Search results

1

Muzyka kościelna w czasie Oświecenia

100%

Hinz E.

Studia Pelplińskie

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2013

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vol. 46

71-82

EN

The period of the Enlightenment within the context of the Polish cultural history commenced as late as in the 2nd half of the 18th century and corresponds with the time of the reign of king Stanislaus August Poniatowski (1764-1795). His patronage created favourable conditions for the development of literature and arts, including the music. There are three genres of music characteristic of this period: vocals (religious, secular, patriotic, festive and idyllic songs), vocal-instrumental pieces (operas, cantatas, oratories, church sonatas, solo sonatas with accompaniment) and instrumentals (symphonies, chamber music and piano concertos). When it comes to the style of the Polish Enlightenment music, it drew from the early Classicism and the native musical folklore. In those days there was a tendency to render the home art more ‘national’. The church music from the Polish Enlightenment period does not match in its artistic value that of Baroque. However, it has earned a prominent place in the history of the sacred music in Poland.

2

Duszpasterstwo wśród młodzieży w prowincjach Zakonu Braci Mniejszych w Polsce

100%

Kukiełka S. A.

Studia Pastoralne

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2018

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vol. 14

331-345

EN

In the five provinces of the Order of Friars Minor in Poland the Franciscan youth ministry is realized in different forms and according to various concepts arising from the historical conditions as well as from reading the signs of our times in the Church. Each of the provinces realizes its own project of pastoral activity among young people. This article presents short characteristics of the Franciscan youth groups gathering mainly young people attending high schools. After presentation of the groups, taking into account the selected conclusions and postulates that appear in the Order’s document of 2002 entitled “Directions of Ministry of Vocations. Come and See”, and referring to The Preparatory Document for the 15th Ordinary General Assembly of Synod of Bishops on “Youth, Faith and Vocational Discernment” the most important tasks and challenges these groups are facing have been described.

3

Segmenty społeczne hiszpańskiej restauracji

88%

Mleczak M.

Studia Historyczne

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2016

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vol. 59

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issue 4 (236)

390-409

EN

Social Segments of the Spanish Restoration (1874–1931) The article analyses two public institutions during the time of the Spanish Restoration (1874–1931): the Catholic Church and the army. This era has earned the appellation of ‘the black legend’, which was largely due to the actions of these two institutions. In reality, this period was actually very different from the caricatured vision of the common rule of the aristocracy, the military and church hierarchy. On the contrary, relations between these three groups were complex and often led to conflicts. Analysing these phenomena and the dynamics of social conflicts through the perspective of Marxist class analysis appears futile. Research using the concept of social segments, as developed by British sociologist Michael Mann, is much more promising, as is presented in the article.

4

Deficyty zaufania społecznego w przestrzeniach instytucji świeckich i kościelnych. Przyczynek z badań empirycznych

88%

Świątkiewicz W.

Studia Pastoralne

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2014

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vol. 10

267-279

EN

Trust, sociologically speaking, is a foundation of social order. Not only does it function to designate moral standards with reference to social relationships taking place between individuals, groupings and institutions, but it also organizes diversified constellations of interactions which relate particular actors to social groups or institutions. When defined as an ethical category originating from the shared, community-wide acceptance of values, trust is endowed with quantifiable consequences for the quality of social life. This article comprises a brief presentation and subsequent sociological interpretation aiming to deliver the results of the sociological survey research that are exclusively focused upon trust-related considerations observed with reference to selected institutions, as well as chosen representatives of ecclesiastical and secular spheres of social life. By way of conclusion, the paper postulates that social trust constitutes a moral dilemma which refers not only to the functioning of public authorities and the applied standards of governance. Likewise, it is also indicative of the Roman Catholic Church. Furthermore, it is argued that the significance of trust cannot be downplayed either by political or ecclesiastical authorities. Nevertheless, one is in a position to observe a significant difference between the two great social structures encompassing the Polish society. This discrepancy is discernible especially when the deficits of social trust are being measured. Poles, in the main, are willing to vest trust in the Church. Yet, at the same time, the respondents remain distanced with regard to public authorities, institutions, organizations, and individuals who fulfill the social role of leaders.

5

RODZICIELSTWO JAKO WSPÓLNE ZADANIE RODZINY I KOŚCIOŁA

88%

Skreczko A.

