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1

Kouření tabáku a motivace ke změně v souvislosti s těhotenstvím

100%

Šídová M., Šťastná L.

Psychologie a její kontexty

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 2

47-72

EN

Pregnancy is a period, which is an opportunity for any change due to its character and effect of the baby-to-be on its mother, including a change in smoking behaviour. A pregnant woman usually wishes that her baby is healthy and smoking is generally known, from professional and daily press, to represent a significant health risk for both a pregnant woman and her unborn baby. Pregnancy offers a motivation shift for many women, which helps them to quit smoking and continue with their abstinence during pregnancy. Pregnancy is the most opportune period and a unique chance for motivation of pregnant women to cease smoking, as most women accept health perspectives of protection of their motherhood. It was discovered that even the fact that the future baby will see its mother smoking motivated women to quit smoking. Methods. Quantitative questionnaire survey. The questionnaire consists of parts dealing with anamnesis, motivation for change of smoking behaviour and Fagerström test of nicotine addiction. The motivation part was inspired by Reasons for Quitting Scale (RFQ). Evaluation took place by means of descriptive statistics and nonparametric statistic tests. Sample. The work analyses two groups of pregnant women - electronic group (collection by means of a web form, N = 96) and clinical group (collection on the Gynaecological-birth Clinic of the 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, N = 40). The groups are divided into 4 subgroups according to the current smoking behaviour of the respondents. Respondents fill in a different extent of the questionnaire according to their current smoking behaviour. Results. Prevalence of smoking in pregnancy is 21 % in the electronic group and a 8 % in the clinical group. All respondents with smoking in their anamnesis made a change in their smoking behaviour related to pregnancy (ceased smoking or limited their smoking). The crucial motive for change of smoking habits in pregnancy is the health of the unborn baby. Motivation of women from various groups of smoking behaviour differs at least in the dimension of internal motivation. A half of women, who keep smoking in pregnancy, show just a little or none physical addiction to nicotine. Discussion. A high difference in prevalence between both study groups can be explained by the size of the groups, which also represents a certain limitation for the study results. The difference may also be caused by the fact that findings related to the electronic group may be burdened by the manner of their collection. A problem related to quitting smoking in pregnancy, the existence of which was confirmed, is continued abstinence after giving birth, when both the motives from the external surroundings and pregnancy-specific motives cease to apply. It might be assumed that women, who do not quit smoking in pregnancy despite its high motivation potential, will not quit smoking, as they are heavily addicted to nicotine and they are not able to quit smoking because of their physical addiction. However, study findings do not support this assumption. A half of the respondents, who did not quit smoking in pregnancy, shows just a little or none physical addiction to nicotine. In these women, the obstacles too difficult to overcome in their efforts to quit smoking are the psychosocial addiction components rather than a physical addiction to nicotine. Conclusion. All respondents with smoking in their anamnesis made a change in their smoking behaviour (ceased smoking or limited their smoking). Therefore, pregnancy really is a period with a strong motivation potential for change of smoking habits of a woman - a mother to be.

2

Modeling of the Excise Taxation Influence on Components of Human Potential

88%

Londar S., Kozarezenko L.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 4

95-116

EN

The purpose of the research is analysis of a model of influence of excise tax rate increase for tobacco products in Ukraine on financial indices of state funds, prevalence of tobacco smoking, and indices of society health. Due to the results of research, the author determined the opportunities of the excise tax for tobacco smoking prevalence regulation in Ukraine. The dynamics of changes of specific and ad valorem rates of the excise tax and the dynamics of its contribution to the revenues of the State Budget of Ukraine were analyzed. The author estimated the changes of tobacco smoking prevalence in Ukraine on the basis of an adapted imitation model under conditions of increase of excise tax rates to the level of rates of the European Union countries. The research shows the excise tax is an effective financial regulator of tobacco smoking prevalence in Ukraine and it influences a population health condition. Increase of the excise tax rates causes reduction of amounts of tobacco product consumption and decrease of the share of smoking adults. Gradual increase of the Ukrainian rates to the level of the EU before 2018 may allow pulling from 1.0 to 1.9 million of people through premature death. Aside from a positive social effect of health enhancement, increase of the share of excise tax within a structure of a retail price of tobacco products will positively influence the growth of tax incomings to the State Budget. Consequently, under the Ukrainian contemporary economic environment the excise tax is an effective financial regulator of tobacco smoking prevalence.

