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Wokół osłabiania neoprotekcjonizmu rolnego unii europejskiej w ramach i poza WTO

100%

Puślecki Z.

Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu

2013

issue 2 (23)

30-48

The main aim of the article is the presentation of the problem of the European Union agriculture new protectionism weakening within and outside the WTO. The specific objective was to show the consequences of EU agricultural new protectionism, its mitigation by the WTO to stimulate the development of commodity markets outside the WTO, new perspective aims of CAP as well as issues of sustainable development of European agriculture. Common external EU customs tariff applied selectively against selected goods, may limit the liberalisation of international trade. This is particularly highlighted by trading partners from countries not belonging to this European integration grouping and it is a sign of trade new protectionism. The resistance of the EU to cut tariffs for agricultural products has repeatedly blocked progress in WTO trade negotiations. In addition, developing countries show there is a new protectionism in agriculture justifying at the same time the use of barriers to imports and manufactured goods and services by the EU. Reducing EU selective external tariffs may be an important contribution to a liberal trading system, which provides high profits not only for the EU, but also an effective tool in the fight against global poverty. It is also important to emphasise a high level of subsidisation of the budget of EU agriculture, which seriously restricts the export capacity of the least-developed countries. The situation looks different in wealthier, developing countries, which paradoxically adopt similar measures used by the EU to increase financial subsidisation of own agriculture, which consequently affects the growth of falsification of world trade. In the conclusions of the considerations, in the form of generalisations and applications it is shown that the need to weaken agricultural new protectionism within and outside the WTO is important in the functioning of the CAP. As a result of the necessary reforms, the WTO should continue to stimulate the liberalisation of international trade and also, more than in the past, support the development of third world countries, particularly through aid for trade. The last stage of multilateral trade talks on the liberalisation of international trade within the Doha Round should be paid above all to the problem of reducing the cost of developing countries with their entrance on the world market with industrial goods, agricultural pro- ducts and services. Everything indicates that taken steps of the reforms will continue, which will create favourable conditions enabling the completion of the Doha Round, if there is not further differentiating of negotiating positions and there is not a clear conflict of interest also in the group of developing countries. The European Union should on its own, irrespective of the prospects of trade negotiations in the framework of the WTO, consider what further liberalization movements associated with the CAP would be beneficial for both the union and third countries, especially the least developed ones. As a result of the weakening of the WTO, because of lack of agreement of final Doha Round, there was the increase of importance of bilateral trade agreements as well as other international institutions such as G20. It should be emphasized that in contemporary, multipolar world, agreements and regional ties become more and more important. Furthermore, what is also important from the theoretical point of view, the justifications of practical reasons become weaker and normative solutions become more significant.

Ex-post Assessment of the Global European Strategy

72%

Fojtíková L.

Review of Economic Perspectives

2012

vol. 12

issue 2

71-91

The changing situation in the world economy is connected with growing competition on global markets. This new situation creates growing possibilities for some, for others loss of gains. The goal of the European Union is to be more competitive on the world market and to keep the leading position in world trade. The article focuses on an assessment of the EU trade strategy "Global Europe: Competing in the world", that was carried out in the period 2006 - 2010. The analysis is provided in three steps. First of all, changes in the world economy as a factor influencing trade policy are shown. Secondly, the main priority areas of trade strategy are described. Finally, the progress achieved in the Global Europe strategy is analysed. Conclusions are based on method of deduction and calculation of changes in the EU's market share, trade integration and trade balance in 2006 - 2010. The results of trade analysis showed that preferential trade agreement is not a sufficient instrument for increasing trade and that more trade opportunities do not always have to mean lower unemployment.

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1 Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu

1 Review of Economic Perspectives

1 Fojtíková L.

1 Puślecki Z.

1 2013

1 2012

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Wokół osłabiania neoprotekcjonizmu rolnego unii europejskiej w ramach i poza WTO

Ex-post Assessment of the Global European Strategy