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PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest określenie charakteru rozwoju teorii internacjonalizacji, czyli określenie tego, czy jest on ewolucyjny, czy rewolucyjny. Opisano podstawowe nurty badawcze, a w ich ramach – ważniejsze koncepcje dotyczące umiędzynarodowienia przedsiębiorstw. Celem pracy jest również ukazanie związków pomiędzy wybranymi konwencjami teorii internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw. W artykule wykazano, że rozwój teorii internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw ma charakter ewolucyjny z uwagi na komplementarność nurtów badawczych wyodrębnionych na przestrzeni ostatnich lat, w których wykorzystywane są elementy charakterystyczne dla wcześniejszych perspektyw badawczych.
EN
The main aim of the article is to determine the nature of development of internationalisation theory, answering the research issue posed in the work: Does the development of internationalisation theory have the nature of evolution or revolution? The work describes the main research streams, and within them, the more important concepts of internationalisation. The work also examines relations and dependencies between selected conventions of business internationalisation theory. The article indicates that the development of internationalisation theory assumes an evolutionary character due to the complementarity, in recent years, of research trends which have internalised the elements of previous research perspectives.
EN
The purpose of this article was to outline the area of research on de-internationalization in the context of Polish enterprises. In order to achieve it, an overview of previous studies was made and an attempt at interpreting the de-internationalization on the basis of the Uppsala model and network approach was presented. The article attempts to identify the most important factors for de-internationalization in the case of Polish companies. The study included the financial statements of companies listed on the main market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange belonging to electric machinery, chemical, pharmaceutical and plastics industries. In the present study, a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm has been applied. The results show that the key factors influencing the de-internationalization of Polish companies were return on sales in the previous year, growth rate of sales, size of the company and change of the operating costs indicator. The results seem to confirm the thesis that the main factor in export competitiveness of Polish enterprises is low production costs.
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