3

Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of daily cigarette smoking in Poland: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2009–2010)

88%

Kaleta D., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E., Fronczak A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2012

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vol. 25

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issue 2

126-136

EN

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of daily cigarette smoking among adults in Poland. Materials and Methods: A nationally representative household study was implemented between 2009 and 2010 to explore smoking pattern among the population aged 15 years and older. The smoking status and socio-demographic data were determined based on the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) questionnaire. Out of the 14 000 households selected for the survey, 7840 sampled persons completed the interviews, including 2162 respondents who declared daily smoking of cigarettes. Logistic regression models were applied to assess factors related to daily cigarette smoking. Results: Over 33% of men and 21% of women (p < 0.01) reported tobacco smoking on a daily basis. The significantly higher risk of smoking on a daily basis was observed among the male and female 20–59 years of age compared to the 60 or older population (p < 0.05). For men and women with the lower educational (primary/vocational/secondary) level, the risk of smoking was significantly higher than for the subjects with university degree (p < 0.05). The unemployed men smoked daily significantly more frequently than the employed ones (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4–2.4). This association was not observed among women (p > 0.05). The residents of urban areas smoked significantly more frequently than people living in rural settings (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Actions to tackle socio-economic inequalities in smoking need to be intensified. The antismoking efforts should be focused on the population of Poles at large and people with lower educational levels, unemployed men, and residents of large urban settings in particular. The tobacco control interventions should also address the population of women at reproductive age.

4

Health and life style-related determinants of survival rate in the male residents of the city of Łódź

75%

Śmigielski J., Bielecki W., Drygas W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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vol. 26

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issue 3

337-348

EN

Introduction: The article presents a selected part of an analysis of health- and lifestyle-related determinants of the longevity of male residents of the city of Łódź. The WHO strategy for the European region assumes that the term ‘lifestyle' refers to the way of life based on the association between conditions of life understood in a broad sense and individual patterns of behaviour determined by socio-cultural factors and individual features. On this basis, the aim of this study is to identify the multiple statistical relationships on the mortality of men living in Łódź, particularly the influence of the following variables on the probability of survival: age, subjective health assessment, nutritional habits, alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking. Materials and Methods: The study sample (1004 respondents) was selected, and the study was carried out, based on the standards of the CINDI WHO Programme. The investigations included socio-demographic data, health status, lifestyle and anthropometric measurements. Results: From the results of the first- study performed in Poland of the longevity of men with identified risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, it has been found that: 1) Tobacco smoking has a negative influence on male longevity; 2) Alcohol consumed in moderate amounts favours male longevity; 3) The level of physical activity observed among the studied men was too low to affect longevity; 4) A diet rich in fish and consumption of yellow cheese are positive predictors of longevity, while additional use of table salt at meals and consumption of sweets (cakes) are negative ones. Conclusions: Risky lifestyles and a reluctance to abandon them are responsible for a shorter lifespan among men in Poland. Reducing this difference between women and men is a real challenge for public health professionals and preventive medicine specialists.

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ПОШИРЕНІСТЬ ПОВЕДІНКОВИХ ЧИННИКІВ РИЗИКУ СЕРЕД ПІДЛІТКІВ УКРАЇНИ

75%

Ольга Б., Оксана Д., Ольга Р., Катерина Ш.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2017

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issue 4(68)

