Search results

1

Pojęcie tolerancji w refleksji nad wychowaniem

100%

Salamucha A.

Świat i Słowo

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2009

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vol. Świat i Słowo 2009, nr 1 (12)

161-176

EN

The article concerns the concept of toleration and its paradoxes, which appear in the contemporary Polish educational literature. After the brief presentation of the most important questions about the toleration, the author investigates the concepts of toleration, expressed especially in the literature for teachers, and finally focuses on logical (semiotic) problems of these concepts.

2

Toleration: Conflict Resolution Method in Pluralist Societies or a Tool of Discrimination?

80%

Jarymowicz T.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2020

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vol. 15

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issue 1

27 - 39

EN

The article is an extended argument for a positive conception of toleration. First, it examines and ultimately rejects reductive interpretations of toleration proposed by David Heyd and Wendy Brown that stem from deflationary and deconstructive readings respectively. It is argued that deconstructive reading is not satisfactory because it perpetuates and amplifies rather than solves paradoxes of toleration, whereas Heyd’s reading does not recognise the importance of toleration for political processes. The author advocates a normative conception of toleration proposed by Rainer Forst, instead. Such a regime of toleration is based on the right to justification in which everyone affected should participate in delineating its limits as free and equal citizens. This conception not only solves the paradoxes of toleration but also does justice to its political importance.

3

Do We Need a New Nathan the Wise?

70%

Klug B.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2021

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issue 3

233-248

EN

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s “dramatic poem” Nathan the Wise (1779) stood out at the time because it showed a Jew, Nathan, in a good light—a better light than the average Christian. Nathan is presented as a figure of wisdom largely on account of his approach to religious difference, especially among the religions represented by the three main protagonists: the Sultan Saladin (Islam), the Knight Templar (Christianity) and Nathan himself (Judaism). In the context of the conflicts of early modern Europe, his message—on the nature of religious difference and the need for toleration—might well seem to earn him the epithet “wise.” This message, which is also the message of the play as a whole, is reinforced by the fact that it is a Jew who delivers it. But, on closer examination, is he the person that at first sight he appears to be? Furthermore, if he were teleported to the here and now, would his take on difference and toleration have enough heft? The essay interrogates the figure of Nathan and answers both questions in the negative. It argues that we need a new Nathan for our globalised, post-colonial, postShoah world: a Nathan who is wise in a different fashion.

4

God and Toleration

70%

Xunwu C.

Forum Philosophicum

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2010

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vol. 15

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issue 2

335-353

EN

The enduring debate on the question of whether an omnipotent, omniscient God exists amid the existence of evils in the world is crucial to understanding religions. Much recent discussion has taken an approach in which the focal question is whether we can cognitively—for example, logically, evidentially, and the like—and rationally justify that God’s full power and full goodness cannot be doubted amid the existence of evils. In this paper I argue that we can reasonably assume that God exists in an evil-afflicted world if he chooses to do so and if he tolerates evils. We can reasonably argue that he does exist in an evil-afflicted world because he chooses to tolerate evils for whatever reasons. I would like to make a stronger claim: he tolerates evils in order to give humankind a chance to grow in knowledge of good and evils by combating evils, which implies that his toleration of evils imposes a task on humankind to combat evils.

5

“Beyde borghers, beyde leken, en van al de rest ghelijck, buyten geus en catholijck”. Het beeld van omgangsoecumeniciteit in de Roomsche reijs en Extractum katholicum van Joannes Stalpart van der Wiele

70%

Polkowski M.

Neerlandica Wratislaviensia

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2019

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vol. 29

179-203

EN

The research presented in this article demonstrates the application of the imagological method to an analysis of the portrayal of interconfessional relations in 17th-century Dutch religious polemic literature by a Roman Catholic author, the priest Joannes Stalpart van der Wiele. The aim of this research is above all to identify how informal contacts between Catholics and non-Catholics were depicted in a literary discourse. The analysis focuses on Stalpart’s two texts, Roomsche reijs (Journey to Rome) and Extractum katholicum (Catholic extract), to identify images which may be classified as showing “interconfessional conviviality” and omgangsoecumene, twin concepts postulated by Willem Frijhoff. By pointing to the existence of themes related to religious toleration in the work of Stalpart van der Wiele, an author not associated with such ideas, a change of emphasis in the image of his oeuvre may be achieved.

