributed to the historical development of this south-western region of Poland. He describes the role of the Church in the initial formation of the Piast principalities, which laid the foundation for their further development. He indicates the role of the medieval religious orders – especially the Cistercians – in the economic development of Silesia. The first schools and asylums (hospitals) in Silesia appeared also thanks to the Church. Christian Caritas stimulated acts of mercy both on behalf of the most important people in the world as well as those whose social role was less significant. The Catholic Church in Silesia contributed to the creation of a multinational society by bringing together individuals and a community, in which the status of a person was not thanks to the noble birth or money, but thanks to the same dignity of being a child of God. Over the centuries, the Church has prevented the confrontation caused by the national divides or by all kinds of awakenings of nationalisms or totalitarianisms. The Church actively defended the victims and called for respect for every human being. The author also points to the culture-building role of the Church, especially through the works that the Church has left as the treasures of the past. Of course, it should not be forgotten that people of the Church were also children of their era. The article is a voice in the debate over the role of the Church in contemporary world. It is a message about the truth of the Catholic Church, with its positive contribution to many domains of the world: at the economic, political and cultural level. It must be remembered that the main objective of the Church is to proclaim the proximity of the Kingdom of God, which began on earth with the mission of Jesus Christ. The Church proclaims Christ through man. Paradoxically, all the charity, economic and cultural activity of the Church – as discussed in this article – is not the main objective of the Church. These activities are a means of achieving the objective. This is the way in which the Church transforms the world, in accordance to the will of God the Creator, who ordered people to fill the earth and subdue it. In this manner, the Church participates in the divine plan of salvation.
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