3-12

EN

The aim of article is to study the dissemination of behavioral risk factors among the Ukrainian adolescents. Methods. Sociological and mathematic methods. Results. According to WHO Ukraine occupies 7th place in the world on the level of dissemination of tobacco smoking among adult population and 3rd place in Europe on the dissemination of tobacco smoking among adolescents. In the period since 1999 to 2014 three series of international surveys (ESPAD, GYTS, HBSC) were carried out in Ukraine. The surveys contained the questions on smoking. All interviews were conducted among children of different school age. The European region was the leader in distribution of cigarette smoking (19,2 %), followed by Americas (14,4 %) and Western Pacific regions (13,4 %). The lowest levels of cigarette smoking have been identified in the Southeast (5,9 %) and the Mediterranean (4,9 %) regions of WHO. The positive tendency of reducing of tobacco smoking among groups of population of different age is shown. However, key indicators are too high: 48,5 % of students had ever tried to smoke cigarettes, 28,8 % of respondents initiated smoking before age ten; 3,7 % always have or feel like having a cigarette first thing in the morning; besides cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, mini-cigars become more popular among the adolescents smokers (to 7,2 %), shiha (waterpipes) – 8,0 %; over one in five students live in homes where others smoke, number of students smoked at their homes increased more than twice as large (from 5,7 % to 12,1 %, p≤0,01); 55,3 % of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking next year. In addition to tobacco, alcohol is the second common habit among today’s adolescents. According to the Institute for Social and Forensic Psychiatry and Toxicology, Ministry of Health of Ukraine 22,0 % of schoolchildren and students drink alcohol on a daily basis or several times a week. Conclusion. The high prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption among adolescents in Ukraine requires the development and introduction of new effective preventive measures aimed at the formation of health-behavior of young people. It is important to start preventive measures in advance of the onset of risk behavior.

6

The effect of selected lifestyle factors and diet on mortality of men with documented physical fitness in the city of Łódź

75%

Śmigielski J., Jeger A., Hanke W., Bielecki W., Drygas W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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vol. 26

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issue 4

535-544

EN

Introduction: It is still uncertain if having at least moderate physical fitness is a necessary and sufficient condition for lowering the risk of death. The aforementioned statement constituted the basis for undertaking the study concerning the effect of particular health-related behaviours on the likelihood of survival in subjects with a moderate and high physical fitness. Materials and Methods: The study sample, i.e. 204 men aged 30-59 years living in Łódź, Poland, was selected within the CINDI WHO Programme and examined over the years 1980-1990 and 2003-2004. In each subject approximate values of one week energy expenditures associated with performing physical exercise of at least moderate intensity (> 1000 kcal/week) were estimated. Physical efficiency in the study group was evaluated basing on the results of the submaximal effort test. Information about selected socio-demographic characteristics, consumption of alcohol, cigarette smoking and diet was gathered. The vital status of the examined sample was checked in 2009. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify factors which influence the survival of examined population. Results: The probability of death was more than fourfold higher in the case of individuals who eat "beef or pork meat", as compared to those who consumed these products rarely or never. On the other hand, the subjects who declared regular consumption of yellow cheese had nearly fourfold lower death probability. Current smoking was found to be a significant negative risk factor while moderate consumption of beer a protective one. The level of physical fitness ($\text{V}_\text{O2max}$) did not significantly influence mortality. Conclusions: The results of the performed analyses indicate negative effect associated with consumption of beef/pork meat and smoking. Furthermore, the data pertaining to the consumption of yellow cheese as a potent protective factor for men's health requires further verification. The possibility that it is some lifestyle proxy rather than a causal factor can not be excluded.

7

Benzene exposure from the BP refinery flaring incident alters hematological and hepatic functions among smoking subjects

75%

D'Andrea M. A., Reddy G. K.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2017

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vol. 30

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issue 6

849-860

EN

Objectives To evaluate the health effects of benzene exposure among smoking subjects from a prolonged flaring incident that occurred at the British Petroleum (BP) refinery in Texas City, USA. Material and Methods The study included smoking subjects who had been exposed and unexposed to the benzene release. Using medical charts, clinical data including white blood cell (WBC) counts, platelet counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the case of smoking subjects exposed to benzene was reviewed and analyzed. Results A total of 791 tobacco smoking subjects (benzene-exposed: N = 733, unexposed: N = 58) were included. Benzene-exposed subjects had significantly higher levels of WBC (×103/μl) counts (8±2.1 vs. 7.5±1.6, p = 0.003) and platelet (×103/μl) counts (263.7±69.7 vs. 222.9±44.3, p = 0.000) as compared with the unexposed subjects. The mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, BUN, and creatinine levels did not differ significantly between the benzene-exposed and -unexposed smoking subjects. Serum levels of ALP (IU/l) was significantly elevated in the benzene-exposed subjects compared with the unexposed subjects (84.5±16.9 vs. 73.8±15.9, p = 0.002). Similarly, benzene-exposed subjects had significantly higher levels of AST and ALT as compared with those unexposed subjects. Conclusions Despite a smoking history, residents exposed to benzene from the prolonged BP flaring incident experienced significant alterations in hematological and hepatic functions indicating their vulnerability to the risk of developing hepatic or blood related disorders. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(6):849–860

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Zarządzanie paleniem tytoniu w jednostkach służby więziennej – opis i efekty programu promocji zdrowia

51%

Puchalski K., Korzeniowska E.

