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EN
The article contains the justifie of claims that among the sociobiological interpretations of politics, we can distinguish three nodal methods of interpreting functions and corresponding methods of explaining behavior in the political sphere of social life. These are teleological, deterministic and dialectical interpretations. Teleological interpretations of functions are characteristic for the perception of evolution processes as universal laws imlementation of nature which indicates the principles of reproduction and survival. They are associated with the concept of political coexist seem as cooperation for optimization of adaptation conditions at the population level. In turn, deterministic interpretations of functions are characteristic for politics as the result of actions dependent on deterministic, special genes and phenotypic patterns. The most complex formulated explanations include dialectical interpretations of functions that allow conceptualization of the sphere of social behavior in the perspective of the relationship between determinants and actual effects that may take different nature. They can be eufunctional as well as dysfunctional nature depending on different analysis results.
PL
Artykuł uzasadnia twierdzenie, że wśród socjobiologicznych koncepcji polityki można wyodrębnić trzy węzłowe sposoby interpretacji funkcji i odpowiadające im sposoby wyjaśniania zachowań w politycznej sferze życia społecznego. Są to interpretacje teleologiczne, deterministyczne i dialektyczne. Teleologiczne interpretacje funkcji są charakterystyczne dla koncepcji postrzegających procesy ewolucji w perspektywie realizacji uniwersalnych praw przyrody, jakimi są zasady reprodukcji i przetrwania. Wiążą się one z konceptualizacją polityki jako sfery rywalizacji i współpracy, optymalizującej warunki przystosowania na poziomie populacyjnym. Z kolei deterministyczne interpretacje funkcji są charakterystyczne dla interpretacji polityki i polityczności jako rezultatu oddziaływania czynników deterministycznych, zwłaszcza genów i wzorców fenotypowych. Najbardziej złożone formy wyjaśniania zawierają dialektyczne interpretacje funkcji, które pozwalają konceptualizować sferę zachowań politycznych w złożonej perspektywie relacji między czynnikami determinującymi a faktycznymi skutkami mogącymi przyjmować zarówno eufunkcjonalny, jak i dysfunkcjonalny charakter w odniesieniu do różnych poziomów analizy polityki.
EN
In this article, a specific phenomenon of “family story” is being considered on the background of the achievements of modern cognitive anthropology (Dan Sperber, Alvin Ira Goldman), as well as political theory (or political theology) by Aryeh Botwinick, Kenneth Reinhard, and Slavoj Žižek. Referred theoretical considerations serve here as arguments in favour of the thesis that modernity victimizes family and its proper discourse, based on a widely understood concept of kinship, not so much because of the supposedly objective, sociological processes, but within the ideology of the period (authoritarian, totalitarian, or liberal-individualist). The thesis placed in the text about an oppressive relation of modernity and postmodernity toward “family story” was initially explicated on the basis of Franz Kafka's works in the interpretation of Michael Wood and, preeminently, in the context of Holocaust testimonies (Imre Kertész, Primo Levi, Calek Perechodnik), serving as a source of “dark light”, shining on the totalitarian elements of modernity.
Vox Patrum
|
2016
|
vol. 66
327-351
EN
De scientia politica was written in the form of a Platonist dialogue and constituted a political and philosophical theory of a state and its ruling king or emperor. The writing was created in the 6th century A.D., during the reign of Justinian I. The information about its existence had been known from a short note in Photios Library, long before its parts were found and published in 1827. The author – excellently educated and continuing the Platonist and Neo-Platonist tradition – preferred to remain anonymous, despite some at­tempts of identification. The work is highly intellectual, addressed to educated readers, capable of understanding sophisticated literary references and allusions. The author’s effort to give it a scholarly character is clearly visible. Book IV was devoted to military affairs, whereas Book V – to imperial power, where the author discussed the problem of its origin, limitations, principles of choosing a ruler and ruler’s obligations. While expressing the principles which a 6th century ruler (i.e. already a Christian ruler) should obey, the author makes references to the Greek and Roman writers – Homer, Plato and Neo-Platonists, Cicero, Seneca, Titus Liv­ius and others. The Persian model was not alien to him either and it is not always clear if he took from the pagan or the Christian heritage. Frequent references to the predecessors’ thought do not mean that the author of De Scientia politica uncritically took over all of their views. He rather selected from the antique heritage what he thought to be current and at the same time he tried to adjust his work to the reality of a 6th century world. The work, albeit pre­served only in fragments is, according to P. N. Bell: „the only surviving example of a Neo-Platonic political theory outside the Arab world”.
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