Studia Ełckie

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2017

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vol. 19

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issue numer specjalny

655 - 673

EN

Parenthood is given and assigned first to parents, but also to all communi-ties which are concerned with children’s upbringing. One needs to take into account the country, which acts through education, but also the media. One cannot forget the Church either. This paper shows the church’s support for the contemporary family in fulfilling parental duties. Church’s service in that re-spect is not limited to the activities of the clergy, but is a sum of numerous initiatives undertaken by the laity involved in the Family Ministry.

6

Społeczny wymiar wiary w liście apostolskim "Potra fidei" Benedykta XVI

88%

Misiurski K.

Studia Pelplińskie

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2013

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vol. 46

191-200

EN

The privacy and the public life co-exist one along the other. Faith is a treasure that should never be hidden. A believer must always share it and inspire others to follow God. These two aspects of faith are highlighted by Pope Benedict XVI in his apostolic letter Porta fidei where the Pontiff underlines the communal character of living the faith which can be grouped into three topics: the new evangelisation as the process of passing on the faith, the experience of the community of the faithful and the works of charity. In the document all these areas where the faithful are active in the social life are complimentary. Setting some firm boundaries between them is a matter of convention and in some cases proves to be an impossible task. On the one hand, one can realise that the aspect of spreading the Good News directs the efforts of the faithful towards those who are far from the Church. The bond created by the common belief unites the community while helping the needy has got a much wider influence. Moreover, the role one is to play within the Church determines to some extend the profile of the social engagement of a particular faithful. However, the maturity of one’s faith is about combining all three directions of the activity within the society which then enables the genuine coherence of one’s faith and the everyday life.

7

František X. Halas o vztahu T. G. Masaryka k římskokatolické církvi

88%

Trapl M.

Studia theologica

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2017

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vol. 4

31-39

EN

František X. Halas in his historical work was also concerned with the person of T. G. Masaryk, in particular in his most extensive publication The Phenomenon of the Vatican. It analyses the struggle over the sense of Czech history between Masaryk and Pekař and explores in general Masaryk‘s views on the religious question. The greatest attention is paid to Masaryk‘s views of the Roman Catholic Church, both before the World War as well in the foreign resistance even at the time of his time in office as President. His interpretation of Masaryk‘s views is objective and understandably critical in a number of cases. It describes very well the reasons behind Masaryk‘s particular positions.

8

La Dichiarazione «Dominus Iesus» a quindici anni dalla pubblicazione (2000-2015)

76%

Amato A.

Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne

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2015

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issue 29

7-15

PL

Artykuł pt. „Deklaracja «Dominus Iesus» po piętnastu latach od publikacji (2000-2015)" jest analizą recepcji z jaką się spotkał dokument Kongregacji Nauki Wiary w Kościele. Ponieważ de- klaracja wzbudziła wiele komentarzy i krytycznych obserwacji na forach teologicznych całego świata, artykuł nie tylko je sygnalizuje, lecz również stanowi usystematyzowaną odpowiedź na pojawiające się zastrzeżenia i uwagi. Artykuł porusza między innymi kwestie natury soteriologicz- nej, dotyczące zbawienia nie chrześcijan, zwraca uwagę na konieczność kontynuacji misji „ad gen- tes", zachęca do kontynuacji dialogu międzyreligijnego.

9

The Christian Understanding of Happiness

75%

Zwoliński A.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2016

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vol. 6

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issue 1

PL

The relationship with God allows man to find the sense of life. Christianity is a humanism – it positions man in the very centre of the world according him the highest place – of the being created after God’s image. The revelation of God’s Love endows man with a new way of enriching himself and others. Thus the desire for happiness gains a new perspective of the divine longing for good.Happiness which Christ promises exceeds the limits of our imagination. It is inconceivable and incomprehensible to those living on earth. Heaven is beyond every word, beyond our conception for it bears the meaning which man cannot fully understand. It is the most supreme happiness, absolutely perfect and complete which no one has ever known.A Christian has to achieve in his life something more than the worldly aims. Whoever limits their life to the earth, focuses only on enjoying and using this life to the full; squeezing from it the last drop heedless of the needs of others.

10

V duchu pokání a vděčnosti: 500. výročí začátku reformace jako pozvání k prohloubení vzájemného společenství

75%

Svatoň R.