Medycyna Pracy

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2016

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vol. 67

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issue 5

605-621

EN

Background In 2014 the health promotion program aimed at managing personnel smoking was implemented in the Polish prison service (PS) in cooperation with the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM). It combined education of managers, encouraging them to implement good practices, with employees’ education. This paper describes the process of implementation and its effects in 159 units of PS, against the data on the management of smoking in medium and large companies in Poland gathered in 2010. Material and Methods Situations concerning smoking management in PS units before and after a half-year program implementation were compared. Data were gathered using self-diagnosis questionnaires (initial and final assessments) collectively filled in by representatives of management and employees. Results Due to the program implementation there was an increase in the percentage of PS units with known number of smoking employees (19% vs. 61%), consultions on formal smoking regulations with personnel (14% vs. 57%), minimal antismoking medical interventions (46% vs. 59%), and assessments of effects of antismoking activities (14% vs. 55%). There was also increase in the number of PS units with personnel totally obeying smoking regulations (28% vs. 41%) and decrease in those where such rules are not completely met (9% vs. 7%). In 3/4 PS units there was an increase in employees’ interest in quitting smoking and in 40% of them employees smoke less at work. Almost every second unit has set up a health promotion team. Conclusions In many aspects the program has brought along satisfying effects and allowed for depicting areas of improvement. Its scheme and tools can be used, after adaptation, in interventions concerning other health problems in workplaces. Med Pr 2016;67(5):605–621

PL

Wstęp W 2014 r. w służbie więziennej (SW) w Polsce, przy współpracy z Instytutem Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera (IMP), wdrożono oparty na koncepcji promocji zdrowia program zarządzania paleniem tytoniu przez personel. Program łączył edukację kadry zarządzającej, motywującą ją do implementowania dobrych praktyk, z edukacją pracowników. W artykule omówiono przebieg wdrożenia i jego efekty w 159 jednostkach SW w zestawieniu z danymi z 2010 r. o profilaktyce palenia realizowanej w średnich i dużych zakładach pracy w Polsce. Materiał i metody W jednostkach SW porównano sytuację dotyczącą zarządzania paleniem tytoniu sprzed wdrożenia programu ze stanem po jego półrocznej implementacji. Informacje zebrano za pomocą kwestionariuszy autodiagnozy (wstępnej i podsumowującej), kolektywnie wypełnianych przez przedstawicieli kadry i personelu. Wyniki W efekcie wdrożenia wzrósł odsetek jednostek SW, w których kadra zna liczbę pracowników palących papierosy (z 19% do 61%), formalne uregulowania palenia konsultuje się z personelem (z 14% do 57%), prowadzi się minimalną interwencję lekarską (z 46% do 59%) i ocenia skutki działań dotyczących tytoniu (z 14% do 55%). Wzrosła liczba jednostek, w których personel w pełni respektuje uregulowania palenia (z 28% do 41%), natomiast zmniejszył się odsetek tych, w których takie regulacje nie są w pełni zgodne z prawem (z 9% do 7%). W 3/4 jednostek wzrosło zainteresowanie pracowników rzuceniem palenia, a w 40% jednostek mniej palą oni w pracy. W co 2. jednostce powstał zespół do spraw promocji zdrowia. Wnioski Program w wielu aspektach przyniósł zadowalające efekty i pozwolił wskazać kierunki udoskonalenia. Schemat działania i narzędzia można, po adaptacji, wykorzystać w interwencjach dotyczących innych problemów zdrowotnych w zakładach pracy. Med. Pr. 2016;67(5):605–621

9

Disordered eating, amenorrhea, and substance use and misuse among professional ballet dancers: Preliminary analysis

51%

Peric M., Zenic N., Sekulic D., Kondric M., Zaletel P.

