The question of the Donets Basin industrial development, including the formation and development of the coal and steel industry, which in the second half of the nineteenth century – the beginning of the twentieth century. Briefly describe the most important events and contributions of Ukrainian and foreign researchers and entrepreneurs in the industrial transformation in eastern Ukraine. It is shown that the rapid development of mining and metallurgical industry and transport Donets Basin in the last third of the nineteenth century. inextricably linked with the mastery of iron ore in Kryvyi Rih, ie the systematic development of heavy industry Left-Bank and Right-Bank Ukraine. Formation as an industrial center of Donbass Ukraine should be seen as an important part of the global process of world industrial transformation ( “Industrial Revolution”), as evidenced by a number of factors: the attraction expeditions top scientists from the Russian Empire, France and the United Kingdom, Germany; powerful foreign investments in the industry (including Belgian, French, English), attracting foreign experts, organizers metallurgical industry (John Hughes et al.); importation through the Azov and Black Sea ports overseas metallurgical equipment, exports of metal ores and coal; breaking the basic elements of the feudal system (abolition of serfdom, free labor recruitment, banks, promotional companies, investment protection, etc.). This can clearly be seen in the dominant contribution to Ukrainian industrial development of the region, not only at the level of working enterprises (former farmers, local population), but also at the level of Ukrainian elites – leaders and initiators of industrial processes and social change (E. Kovalevskyy, O. Alchevskyy, O. Paul et al.).
Współczesny dobrobyt kraje wysoko rozwinięte zawdzięczają rozwojowi przemysłu. Od XVIII wieku trwa proces określany jako rewolucja przemysłowa. Obecnie wyróżniamy w niej cztery etapy, z których ostatni, koncepcyjnie zapoczątkowany już w XXI wieku, popularnie nazywany jest Przemysłem 4.0. Jego idea polega na pełnej robotyzacji produkcji w atmosferze inteligentnych miast i budynków. Wiąże się to też z powrotem wytwórczości z krajów azjatyckich do krajów wysokich technik i technologii. Można się spodziewać znacznych zmian w obrazie struktury zatrudnienia oraz rozbudowy struktur badawczych i kształcenia kadr – zwłaszcza w dziedzinie nauk technicznych i informatyki. Kierunek rozwoju architektury nowych struktur jest tu niewiadomą, choć można domniemywać działania idące w kierunku minimalizmu, abstrakcjonizmu i podkreślania aspektów ekologicznych.
EN
Highly developed countries owe their modern prosperity to the development of industry. A process known as the Industrial Revolution has been going on since the 18th century. Currently, there are four stages of this Revolution. The last of them conceptionally initiated already in 21st century. It is popularly called Industry 4.0. Its idea relies on fully robotization of production in the atmosphere of intelligent cities and buildings. It also involves the return of production from Asian countries to high technology countries. It is expected that there will be significant changes in scheme of employment structure and in the expansion of research structures. There will also be changes in staff training―especially in the field of technical sciences and IT. The direction of development of the architecture of new structures is unknown here. However, it is possible to suppose actions aimed at minimalism, abstractionism and emphasizing ecological aspects.
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