Studia theologica

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2017

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vol. 4

103-125

EN

The present text puts itself into the context of the 500 anniversary of the Reformation in 2017. The author provides an overview of the most important acts and documents connected with the preparation of the event. He initially attempts to sketch out a typology of various kinds of approaches which emerge when speaking of the issue. In connection with the political-cultural and confessional way of interpretation, he strengths the ecumenical dimension. The contribution subsequently provides impulses in order to support an ecumenically responsible and theologically founded approach, which the Christian might acquire in connection with the Year of the Reformation. As the crucial points, the two following perspectives are proposed: trust in God’s Providence and the ability to discern the gifts. The Reformation can contribute to the authentic reform of the Church and the restoration of unity among all Christians.

11

Kościół w publikacjach „Gazety Wyborczej” w czasie Wielkiego Jubileuszu Roku 2000

75%

Lewandowski P.

Tarnowskie Studia Teologiczne

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2015

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vol. 34

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issue 1

EN

„Gazeta Wyborcza” is considered to be one of the most influential and opinion-generating Polish newspapers. Since its inception, it regularly publishes articles on topics closely related to the Church. During the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000 „Gazeta Wyborcza” published 677 texts on the Church, its pastoral leaders and faithful, texts broaching issues of ethics and Christian morality.In the press material published in „Gazeta Wyborcza” in the Year of the Great Jubilee a vision of a divided and dissented Church, is clearly drawn. The journal editors recognize lack of internal unity among the clergy, as well as between the clergy and the faithful. The editors, while emphasizing the alleged internal division of the Church, point to the need for dialogue with liberal mentality. Hence, the journalists create in the daily paper symbols of this dialogue, which are promoted by them, the so called „soft faces” of the Church.From the publications of „Gazeta Wyborcza” in the Year of the Great Jubilee a vision of the Church emerges as a kind of sociological and specific political formation. To define this, the journal editors usually use terms such as monarchy, fortress, stronghold, world power, headquarters, department or federation.„Gazeta Wyborcza” is also known for its ingenuity in finding and vividly describing ecclesiastical sensations. Each revelation from the life of the Church and the people associated with it does not go unnoticed by the journalists and is reflected in numerous press reports, coverages and newspaper columns. It should be added that the „sensational” information often has no reflection in reality. Showing the scandals and sensationalism in the Church is an intentional activity and is designed to ridicule the clergy and to discourage the faithful in regard to the Church.

PL

„Gazeta Wyborcza” uważana jest za jeden z najbardziej wpływowych i opiniotwórczych polskich dzienników. Od początku swojego istnienia systematycznie publikuje artykuły na tematy ściśle związane z Kościołem. W czasie Wielkiego Jubileuszu Roku 2000 na łamach „Gazety Wyborczej” opublikowano 677 tekstów dotyczących Kościoła, jego duszpasterzy i wiernych, tekstów poruszających kwestie etyki i moralności chrześcijańskiej.W materiale prasowym zamieszczonym na łamach „Gazety Wyborczej” w Roku Wielkiego Jubileuszu w sposób jednoznaczny rysuje się wizja Kościoła podzielonego i skłóconego. Brak wewnętrznej jedności redaktorzy dziennika dostrzegają tak między samym duchowieństwem, jak i między duchowieństwem a wiernymi. Redakcja dziennika, nagłaśniając rzekomy podział wewnętrzny Kościoła, wskazuje jednocześnie na konieczność jego dialogu z mentalnością liberalną. Stąd też dziennikarze kreują na łamach dziennika symbole promowanego przez siebie dialogu, tzw. „ciepłe twarze” Kościoła.Z publikacji „Gazety Wyborczej” w Roku Wielkiego Jubileuszu wyłania się również wizja Kościoła jako swoistej grupy socjologicznej i specyficznej formacji politycznej. Dla jego określenia redaktorzy dziennika posługują się najczęściej takimi terminami, jak: „monarchia”, „forteca”, „twierdza”, „mocarstwo”, „sztab”, „urząd” czy „federacja”. „Gazeta Wyborcza” znana jest także z pomysłowości w wyszukiwaniu, jak i barwności w opisywaniu kościelnych sensacji. Każda rewelacja z życia Kościoła i osób z nim związanych nie uchodzi uwadze dziennikarzy i znajduje swoje odzwierciedlenie w licznych doniesieniach prasowych, reportażach czy felietonach. Trzeba dodać, że te „sensacyjne” informacje nierzadko nie mają żadnego odzwierciedlenia w rzeczywistości. Ukazywanie afer i sensacji w Kościele jest działaniem celowym, ma za zadanie ośmieszyć duchowieństwo, a wiernych zniechęcić do Kościoła.