6

Wołanie na tumult. Prolegomena do badań nad przemocą w stosunkach międzywyznaniowych w Rzeczypospolitej w XVI i XVII wieku

70%

Hryniewicz I., Warszawski U.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

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2013

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vol. 21

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issue 3

EN

In this article the nature of religious violence is discussed with particular reference to the work and deeds of a Polish court preacher, Piotr Skarga. The author tries to place the aforementioned phenomenon in a wider cultural context. Drawing from a wide range of sociological and anthropological studies and proposing to understand violence not merely as an act of physical aggression, but also as a process of dehumanizing the enemy and thus making him/her liable to physical harm. The author argues that violence is intrinsic to the world of divided religious communities and can be considered by its perpetrators as an act of piety and doing God’s work. In the Polish context Piotr Skarga was one of the main representatives of this attitude.

7

Uwagi o manipulowaniu znaczeniami słów

57%

Polanowska-Sygulska B.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

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2019

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vol. 9

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issue 1

103-122

EN

On manipulating the meaning of words: the strategy of distorting the meaning of concepts in order to redirect people’s attitudes has been put in practice by ideologists and politicians for years. the paper focuses on the refections of selected thinkers and men of letters on this phenomenon. intellectual contributions of isaiah Berlin, Friedrich a. Hayek, leszek Kołakowski and charles l. stevenson on the one hand, and the considerations of george orwell, aldous Huxley, ayn Rand, sławomir mrożek and małgorzata musierowicz on the other hand are analysed. some recent incarnations of the tactics of perverting the meaning of words in recent political discourse in poland are critically examined. special attention is given to the manipulating the meaning of “paedophilia” in the context of the nationwide discussion on child sexual abuse in the catholic church. it is concluded that the dishonourable practice of verbal misrepresentation used under communism is at work again, this time in even more sophisticated form.

8

From Toleration to Laïcité: Bayle, Voltaire and the Declaration of the Rights of Man

51%

Stenger G.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2021

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issue 2

145-161

EN

This paper traces the history of the philosophical and political justification of religious tolerance from the late 17th century to modern times. In the Anglo-Saxon world, John Locke’s Letter Concerning Toleration (1689) gave birth to the doctrine of the separation of Church and State and to what is now called secularization. In France, Pierre Bayle refuted, in his Philosophical Commentary (1685), the justification of intolerance taken from Saint Augustine. Following him, Voltaire campaigned for tolerance following the Calas affair (1763), and the Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789) imposed religious freedom which, a century later, resulted in the uniquely French notion of laïcité, which denies religion any supremacy, and any right to organize life in its name. Equality before the law takes precedence over freedom: the fact of being a believer does not give rise to the right to special statutes or to exceptions to the law.

9

Формирование межпоколенной толерантности у молодежи и пожилых людей

51%

Nadeżda Leonyuk N.

Scientific Bulletin of Chełm - Section of Pedagogy

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2012

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issue 1

61-66

EN

The article deals with the social and psychological approaches to the problem of intergenerational relations, the significance and relevance of tolerance in intergenerational interaction as an important condition for the development of modern society are determined, the basic mechanisms of tolerance are revealed, also on the grounds of the results of empirical research the practical opportunities of reducing the gap between generations, forming the culture of interpersonal relations and tolerance in the process of joint creative work of youth and older people are substantiated.

10

Separating Politics from Institutional Religion: The Significance of John Locke’s Theory of Toleration

51%

Lucci D.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2021

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issue 2

67-87

EN

Nowadays, more than three centuries after John Locke’s affirmation of the separation between state and church, confessional systems of government are still widespread and, even in secular liberal democracies, politics and religion often intermingle. As a result, some ecclesiastical institutions play a significant role in political affairs, while minority groups and individuals having alternative worldviews, values, and lifestyles are frequently discriminated against. Locke’s theory of religious toleration undeniably has some shortcomings, such as the exclusion of Roman Catholics and atheists from toleration and an emphasis on organized religion in A Letter Concerning Toleration (1689). However, Locke’s theory of toleration, which presents a Christian’s defense of the civil rights of those who have different religious opinions, still provides powerful arguments for the oft-neglected separation of politics from institutional religion, thereby urging us to leave theological dogmas and ecclesiastical authorities out of political life.

11

Possibility of Inter-Religious Dialogue: Structural and Formal Conditions

51%

Mitias M. H.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2016

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issue 4

25-47

EN

In this paper the author explores the conditions under which inter-religious dialogue can be a transformative process not only of the interlocutor’s understanding of the be-liefs and values of the religiously different other but also her attitude toward him or her. The proposition elucidated and defended is that, to be transformative, the dialogue should be God-centered, objective, empathic, and it should be grounded in the values of equality, respect, and toleration. The paper is composed of two parts. The first is devot-ed to an analysis of the concept of dialogue in general and of inter-religious dialogue in particular: What are the structural elements of dialogue between (a) individuals and (b) religious communities? The second part is devoted to an analysis of the conditions under which inter-religious dialogue can be a transformative process. The focus in this analysis is on the following question: What does it take for a person who has grown up in a certain religion, who understands herself and in fact lives from the standpoint that religion, to discern the religious truth proclaimed by another religion, to comprehend it, appreciate it, assent to it, and incorporate it in the structure of her mind or worldview? We may construct a formidable strategy, one that wins the blessing of reason, still, the question remains: How can a community, which tends to be exclusivist in its religious orientation, change its understanding of God or attitude toward the religious different other?

