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1

Problematyka późnośredniowiecznych dworów na kopcu na Śląsku w świetle badań wykopaliskowych przeprowadzonych w 2009 r. w Bełczu Małym gm. Wąsosz

100%
Biermann F., Kieseler A., Nowakowski D.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2011
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vol. 59
137-166
EN
The paper concerns the question of research on small knight’s seats in Silesia. Results of excavations carried out in the area and in surroundings of the knight’s seat in Bełcz Mały gave rise to the research on the subject. There, the preserved complex is located on a small hill in the valley of the Barycz river, approximately 150 m northwest of the village. A quadrilateral embankment 55 x 60 m in size, surrounded by a moat 20 m wide and an outer rampart, is the main element of the castle. In the course of the excavations, cultural layers connected with an open settlement of the Lusatian culture, dated to the V phase of the Bronze Age and Hallstatt C, as well as early medieval material, dated generally to the 2nd half of the 11th – the 13th centuries, were exposed. The discovering of two phases of the knight’s seat in the type of the motte castle was the most important result of the excavations. The castle was built on the hill, elevated by the accumulation of material connected with an older settlement, just on the bank of the Barycz river. The main building, probably made of brick, as well as outbuildings, made of timber and clay, were erected at the courtyard surrounded by a palisade. On the basis of dendrochronological dating of wood samples and of the analysis of clay vessels, it can be determined that the castle functioned since the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries to around the third quarter of the 15th century. In the course of the excavations, relics of a wooden bridge, built over the river around the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries as well, were discovered.
2
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K postavení Vratislavi v českých korunních zemích v pozdním středověku

88%
Čapský M.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2017
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vol. 115
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issue 2
346-383
EN
The presented study follows reflections of Prague as “Head of the Kingdom” in the late medieval Lands of the Bohemian Crown and the question whether the Silesian city of Wrocław (Vratislav, Breslau) aspired to take over this role in connection with the anti-Hussite policy of King Sigismund of Luxembourg. Attention is paid to the conditions establishing the leading position of Prague within Bohemia and that of Wrocław within the framework of the Duchies of Silesia; to the role of political communication when forming concepts on the “first” or “second head of the Kingdom” and the importance of this construct in struggles to participate in political decision-making in the respective Lands of the Bohemian Crown. The author reaches the conclusion that the Wrocław municipal representatives utilised references to the leading position of Prague in order to legitimize their own aspirations in the transforming power bloc of the late medieval Duchies of Silesia.
3

Książęta pomorscy wobec konfliktu Polski i Litwy z zakonem niemieckim w 1409/1410 roku (przyczynek do uwarunkowań aktywności władczej w późnym średniowieczu)

75%
Kwiatkowski K.
Zapiski Historyczne
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2014
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vol. 79
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issue 3
7-37
EN
The article concerns the attitude of Pomeranian dukes towards the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic conflict in the period from the summer-autumn of 1409 until the moment prior to the Prussian expedition of the Polish king in the summer 1410. The author attempts to explain the relationship between Pomeranian dukes, the Polish Kingdom and the Teutonic Order by analysing the activities of monarchs in the context of certain events. He rejects the analytical formula of examining the activities of rulers in terms of long-term “political strategies”. He is interested exclusively in cultural conditions. The author examines the activities of Świętobor I [Latin: Suatobor] and Bogusław VIII. He presents the significance of the alliance concluded by them on 20-24 August 1409 with the grand master. The articles reveals the premises allowing us to assume that they supported the Teutonic Order militarily at the beginning of October 1409. The author refutes the opinions held by older researchers that Bogusław VIII was to support both the Teutonic Order and the Polish Kingdom at the end of 1409 and at the beginning of 1410. The activities undertaken by this ruler may be interpreted as a result of his attitude, unchanged since the autumn of 1409. He attempted to remain neutral in the Polish-Teutonic conflict. The author shows that in the spring of 1410 Bogusław VIII, who had fallen out with the grand master at that time, was far from making an alliance with the Polish king, which placed him in a very unfavourable position. He realised that had the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic conflict not finished amicably, he would have had to support the Teutonic Order. In this situation the Duke of Słupsk started to act as a mediator between the two sides of the conflict. Together with Świętobor I and Ulrich I he sent an envoy to the Polish king, which was one of the elements of extensive mediation activity undertaken by Sigismund of Luxembourg. For Pomeranian dukes, including Bogusław VIII. It was an opportunity to gain recognition and good fame in the Reich, particularly in the regional system connecting rulers, which extended the scope of his reign.
4
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Opisy granicy państwa zakonu krzyżackiego w Prusach z Księstwem Słupskim z XIV i XV wieku

