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EN
Trafficking in human beings is one of the most serious transnational organized crime. Despite increased international efforts and resources from states and international organizations, the number of people falling victim to human trafficking worldwide continues to grow. Data on the prevalence of this crime show that the majority of its victims are women and girls – they account for 80% of victims. The above‑mentioned statistics justify the thesis that this form of human rights violation is gender‑determined and as such constitutes discrimination against women. The aim of the article to present and analyze sources of international and European law as a response of the international community to the trafficking in women in human rights perspective. To increase the effectiveness of legal instruments on preventing and combating the offence at issue, account should be taken of both the specificity of women as victims of trafficking and a victim‑centred approach to the human trafficking crime. Only then anti‑trafficking measures won’t adversely affect the human rights and dignity of those who have been trafficked.
EN
The article presents matter of victim psychology. Victimology is the scientific study of victimization including the relationships between victims and offenders, the interaction between victims and the criminal system and the connections between victims and other societal groups and institution. The report is focused on the victims of trafficking in women for the purpose of sexual exploitation and on the victim personality, victim’s behaviour and psychological support.
PL
Artykuł omawia genezę i początki działalności pierwszego na ziemiach polskich Żydowskiego Stowarzyszenia na Rzecz Ochrony Kobiet, założonego w Warszawie w roku 1904. Chociaż społeczeństwo żydowskie zmagało się z rosnącym zjawiskiem prostytucji i handlu kobietami, Stowarzyszenie nie otrzymało wsparcia ani nie doczekało się oznak zainteresowania ze strony żydowskiej opinii publicznej. W rzeczywistości organizacja była szeroko krytykowana, a jej niezdolność do rozwiązania problemu „białego niewolnictwa” była jedną z przyczyn wybuchu przemocy ulicznej w Warszawie w 1905 r., tzw. pogromu sutenerów. Autorka starała się ustalić, dlaczego organizacja była krytykowana i marginalizowana w żydowskim życiu społecznym, a także odpowiedzieć na pytanie, co doprowadziło do ostatecznej porażki jej misji.
EN
The article discusses the origins and the beginnings of the first Jewish Association for the Protection of Women in Poland, founded in Warsaw in 1904. Although the Jewish society struggled with the growing phenomenon of prostitution and trafficking in women, the Association did not receive support or showed any signs of interest from the Jewish public opinion. In fact, the organisation was widely criticised and its inability to solve the problem of "white slavery" was one of the reasons for the outbreak of street violence in Warsaw in 1905, the so-called pogrom of pimps. The author tried to examine why the organisation was criticised and marginalised in Jewish social life, and to answer the question of what led to the ultimate failure of its mission.
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