12

Co jest sugestywne i aktualne w myśli Bartolomé de las Casasa?

41%

López Sastre G.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio I – Philosophia-Sociologia

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2017

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vol. 42

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issue 2

EN

In this article we present the theory of religious tolerance of Bartolomé de las Casas, his criticism of the use of violence as an instrument of conversion, and the elements of his thinking that contribute to the elaboration of the ideal of human rights. In this way we try to demonstrate the present value of his ideas.

ES

En este artículo analizamos la teoría de la tolerancia religiosa de Bartolomé de las Casas, sus críticas al uso de la violencia como instrumento de conversión, y los elementos de su pensamiento que conducen a la elaboración del ideal de los derechos humanos. Con ello pretendemos demostrar la actualidad de sus planteamientos.

PL

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiamy teorię tolerancji religijnej Bartolomé de las Casasa, jego krytykę użycia przemocy jako narzędzia przekształcenia oraz elementy jego myślenia, które przyczyniają się do wypracowania ideału praw człowieka. W ten sposób staramy się pokazać aktualną wartość jego pomysłów.

13

Irenicism and Ecumenism in the Early Modern World: A Reevaluation

41%

Louthan H.

Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce

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2017

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vol. 61

PL

Artykuł proponuje nową próbę oceny nowożytnego irenizmu. Irenizm i ekumenizm, dawniej stanowiące istotne obszary zainteresowań badaczy dziejów reformacji, zostały z czasem zepchnięte na margines. Wykazuję, że zmiana ta jest częścią szerszego zjawiska w obrębie badań nad historią religii, oddalających się coraz bardziej od ujęć metodologicznych osadzonych w antropologii. W odpowiedzi artykuł niniejszy oferuje przegląd wiadomości o irenizmie epoki nowożytnej i stawia nowe pytania, a wszystko to dla lepszego zrozumienia dynamiki tych znaczących przemian. The article offers a reassessment of early modern irenicism. Irenicism and ecumenism, which were once significant areas of study for Reformation specialists, have drifted to the scholarly margins. I argue that this shift is part of a broader phenomenon connected to the study of religion that draws increasingly more from anthropologically based methodologies. In response, the article provides an overview of irenicism in the early modern world and proposes a new set of questions to help us better understand this important dynamic today.

14

Spinoza’s Defense of Toleration: The Argument From Pluralism

41%

Kisner M. J.

Roczniki Filozoficzne

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2022

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vol. 70

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issue 4

213-235

PL

Odważna i zdecydowana obrona tolerancji stanowi ważny wątek Traktatu teologiczno-politycznego (TTP) Spinozy i jeden z powodów znaczącego historycznego wpływu tego tekstu. Nie jest jednak łatwo sprecyzować argumenty Spinozy na rzecz tolerancji. Zgodnie z tytułem, TTP zawiera dwa główne argumenty na rzecz tolerancji: polityczny i teologiczny. Autor niniejszego artykułu argumentuje, że teologiczny argument Spinozy za tolerancją jest ściśle związany z odrębnym i często pomijanym argumentem z pluralizmu. Artykuł zawiera analizę Spinozjańskiego argumentu z pluralizmu i broni tezy, że argument ten jest bardziej atrakcyjny niż zbliżone do niego argumenty na rzecz tolerancji podane przez Bodina i Bayle’a, ponieważ Spinoza dopuszcza możliwość, że przekonania i doktryny religijne mają racjonalne uzasadnienie, co pozwala z większym optymizmem patrzeć na przyszłość sporów religijnych. Spinozjański argument z pluralizmu jest również bardziej atrakcyjny niż argument Bayle’a, ponieważ Spinoza nie uznaje przekonań religijnych za uzasadnione na mocy ich szczerości, co zwalnia go od konieczności uznania problematycznych praw błądzącego sumienia. Ponadto Spinoza nie jest zmuszony do traktowania jako uzasadnionych szczerych przekonań prześladowców ani przekonań jawnie niemoralnych czy niereligijnych.

