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Fibring Epistemic and Temporal Logics

100%
Krawczyk K. A.
Logic and Logical Philosophy
|
2019
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vol. 28
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issue 1
195-199
EN
Book Reviews: Dariusz Surowik, Logika, wiedza i czas. Problemy i metody temporalno-logicznej reprezentacji wiedzy (Logic, Knowledge and Time. Problems and Methods of Temporal-Logical Representation of Knowledge), Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, Białystok 2013, 357 pages, ISBN 978-83-7431-375-9.
2

Reflections on temporal and modal logic

100%
Epstein R. L.
Logic and Logical Philosophy
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2015
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vol. 24
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issue 1
111–139
EN
The most popular method of incorporating time into a formal logic is based on the work of Arthur Prior. It treats tenses as operators on sentences. In this essay I show a serious problem with that approach, a confusion of scheme versus proposition, which makes any system built in that way incoherent. I will compare how other formal logics deal with the scheme versus proposition distinction and find that only for formal modal logics does the same problem arise. I then compare Prior’s approach to other ways of taking time into account in formal logics.
3

Logic of Algorithmic Knowledge

80%
Surowik D.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric
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2015
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vol. 42
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issue 1
163-172
EN
In this paper we consider the construction of a LAK system of temporal-epistemic logic which is used to formally describe algorithmic knowledge. We propose an axiom system of LAK and discuss the basic properties of this logic.
4

Indeterministic Temporal Logic

80%
Trzęsicki K.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric
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2015
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vol. 42
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issue 1
139-162
EN
The questions od determinism, causality, and freedom have been the main philosophical problems debated since the beginning of temporal logic. The issue of the logical value of sentences about the future was stated by Aristotle in the famous tomorrow sea-battle passage. The question has inspired Łukasiewicz’s idea of many-valued logics and was a motive of A. N. Prior’s considerations about the logic of tenses. In the scheme of temporal logic there are different solutions to the problem. In the paper we consider indeterministic temporal logic based on the idea of temporal worlds and the relation of accessibility between them.
5
Content available remote

Prospects of using temporal logics for knowledge management

80%
Mach-Król M.
Informatyka Ekonomiczna
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2012
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issue 4(26)
81-88
EN
The paper concerns the possibility of using temporal logics for knowledge management. The idea of knowledge management is presented, along with the most typical computer solutions for this area. The temporal aspect of knowledge management is pointed out. Bearing in mind this temporal aspect, the paper presents the possible advantages of extending knowledge representation for knowledge management with temporal formalisms.
6

A spurious confusion in temporal logic

80%
Tkaczyk M.
Logic and Logical Philosophy
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2015
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vol. 24
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issue 2
201–216
EN
R.L. Epstein and E. Buitrago-Díaz aspire to present a vitally new approach to temporal logic, an approach based on the idea of absolute truth-values. They claim the existing approaches are confused and incoherent, and contain a significant number of nonsenses. The alleged problems are generated by truth-values being relativized to positions in time. The fundamental incoherence consists in some confusion between propositions and their schemata. Epstein and Buitrago-Díaz have formulas be simply true or false and describe fixed areas of time. I endeavour to show that all objections Epstein and Buitrago-Díaz raise to existing temporal logic are misunderstandings. The calculus they present is easily reconstructable in existing calculi, so there is no new approach here. However, the calculus is correct and may be of some interest in logic.
7
Content available remote

Jerzy Łoś Positional Calculus and the Origin of Temporal Logic

80%
Tkaczyk M., Jarmużek T.
Logic and Logical Philosophy
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2019
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vol. 28
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issue 2
259-276
EN
Most accounts, including leading textbooks, credit Arthur Norman Prior with the invention of temporal (tense logic). However, (i) Jerzy Łoś delivered his version of temporal logic in 1947, several years before Prior; (ii) Henrk Hiż’s review of Łoś’s system in Journal of Symbolic Logic was published as early as 1951; (iii) there is evidence to the effect that, when constructing his tense calculi, Prior was aware of Łoś’s system. Therefore, although Prior is certainly a key figure in the history tense logic, as well as modal logic in general, it should be accepted both in the literature that temporal logic was invented by Jerzy Łoś.
8

A propositional logic of temporal connectives

70%
Epstein R. L., Buitrago-Díaz E.
Logic and Logical Philosophy
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2015
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vol. 24
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issue 2
155–200
EN
We investigate how to formalize reasoning that takes account of time by using connectives like “before” and “after.” We develop semantics for a formal logic, which we axiomatize. In proving that the axiomatization is strongly complete we show how a temporal ordering of propositions can yield a linear timeline. We formalize examples of ordinary language sentences to illustrate the scope and limitations of this method. We then discuss ways to deal with some of those limitations.
9
Content available remote

