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Политические партии в избирательном процессе субъектов Российской Федерации

100%

Тхабисимова Л. А., Тхабисимов Х. А.

Studia Politologiczne

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2014

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vol. 33

128-161

RU

В представленном исследовании рассматривается роль и значение региональных выборов в Российской Федерации. Уделяется большое внимание реформированию избирательной системы в субъектах Российской Федерации, а также причинам слабого интереса к выборам в региональные законодательные органы, которые в основном связаны с их невысоким авторитетом, практически повсеместной неизвестностью депутатов среди избирателей, заметной подконтрольностью исполнительной власти в большинстве регионов. Анализируются выборы 2011-2012 года, которые свидетельствует о том, что политический спектр российских партий чрезмерно раздроблен, существует много политических партий с невнятными программами и целями. Тенденцией развития избирательного законодательства признается достаточно широкое применение закрытых и открытых систем списков депутатов. Акцентируется внимание на отсутствие исчерпывающего перечня оснований для отзыва кандидатов, выдвинутых партией, что является уязвимым звеном действующей системы правового регулирования деятельности партий и необходимость усиления правовых гарантий общественного контроля за проведением выборов, подсчетом голосов избирателей, установлением итогов голосования.

EN

In the presented research the role and value of regional elections in the Russian Federation is considered. Much attention is paid to reforming of an electoral system in subjects of the Russian Federation, and also to the reasons of weak interest to elections in regional legislature which are generally connected with their low authority, almost universal uncertainty of deputies among the voters, a noticeable submission to control of executive power in the majority of regions. Elections of 2011-2012 which testifies that the political range of the Russian parties is excessively shattered are analyzed; there are many political parties with muffled programs and the purposes. Tendency of development of electoral laws rather broad use of the closed and open systems of lists of deputies admits. The attention to absence of the exhaustive list of bases for a response of the candidates proposed party that is a vulnerable link of operating system of legal regulation of activity of parties and need of strengthening of legal guarantees of public control over elections, counting of votes, establishment of results of vote is focused.

2

Електоральна легітимація влади в умовах демократичної трансформації

86%

Бортніков В., Чубаєвський В.

Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

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2015

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vol. 5

55-64

EN

The issue of the solving of the problem of the raising level of the legitimating of power in the electoral process, which is really low in the eyes of citizens of Ukraine, is raised in the article. The institutional structure, procedures and the electoral process’ mechanisms give the contenders wide opportunities not only for the selfpromotion, but over persuasion of community in the personal ability to ensure effective public management. The process of the legitimating of the political power is being in progress at every stage of the election long before the official nomination of the candidates for the acquisition of the authority. The authors of the article suggest the following stages of the election: 1) Constituting; 2) Institutionalization; 3) Realization; 4) Control. The essential subjects of the power institutions’ formation in the democratic states are political parties. They commit a significant and sometimes decisive influence on the will of the voters. Besides, the parties are being one of the main subjects of the political legitimating during election. Another indicator of the democratic state is the freedom of the political opposition activity. Numerous attempts to regulate the statute of the political opposition in Ukraine were subordinated to the tasks of its constituting. The four stages of the political opposition constituting are singled out on this basis: 1990-2006; 2006-2007; 2007-2010; since October 2010. The organic component of the legitimating of power in the election is their recognition through the number of the specialized organizations, agencies and institutions of the Council of Europe, European Union, and OSCE, and CIS, etc. The indicators of the international (foreign) legitimating power in Ukraine are singled out in the article.

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Теоретико-методологічниі аспекти технологій легітимації політичної влади в Україні

86%

Чубаєвський В.

Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

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2016

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vol. 6

179-191

EN

The analysis of theoretical and methodological aspects of the essence, content and specificity of the application of technologies’ legitimation of political power in Ukraine at the stage of democratic transformation has been shown in the article. These technologies are defined as a kind of social engineering, deliberate, purposeful action to influence a wide range of subjects of political relations, with the aim of creating a positive image of the government using evidence-based set of tools, methods and procedures. The attention has been focused on the unexplored side of the legitimation of power – its symbolic regulation and organizations, in particular the mythologizing and ideologizing. The legitimacy of power in Ukraine before the events of the Euromaidan was being achieved thanks to legitimate technology of simulation of democratic changes, which is a type of the virtualization technology. The analysis of the nature of the relationship between the state and society at the time of independence with the release of the respective stages, which in fact match the timing of presidential candidacies and is evidenced by the domination of certain legitimate technologies, has been implemented. At the present stage of socio-political development of Ukraine the populism in all the richness of its forms and manifestations and means of use acquires threatening volumes. The most dangerous consequences of destructive influence of populism are: the formation of an overly simplified picture of the socio-political reality; the delegitimization of the existing political and social order due to its constant criticism; the formation of two-dimensional («people» – «enemies») picture of the world with the simultaneous vulgarization of the complex problems’ solution, etc. The process of legitimation of political power during elections, and, respectively, the related electoral technologies, occurs at all stages of the electoral process – well before the official nomination of the applicants to obtain powers. For example, for the formation of public opinion in the period between elections the technology of the customized polls which referred to the defendants in the upcoming elections is used. The legitimation of power occurs during the nomination and registration of candidates, political parties and blocks of political parties – participants in the electoral competition, in the formation of their campaign offices and funds of the election commissions, election campaigning, the actual voting and also during appeals and judicial processes. Especially dangerous to society and to the development of democracy is manipulative constitutional and legal technology, when the electoral laws and even constitutional provisions «wing» as the political situation. The ruling circles with the manner of application of certain provisions of the electoral system, particularly the type of electoral system, size of entry barriers, permission or prohibition of participation in elections of blocs of political parties, the order of formation of election commissions, etc. form the preconditions for the victory of certain political forces. The modern period of social development is marked by a significant influence on the formation of people’s consciousness of communication and information technologies, as television and radio create the illusion of presence of the broad masses of the population, including the audience abroad. Psychological and image-based technologies are designed to influence the consciousness and sub consciousness of the person. The use of such technologies is quite different from the ordinary informing of man. They are aimed at disruption of its activities. The purpose of these operations – is the impact on the public consciousness in a certain direction, aiming at the subordination of the will of the people and their behavior in such a way as to force them to act, if not against their own interests, then with a significant «correction» in favor of the initiators of the use of such technologies. The technologies are used not only for political legitimation of the power, but its de-legitimization. A common practice of de-legitimization of candidates seeking to get to power is the technology of «black PR», «dirty» technologies, the publication of compromising materials on the Internet with their subsequent legalization in the Ukrainian mass media, etc. The special feature of the development of the political process in Ukraine is the use of «dirty» technologies associated with the artificial aggravation of inter-regional contradictions. Their use has become widespread since the early 2000s and lasted until the beginning of the dramatic events connected with the annexation of Crimea and the exclusion of the Eastern territories of the country by an external aggressor. The main direction technologies of the political power legitimation is their virtualization and symbolic regulation, the content of which depends on the characteristics legitimate periods of functioning of the political power in Ukraine. The current stage of the political power legitimation in Ukraine, which began with the overthrow of the regime of Yanukovych, certifies the playback of her previous technologies of democratic reforms’ imitation.

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2 Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

1 Studia Politologiczne

2 Чубаєвський В.

1 Бортніков В.

1 Тхабисимов Х. А.

1 Тхабисимова Л. А.

1 2016

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Политические партии в избирательном процессе субъектов Российской Федерации

Електоральна легітимація влади в умовах демократичної трансформації

Теоретико-методологічниі аспекти технологій легітимації політичної влади в Україні