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Cmentarz Powązkowski w Warszawie

100%

Fijałkowski W.

Ochrona Zabytków

2000

issue 3

223-233

The Warsaw cemetery of Powązki is one of the oldest and largest national necropolises in Poland. Founded “outside” eighteenth-century Warsaw on land offered to the capital by starosta Melchior Szymanowski, it was created thanks to the financial support of King Stanisław August, his brother Primate Michał Poniatowski, the Grand Crown Chancellor Bishop Antoni Okęcki and many other prominent persons. The outlay of the cemetery together with a project of the church and catacombs for high ranking persons was designed by the royal architect Domenico Merlini. The originally small terrain of the necropolis, which at the end of the eighteenth century totalled merely 2,5 hectares, grew almost twenty fold, and in the first half of the nineteenth century reached the size of 43 hectares. The successive expansion of the cemetery was accompanied by an enlargement of the cemetery church and the catacombs. The Powązki necropolis, devised as a great pantheon and the burial site of hundreds of men rendered immemorial in the history of Poland, her culture, art, science, education and economy, became also the site of a special display of numerous magnificent monuments of sepulchral art. It contains many works representing all artistic styles and trends dominating during the last two hundred years in architecture, sculpture and the decorative arts. The authors of these works include celebrated Polish architects and sculptors as well as masters of metal and artistic masonry. During the last world war and occupation, and especially the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, the cemetery and its monuments became seriously devastated. In the wake of postwar reconstruction, the salvage and conservation of the most valuable tombs and gravestones became the domain of work pursued by the Social Committee of Care for Old Powązki, established by Jerzy Waldorff. Thanks to the efforts of the Committee and its creator, it was possible to save from oblivion more than a thousand objects (1974-1999).

Powtórka z konserwacji : problem trwałości zabiegów a profilaktyka

86%

Procyk W.

Ochrona Zabytków

2000

issue 3

234-251

A programme of student conservation training courses for students was set into motion as part of long-term cooperation between the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw and the Social Committee of Care for Old Powązki. In the May-July summer seasons in 1996-1999 students of the Chair of Conservation and Restoration of Stone Sculpture and Architectural Elements, together with assistant professors, conducted work encompassed in a programme of a secondary conservation of gravestones, conserved in a complex manner more than ten years ago. It was discovered that with a relatively low output of labour and financial funds the aesthetic values of the gravestones can be restored rather quickly. A further observation concerned the disappearance of the effects of water repellents, which apparently affected only the surface. In the case of porous stones, some 1,5 cm. from the “epidermis”, the effectiveness of the earlier applied preparations remained unchanged or was altered to an only slight degree. Studies on protective coatings in reference to concrete examples, supported by an analysis of archival material, made it possible to examine problems connected with the degradation of the preparations applied in the course of the original treatments. Furthermore, they also rendered it feasible to define the effects of the erosion of the protected matter in an imposed course (subjected to the erosion of chemical preparations).

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Fijałkowski W.

1 Procyk W.

2 2000

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Cmentarz Powązkowski w Warszawie

Powtórka z konserwacji : problem trwałości zabiegów a profilaktyka