12

Eklesiologická iniciace pastoračního poslání církve: Příspěvek k diskuzi o recepci Druhého vatikánského koncilu

75%

Ambros P.

Studia theologica

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2015

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vol. 3

187-202

EN

Is the pontificate of Pope Francis the next stage of the Second Vatican Council reception or is the beginning of a new post-conciliar Church situation? Is the way we perceive and understand the Church changing fundamentally now 50 years after the Council? Does the Church’s discourse contain things the Council could not even have imagined? These questions lead us to formulating two basic hypotheses which will be developed in detail. First, each phase of the reception and subsequent reflection on the reception of the Council ties together the pluriformity of ecclesiological models and pastoral propedeutics manifested in basic pastoral decisions as responses by faith to the changing world around us. Secondly, finding a new unity in the situation of pluriformity of ecclesiological models, as brought by the phases of reflection on the reception of the Council, will be possible provided that the basic pastoral propedeutics described in the text will be transformed by pastorality as the basic driving force of the initiation by the Council. Pastorality is the interpretative key of the Council brought to the Church by Francis’s pontificate.

13

Christus Totus – Different Ways of Interpretation

75%

Wołyniec W.

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2016

|

vol. 63

|

issue 2: Teologia dogmatyczna - English Version

51-64

EN

The christological title Christus totus seldom appears in modern theology. It seems that the reason for this stems from the lack of precise understanding and interpretation of the very title. Therefore, the article: “Christus totus − different ways of interpretation” is an attempt at the presentation of theological wealth hidden behind it. From ecclesiological aspect, Christus totus expresses the unity of Christ − the Head and Body of the Church. Without covering over the identity of the Divine Person, Jesus Christ must be eternally and inextricably perceived with the Church, which takes over and borrows from its Divine Head new subjectivity. Christus totus, in the anthropological perspective, is a paradigm of the new man. On the one hand, He is the new Adam, a social, corporate being, yet on the other hand, He is a Personality characterized by His total openness to others. Jesus Christ is a man who does not exist for Himself but for others, opening wide the boundaries of His existence. From the cosmic perspective Christus totus is finally cosmic Christ, because He remains in the relation of cause and effect of the entire creation. However, Christ does not fade away in the Universe in any pantheistic sense, but remains in it, being present as the incarnated Son of the Father, performing real transformation of the Universe into New Heaven and New Earth.

14

The ‘Stranger’ as a Challenge for Communion Ecclesiology

75%

Nadbrzeżny A.

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2016

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vol. 63

|

issue 2: Teologia dogmatyczna - English Version

191-204

EN

In this paper, the author deals with the question of communion ecclesiology in the context of the current migration crisis in Europe. Contextual theology based on the correlation method tries to develop the understanding of the Church’s essence and mission by using the ecclesiological model called communion and putting it in the contemporary social context. The notion of the ‘stranger’ introduced by the sociologists into the public discourse seems to be very operative and useful category for ecclesiology as well. The first part of the article presents the phenomenon of the stranger in sociological perspective. The second part discusses Jesus as Sacrament of God in the encounter with strangers. The author analyses Jesus’ words and his attitude to strangers and socially alienated people. The third part describes the Church as the sacrament of responsibility and open home for strangers and poor people. The Church can be also understood as the mother with a heart open especially to those who suffer from war and misery. In the final part of this paper the author presents some pastoral implications. He draws attention to the necessity to enhance the social aspect of Eucharist and to encourage the believers to create the ‘culture of solidarity’ with refugees and strangers in need.

15

Rola wiary w kształtowaniu postawy katolickiej według Augusta kardynała Hlonda

71%

Olejnik K.