63%
Długokęcki W., Simiński R.
Zapiski Historyczne
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2018
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vol. 83
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issue 2
169-206
EN
The edition presents the sources concerning the borders between the Duchy of Słupsk and the Monastic State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia of the 14th and 15th century. The basis for the edition are records included in the boundary book – the so called Grenzbuch B with the entry number OF 270a preserved in XX. Hauptabteilung in the Secret State Archive in Berlin-Dahlem. Among the published sources, texts no. 3, 6, 7 were edited by Reinhold Cramer, but they fail to include the dates (no. 6, 7) and the explanations of topographic names appearing in them. The remaining texts were not published (no. 1–2, 4–5, 8–12). The first group of sources (no. 1–4) was written in the period from the second half of the 14th century to the beginning of the 15th century. The second group of descriptions (no. 507) resulted from the circuit [Polish: ujazd] around the boundary by the Gdańsk commander Albrecht, earl von Schwarzburg of the end of 1405. They were included in the introductory Pomeranian-Teutonic border agreement of 14 October 1407, next in the sealed agreement of 23 September 1408. The creation of the third group of descriptions (8–9) should be associated with Teutonic preparations to the arbitration agreement in front of the Roman and Hungarian king Sigismund of Luxembourg, and with the activity of the sub-arbiter Benedict Makrai in the years 1412–1413. The last group of descriptions (no. 10–12) was created in the situation of the conflict concerning the establishment of the border between the Człuchów commandry and the Szczecinek land in the vicinity of Dołgie Lake in 1417. None of the published sources presents the whole Pomeranian-Teutonic border from the estuary of the river Łeba to the Baltic Sea in the north to Lędyczek in the south, but its individual fragments. Description no. 1 includes the description of the border between the Człuchów commandry / the Tuchola commandry and the Kingdom of Poland. In source no. 2 there is a list of arbitrators from the Pomeranian party and the Teutonic party negotiating the border between the villages of Oskowo and Siemirowice / Unieszyno. The information about informer and arbitrators may be found in source no. 3 (both the Pomeranian and Teutonic parties) and no. 4 (the Teutonic party). Each of the published descriptions is characterized by precision and plethora of topographic names. They should be used for the analysis of the problem of shaping and functioning of the border between the Duchy of Słupsk and the Monastic State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia in the context of the political and economic situation on the Pomeranian-Teutonic borderland in the Late Middle Ages.
DE
Die Edition bringt Quellen zum Verlauf der Grenze zwischen dem Herzogtum Stolp und dem Deutschordensstaat in Preußen aus dem 14. und 15. Jahrhundert. Die Grundlage von deren Ausgabe sind Einträge im sog. Grenzbuch B mit der Signatur OF 270a, das in der XX. Hauptabteilung im Geheimen Staatsarchiv in Berlin-Dahlem aufbewahrt wird. Von den publizierten Beschreibungen sind die Texte 3, 6 und 7 schon von Reinhold Cramer herausgegeben worden, jedoch ohne den Versuch ihrer Datierung (Nr. 6, 7) und einer Erklärung der in ihnen auftauchenden Ortsnamen. Die übrigen Texte wurden noch nicht publiziert (Nr. 1–2, 4–5, 8–12). Die erste Quellengruppe (Nr. 1–4) entstand im Zeitraum zwischen der ersten Hälfte des 14. und dem Beginn des 15. Jahrhunderts. Die zweite Gruppe von Beschreibungen (Nr. 5–7) war das Ergebnis einer Grenzbegehung durch den Danziger Komtur Albrecht Graf von Schwarzburg Ende 1405. Sie wurden in den Entwurf des Grenzvertrags zwischen Pommern und dem Deutschen Orden vom 14. Oktober 1407 aufgenommen und fanden dann Eingang in die gesiegelte Urkunde des Abkommens vom 23. September 1408. Die Entstehung der dritten Gruppe von Beschreibungen ist mit den Vorbereitungen des Ordens auf einen Schiedsprozess vor dem römischen und ungarischen König Sigismund von Luxemburg in Verbindung zu bringen, insbesondere mit der Tätigkeit des Unterrichters Benedict Makrai in den Jahren 1412–1413. Die letzte Gruppe von Beschreibungen (Nr. 10–12) entstand vor dem Hintergrund des Konflikts um den Grenzverlauf im Abschnitt zwischen der Komturei Schlochau und dem Gebiet von Neustettin in der Nähe des Dolgensees im Jahr 1417. Keine der publizierten Quellen gibt den Verlauf der gesamten Grenze zwischen Pommern und dem Ordensstaat von der Mündung des Flusses Leba in die Ostsee im Norden bis Landeck im Süden wieder, sondern nur einzelne Abschnitte. Die Beschreibung Nr. 1 enthält außerdem den Verlauf der Grenze der Komtureien Schlochau und Tuchel mit dem Königreich Polen. In der Quelle Nr. 2 befand sich eine Liste der Unterhändler von Seiten Pommerns und des Deutschen Ordens, die den Grenzverlauf zwischen den Dörfern Wutzkow (Oskowo), Schimmerwitz (Siemirowice) und Groß Wunneschin (Unieszyno) aushandelten. Informationen zu Informatoren und Unterhändlern enthalten auch die Quellen Nr. 3 (Pommern und Deutscher Orden) und Nr. 4 (Deutscher Orden). Jede der publizierten Beschreibungen zeichnet sich durch große Detailgenauigkeit und Reichtum an topografischen Namen aus. Sie sollten zu einer Analyse des Problems genutzt werden, wie sich die Grenze zwischen dem Herzogtum Stolp und dem Ordensstaat in Preußen im Zusammenhang der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Lage im pommersch-ordensstaatlichen Grenzraum im späten Mittelalter ausbildete und wie sie funktionierte.
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