Between Ockhamism and the Thin Red Line

70%
Malpass, A. P.
Diametros
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2016
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issue 48
55-70
EN
In this paper we will put forward a novel semantics for future contingents. The idea behind the semantics is to be a compromise position between the ‘Ockhamist’ semantics, first put forward by Prior [1966], Thomason [1970] etc., and a version of the Thin Red Line (TRL) semantics recently proposed by Malpass and Wawer [2012]. The new position is able to represent alternative possibilities in two different ways, as actual or counterfactual, which corresponds to a similar distinction in two-dimensional semantics between the primary and secondary intension. We prove a theorem about the notion of validity that results from the new definition, which in the context of the literature about TRL-theories and Ockhamism has some significance.
10
Publication available in full text mode
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Stosowalność języka niektórych systemów logiki temporalnej w naukach przyrodniczych

61%
Kozanecka-Dymek A.
Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne
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2011
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issue 14
43 – 56
EN
The paper discusses one of the positions with regard to tasks which can be posed to temporal logic in connection with formalization of the tense expressions and with codification of inferences respecting these expressions. This position says that some temporal systems, especially their language, can be applied in physics, natural cosmology and philosophy of time. These systems would have to satisfy several conditions. First of all they should formalize some tense expressions appearing in the imaginational language of physics and give them appropriate inferencional apparatus. Temporal systems which could serve physics should be also recognitional valuable systems: their theorems should adequate express properties of time and temporal relations, i.e., they should be true sentences in physical model of time. Language of well constructed and appropriately used temporal systems should serve to qualify and to better communicate results of recognition connected with time occurring in the natural sciences (mainly physics).
11
Content available remote

Stosowalność języka niektórych systemów logiki temporalnej w naukach przyrodniczych

61%
Kozanecka-Dymek A.
Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne
|
2011
|
issue 14
43–56
EN
The paper discusses one of the positions with regard to tasks which can be posed to temporal logic in connection with formalization of the tense expressions and with codification of inferences respecting these expressions. This position says that some temporal systems, especially their language, can be applied in physics, natural cosmology and philosophy of time. These systems would have to satisfy several conditions. First of all they should formalize some tense expressions appearing in the imaginational language of physics and give them appropriate inferencional apparatus. Temporal systems which could serve physics should be also recognitional valuable systems: their theorems should adequate express properties of time and temporal relations, i.e., they should be true sentences in physical model of time. Language of well constructed and appropriately used temporal systems should serve to qualify and to better communicate results of recognition connected with time occurring in the natural sciences (mainly physics).
12
Content available remote

Temporal Alethic Dyadic Deontic Logic and the Contrary-to-Duty Obligation Paradox

51%
Rönnedal D.
Logic and Logical Philosophy
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2018
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vol. 27
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issue 1
3–52
EN
A contrary-to-duty obligation (sometimes called a reparational duty) is a conditional obligation where the condition is forbidden, e.g. “if you have hurt your friend, you should apologise”, “if he is guilty, he should confess”, and “if she will not keep her promise to you, she ought to call you”. It has proven very difficult to find plausible formalisations of such obligations in most deontic systems. In this paper, we will introduce and explore a set of temporal alethic dyadic deontic systems, i.e., systems that include temporal, alethic and dyadic deontic operators. We will then show how it is possible to use our formal apparatus to symbolise contrary-to-duty obligations and to solve the so-called contrary-to-duty (obligation) paradox, a problem well known in deontic logic. We will argue that this response to the puzzle has many attractive features. Semantic tableaux are used to characterise our systems proof theoretically and a kind of possible world semantics, inspired by the so-called T× W semantics, to characterise them semantically. Our models contain several different accessibility relations and a preference relation between possible worlds, which are used in the definitions of the truth conditions for the various operators. Soundness results are obtained for every tableau system and completeness results for a subclass of them.
13

Quantified temporal alethic-deontic logic

41%
Rönnedal D.
Logic and Logical Philosophy
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2015
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vol. 24
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issue 1
19–59
EN
The purpose of this paper is to describe a set of quantified temporal alethic-deontic systems, i.e., systems that combine temporal alethicdeontic logic with predicate logic. We consider three basic kinds of systems: constant, variable and constant and variable domain systems. These systems can be augmented by either necessary or contingent identity, and every system that includes identity can be combined with descriptors. All logics are described both semantically and proof theoretically. We use a kind of possible world semantics, inspired by the so-called T × W semantics, to characterize them semantically and semantic tableaux to characterize them proof theoretically. We also show that all systems are sound and complete with respect to their semantics.
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