Teologia i Moralność

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2018

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vol. 13

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issue 2(24)

253-266

EN

The aim of the article is to present the role of faith in shaping the Catholic attitude in the context of the teaching of Cardinal Hlond, Primate of Poland. From the beginning of his pastoral ministry, he exposes the threats to faith and his diagnosis of the situation, leads to pointing out ways of solving problems and consistently forming a Catholic attitude that is to be at the service of the spiritual revival of the nation. Elements of this approach determine the phases of the working method. In subsequent stages of reflection, the influence of faith on the formation of particular elements of an attitude that has an intellectual-cognitive, emotional-value and task reference to its subject is presented. The source of this article are pastoral letters, homilies, speeches and other writings of Cardinal August Hlond. Some statements of the Polish Episcopate were analyzed. On the basis of the extremely rich quantity and quality of the teaching of Cardinal August Hlond, we discover that faith is expressed in the conversion of the heart and in the human attitude. In this way, it leads to spiritual rebirth.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie roli wiary w kształtowaniu postawy katolickiej w kontekście nauczania kardynała Hlonda, Prymasa Polski. Od początku swojej pasterskiej posługi, demaskuje on zagrożenia dotyczące wiary a czyniona przez niego diagnoza sytuacji, prowadzi do wskazywania dróg rozwiązywania problemów oraz konsekwentnego formowania postawy katolickiej, która ma być w służbie duchowego odrodzenia narodu. Elementy postawy wyznaczają fazy metody pracy. W kolejnych etapach refleksji jest zaprezentowany wpływ wiary na formowanie poszczególnych elementów postawy mającej do swego przedmiotu odniesienie intelektualno-poznawcze, emocjonalno-wartościujące oraz zadaniowe. Źródłem niniejszego artykułu są listy pasterskie, homilie, przemówienia oraz inne pisma Kardynała Augusta Hlonda. Poddano analizie niektóre wypowiedzi Episkopatu Polski. W oparciu o niezwykle bogate pod względem ilości i jakości nauczanie kardynała Augusta Hlonda odkrywamy, że wiara znajduje swój wyraz w nawróceniu serca oraz w postawie ludzkiej. W ten sposób prowadzi do duchowego odrodzenia.

16

Chrzest jako źródło apostolstwa świeckich

71%

Sikora A.

Teologia i Moralność

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2015

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vol. 10

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issue 1(17)

81-91

EN

The issue of lay apostolate understood as the engagement of the whole Church in the preaching of the Gospel must be referenced to the sacrament of baptism as its source. The source nature of baptism can be seen in several aspects. The following are the main two. The first one is the inclusion by baptism into the Church, which is apostolic and missionary by its nature. The Church fulfills the apostolic task by both the consecrated and involved in the sacramental priesthood as well as all the baptized laity. Baptism, which includes into the Church, is the act of salvation which enables us to carry out the tasks of the Apostles. The second aspect is the participation in the triple dignity of Christ - the priestly, prophetic and kingly. In all of these three concepts is hidden the mystery of communion with Christ, who himself being the first to preach the Gospel, enables and calls all the baptized to this task.In both these aspects the crucial and source role is played by the sacrament of baptism.

PL

Zagadnienie apostolstwa świeckich pojmowane jako włączenie się w głoszenie Ewangelii przez cały Kościół odniesione musi być do sakramentu chrztu jako jego źródła. Źródłowy charakter chrztu widoczny jest w kilku aspektach. Podstawowymi są następujące dwa. Pierwszym jest włączenie przez chrzest do wspólnoty Kościoła, który z natury jest apostolski i misyjny. Zadanie apostolskie Kościół wypełnia zarówno przez osoby konsekrowane i mające udział w kapłaństwie sakramentalnym, ale także przez wszystkich świeckich ochrzczonych. Chrzest włączający w Kościół jest więc tym aktem zbawczym, który uzdalnia do realizowania zadań apostolskich. Drugim aspektem jest udział w potrójnej godności Chrystusa - kapłańskiej, prorockiej i królewskiej. We wszystkich tych trzech pojęciach kryje się tajemnica jedności z Chrystusem, który sam będąc pierwszym głoszącym Ewangelię uzdalnia i powołuje wszystkich ochrzczonych do tego zadania.W oby tych aspektach istotną i źródłową rolę spełnia sakrament chrztu.

17

Kościół męczennika Dionizego w Cyrze (Nebi Houri, Syria) – próba identyfikacji

66%

Nadobnik W.

Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae

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2018

|

vol. 28

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issue 2

57-64

EN

Martyr Dionysius was a local saint worshipped in the area of Cyrrhus in Syria at least since the 4th century. Author of this article combines literary, epigraphic and archeological evidence in order to identify his shrine and estabilsh it’s chronology.

18

Omijanie odmiany imion i nazwisk, czyli nowy sposób unikania fleksji przez Kościół (na przykładzie parafii podkarpackich)

63%

Kurek H.

