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PL
Opodatkowanie wygranych w grach hazardowych podatkiem dochodowym jest jedną z najczęściej stosowanych form czerpania przez związki publicznoprawne dochodów z hazardu, przy czym rozwiązania stosowane w tym zakresie są bardzo zróżnicowane. W Polsce opodatkowanie wygranych uzależnione jest przede wszystkim od tego, w jakim państwie organizowane są gry, tj. czy są to gry urządzane i prowadzone w państwie członkowskim Unii Europejskiej lub państwie należącym do Europejskiego Obszaru Gospodarczego, czy w innym państwie. Drugim kryterium przesądzającym o wielkości obciążenia podatkowego w przypadku wygranej jest rodzaj gry, w której ją uzyskano. Pomimo to, że coraz więcej osób czerpie z hazardu, głównie pokera i zakładów sportowych, stałe dochody, przepisy prawa podatkowego nie różnicują natomiast sytuacji prawnopodatkowej profesjonalnych graczy i osób grających incydentalnie.
EN
Charging income tax on winnings from gambling games is one of the most frequently used forms of deriving income from gambling by the state and local government units, with very diverse solutions applied in this respect. In Poland, the taxation of winnings mostly depends on the country in which games are organised – i.e. whether it is a European Union Member State, a State of the European Economic Area or a different State. The other criterion behind the amount of the tax burden is a type of game in which the winnings were obtained. Although more and more people make a stable profit from online gambling, mainly poker and sport wagering, tax law regulations do not differentiate, however, between the tax situation of professional and occasional players.
EN
This paper aims to assess the impact of the effective and nominal household tax burden on household deposits in Ukrainian banks. We used the effective tax burden, which includes personal income taxes and value-added tax (VAT) paid. We considered changes in Ukrainian tax law from 2003 to 2016, which included a change from progressive income taxation to proportional income taxation, a decrease in tax rates in 2003, and an increase in tax rates in 2014–2016. The data sample consists of publicly available data on Ukrainian households’ income, savings, and taxes paid in 1996–2019. The analysis was performed using panel regression and the difference-in-difference (DID) method. The tax burden impact on bank deposits is significant and is caused partly by the shadow economy. The results of the study are relevant for Ukraine and countries with similar economies. The methodological approaches developed in the paper can be used for similar studies in other developing countries.
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