Medycyna Pracy

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2016

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vol. 67

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issue 1

21-27

PL

Wstęp Używanie i nadużywanie substancji psychoaktywnych i przeciwbólowych (substance use and misuse – SUM), zaburzenia odżywiania (eating disorders – ED) i w konsekwencji brak miesiączki (amenorrhea – AM) często występują u profesjonalnych tancerek baletowych. Celem badania było określenie związku między SUM, ED i AM oraz częstości ich występowania u baletnic. Materiał i metody Zbadano 21 profesjonalnych tancerek baletowych w wieku 23,1±4,5 roku z chorwackiego Zespołu Baletu Narodowego. W badaniu wykorzystano Kwestionariusz Używania Substancji Psychoaktywnych (Questionnaire on Substance Use – QSU) i Skrócony Kwestionariusz Zaburzeń Odżywiania u Sportowców (Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire – BEDA-Q). Wyniki Badanie wykazało, że 40% tancerek paliło papierosy (25% codziennie), 36% często używało środków przeciwbólowych, a 25% upijało się przynajmniej raz w miesiącu. Rzadziej upijały się i paliły baletnice z wyższym wykształceniem (odpowiednio: r = 0,60 i r = 0,54; p < 0,05) niż bez wyższego wykształcenia. Konsumpcja alkoholu była natomiast większa u tancerek częściej używających leków przeciwbólowych i tych, które uzyskały wyższy wynik kwestionariusza BEDA-Q (odpowiednio: r = 0,53 i r = 0,54; p < 0,05), niż u tych, które używały leków przeciwbólowych rzadziej, i tych z niższym wynikiem BEDA-Q. Również brak miesiączki występował częściej u tancerek z wyższym wynikiem BEDA-Q. Baletnice spożywające suplementy diety stosowały środki przeciwbólowe rzadziej (test Manna-Whitneya = 2,11; p < 0,05) niż tancerki niespożywające suplementów. Wnioski Programy zapobiegania zaburzeniom odżywiania wśród tancerek baletowych należy kierować przede wszystkim do spożywających alkohol w dużych ilościach. W przyszłych badaniach szczególnie warto skupić się na zależności między rzadkim używaniem środków przeciwbólowych a stosowaniem suplementów diety. Med. Pr. 2016;67(1):21–27

EN

Background Substance use and misuse (SUM), eating disorders (ED) and consequent amenorrhea (AM) occur frequently in professional ballet dancing. The objective of this study has been to explore the prevalence and association between ED, AM and SUM in ballet. Material and Methods The sample comprised 21 ballet dancers, 23.1±4.5 years old, members of the professional National Ballet Ensemble from Croatia. Variables were collected by questionnaires examining SUM, occurrence of amenorrhea, and corresponding ballet-specific and socio-demographic factors (Questionnaire on Substance Use – QSU) and the level of ED (Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire – BEDA-Q). Results Smoking is prevalent in 40% of dancers (25% smoke on a daily basis), 36% often use analgesics, and 25% engage in binge drinking at least once a month. Smoking and binge drinking are less frequent in ballerinas with a higher academic level (r = 0.60 and r = 0.54 for binge drinking and smoking, respectively; p < 0.05). Alcohol drinking is higher among dancers who consume analgesics more often and those with a higher BEDA-Q score (r = 0.53 and r = 0.54 for analgesics and BEDA-Q, respectively; p < 0.05). Amenorrhea is more prevalent among those dancers with a higher BEDA-Q score. Women who consume nutritional supplements are less likely to use analgesics (Mann Whitney U test = 2.11; p < 0.05). Conclusions Efforts seeking to prevent ED in ballet should target dancers who consume alcohol to a greater extent. Future studies should specifically explore the less frequent consumption of analgesics among dancers who consume nutritional supplements. Med Pr 2016;67(1):21–27

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Kouření tabáku a motivace ke změně v souvislosti s těhotenstvím

Modeling of the Excise Taxation Influence on Components of Human Potential

Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of daily cigarette smoking in Poland: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2009–2010)

Health and life style-related determinants of survival rate in the male residents of the city of Łódź

ПОШИРЕНІСТЬ ПОВЕДІНКОВИХ ЧИННИКІВ РИЗИКУ СЕРЕД ПІДЛІТКІВ УКРАЇНИ

The effect of selected lifestyle factors and diet on mortality of men with documented physical fitness in the city of Łódź

Benzene exposure from the BP refinery flaring incident alters hematological and hepatic functions among smoking subjects

Zarządzanie paleniem tytoniu w jednostkach służby więziennej – opis i efekty programu promocji zdrowia

Disordered eating, amenorrhea, and substance use and misuse among professional ballet dancers: Preliminary analysis