Onomastica

|

2021

|

vol. 65

|

issue 2

179-188

EN

The subject of the article is to show a new, modified way of avoiding Polish inflection by the Church, understood here as an institution represented by priests. The analysis included first names and surnames excerpted from Holy Mass intentions and parish announcements published on the Internet from October 2020 to March 2021 by selected parishes of the Podkarpacie region. Publishing Mass intentions on the parish website resulted in the fact that inflection mistakes became permanent and could easily be indicated. In order to avoid criticism for linguistic incorrectness, the Church decided not to inflect first names and surnames in the messages published online. The analysis of the Mass intentions indicates that the Church promotes the use of an official and practical model of inflection that prefers nominativisation of names and surnames, as well as writing them in the form of lists. First names and surnames of the deceased (which are preceded by the symbol of the cross) are written in the nominative form, as opposed to inflected names of living parishioners. As a result, a name/surname that is not inflected (even without the cross) has begun to be perceived as a linguistic symbol of a dead person.

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest pokazanie nowego, zmodyfikowanego sposobu unikania rodzimej fleksji przez Kościół rozumiany tu jako instytucja reprezentowana przez księży. Materiałową podstawę pracy stanowią imiona i nazwiska wyekscerpowane z intencji mszalnych i ogłoszeń parafialnych zamieszczanych w internecie od października 2020 r. do marca 2021 r. przez wybrane parafie podkarpackie. Umieszczanie intencji mszalnych na stronach internetowych parafii spowodowało, że błędy fleksyjne nabierały trwałego charakteru i łatwo mogły być wykazane. Aby się nie narazić na krytykę niepoprawności językowej, w tekstach ogłoszeń Kościół zdecydował się więc na zastosowanie wybiegu omijania odmiany imion i nazwisk. Analiza tekstów intencji mszalnych wykazała, że w Kościele gwałtownie szerzy się urzędniczy, praktyczny model odmiany preferujący nominatywizację imion i nazwisk i zestawianie ich w formie wykazów. Kostnienie, w postaci mianownikowej, imion i nazwisk zmarłych (poprzedzonych symbolem krzyża), w opozycji do czynnych fleksyjnie nazw własnych osób żyjących, powoduje, że w intencjach mszalnych unieruchomiona fleksyjnie forma imienia i nazwiska (nawet bez krzyża) zaczyna być traktowana jako językowy symbol osoby zmarłej.

19

PARAFIA ŻURAWICA W LATACH II WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ

63%

Kapłon M.

Rocznik Przemyski

|

2017

|

vol. 53

|

issue 1(20): Historia

155-180

EN

The period of the Second World War affected all the aspects of social life in Poland, including the Church community, which, like the whole nation, suffered enormous losses in people as well as in the material and spiritual dimensions. This paper shows those issues on a microscale taking the Żurawica parish as an example. It discusses issues connected with demographic changes, material losses and most of all, it presents the problems in pastoral work faced by the priests working in that parish.

20

Zagadnienie Kościoła w kontekście ascetycznym u Marka Eremity

63%

Grzywaczewski J.

Collectanea Theologica

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2019

|

vol. 89

|

issue 1

51-74

EN

Mark the Ascetic (called also in English Mark the Heremit) representsthe monastic milieu of the fifth century. He wrote about the Church whilediscussing other questions. He clearly distinguished heterodox groups andthe Catholic Church. He refuted the theories of the Melchizedekians, Adoptionists, Messalians, Arians and Apollinarians, but especially Nestorians.Mark considered heretics as people in error and as those who have brokenfidelity to their baptism. He underlined that his own teaching was conformedto the Christian tradition. In his works, similar points with the teachingof earlier Christian writers, such as Basil of Caesarea, John Chrysostom,Evagrius Ponticus, Cyril of Alexandria and Gregory of Nazianzus, shouldbe noticed. Mark presented the Church as a place of sanctification for laypeople and monks. He proclaimed Christ as God’s Son and as the true Man,not only a creature having a human body. He highlighted the importanceof the sacraments of baptism and the Eucharist. In Mark’s works, we seeSaint Peter and Saint Paul as good teachers of the divine truth, who gave anexample of the Christian virtues, but there are no references to the positionof the Church of Rome in Christianity. The works of Mark the Ascetic werepopular in late antiquity, especially in the East; they were translated intoseveral languages. In the West, they were used especially in the time ofcontroversies between the Catholics and the Protestants.

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