EN

Spinoza’s bold, spirited defense of toleration is an animating theme of the Theological-Political Treatise (TTP) and an important reason for the significant historical impact of the text. But Spinoza’s arguments for toleration can be challenging to discern. True to its title, the TTP offers two main arguments for toleration, one political, the other theological. This paper argues that Spinoza’s theological argument for toleration is closely connected to a distinct and often overlooked argument from pluralism. This paper examines Spinoza’s argument from pluralism and defends that it is more attractive to similar arguments for toleration offered by Bodin and Bayle. It is more attractive than Bodin’s pluralism argument because Spinoza’s allows that religious beliefs and doctrines of faith have a rational justification, which makes possible a more optimistic picture of the prospects for religious disputation. Spinoza’s pluralism argument is also more attractive than Bayle’s argument because Spinoza’s does not regard religious beliefs as justified by sincerity, which means that he does not need to recognize any problematic rights of erroneous conscience, nor is he forced to accept as justified sincere beliefs in persecution or obviously immoral or irreligious beliefs.

15

Arguing for Freedom of Religion

31%

Guyer P.

Roczniki Filozoficzne

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2022

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vol. 70

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issue 4

365-394

PL

W tytule tekstu mowa o „wolności religii”, a nie o „tolerancji”, ponieważ za wzorem XVIII-wiecznego pisarza Christopha Martina Wielanda, traktuję „tolerancję” jako oznaczającą dar czy pobłażliwość okazaną mniejszości przez większość, podczas gdy prawdziwa wolność religii pozwoliłaby każdemu w równym stopniu – lub w równym stopniu zabroniła – wyznawać i praktykować religię wedle własnego upodobania. Autor omawia trzy różne, znane z historii sposoby argumentacji za wolnością religii: na podstawie przesłanki przyjmowanej w ramach jednej z religii i postulującej wolność od innych religii (strategia Locke’a, Madisona i Mendhelssona); na podstawie przesłanki o niepewności wszystkich przekonań religijnych, która przemawia za równą wolnością (Bayle i Wieland); na podstawie elementarnego wymogu jednakowej wolności dla wszystkich, bez odwoływania się do wolności religii, choć z pociągającego w konsekwencji wolność w kwestiach religijnych, podobnie jak w innych (Hutcheson, Meier, Kant). To ostatnie podejście może być najatrakcyjniejsze z filozoficznego punktu widzenia, choć ze zrozumiałych względów dwa pierwsze style argumentacji miały wiele zalet w kontekście historycznym, i wciąż mogą się okazać przydatne.

EN

My title is “Arguing for Freedom of Religion,” not for “Toleration,” because I follow the eighteenth-century writer Christoph Martin Wieland in taking “toleration" to connote a gift or indulgence from a majority to a minority, whereas true freedom of religion would put everybody on the same plane to believe and practice religion as they see fit, or not at all. I consider three historically distinct ways of arguing for freedom of religion: from a premise held by one religion that requires freedom from others (the strategy of Locke, Madison, and Mendelssohn); from a premise about the uncertainty of all religious beliefs which calls for equal freedom (Bayle and Wieland); or from a fundamental requirement of equal freedom for all, with no premise about religion although it entails freedom in religious matters as in other things (Hutcheson, Meier, Kant). The latter approach may be most appealing from a purely philosophical point of view, but the former styles of argument have obviously had much to recommend them in historical contexts, and may still be useful.

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Pojęcie tolerancji w refleksji nad wychowaniem

Toleration: Conflict Resolution Method in Pluralist Societies or a Tool of Discrimination?

Do We Need a New Nathan the Wise?

God and Toleration

“Beyde borghers, beyde leken, en van al de rest ghelijck, buyten geus en catholijck”. Het beeld van omgangsoecumeniciteit in de Roomsche reijs en Extractum katholicum van Joannes Stalpart van der Wiele

Wołanie na tumult. Prolegomena do badań nad przemocą w stosunkach międzywyznaniowych w Rzeczypospolitej w XVI i XVII wieku

Uwagi o manipulowaniu znaczeniami słów

From Toleration to Laïcité: Bayle, Voltaire and the Declaration of the Rights of Man

Формирование межпоколенной толерантности у молодежи и пожилых людей

Separating Politics from Institutional Religion: The Significance of John Locke’s Theory of Toleration

Possibility of Inter-Religious Dialogue: Structural and Formal Conditions

Co jest sugestywne i aktualne w myśli Bartolomé de las Casasa?

Irenicism and Ecumenism in the Early Modern World: A Reevaluation

Spinoza’s Defense of Toleration: The Argument From Pluralism

Arguing for Freedom of Religion