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PL
This paper deals with the dramatization of Virgil’s Aeneid created in Frankfurt am Meinz in the second half of the 16th century by Ioannes Lucienbergius. It discusses the text as a scenic adaptation of Roman epic and as typographic work.
EN
The author draws attention to the fact that in William Shakespeare’s plays characters tell their stories and tales with varying degrees of credibility. In his paper he makes an attempt to reconstruct the actual circumstances of both the storm and shipwreck in The Tempest by analysing all the relevant accounts in the play. While investigating the reliability of the characters’ narratives, the author suggests that Ariel is a spirit whose report of the raised tempest and subsequent shipwreck is partly a trustworthy account and partly a fictitious and misleading tale, which is demonstrated in the course of comparing his words with the other characters’ assertions of what happened in the initial storm.
EN
The tragicomic finale to a costume ball on a ship sailing into night-time darkness was already ‚conceived’ when passengers first stepped onto the gangway. The Cruise is a mix of genres (as was known from the ancient geneological theory of genus mixtum), because situational comedy and sociodrama co-create a genre as broken as tragicomedy, hence „If Rejs is considered a comedy, do not forget that it is a mocking comedy, streaked with despair, as bitter as gall” (Marek Hendrykowski).
EN
The article is devoted to the analysis of the genre specific and the system of images in the tragicomedy “Volodymyr” written by Theofan Prokopovych. It is emphasized on the synthesis of European and authentic traditions in this work. The observance of the principle of unity of place, time and space as the main feature of this drama is determined in the analyzed tragicomedy. The research examines the specificity of the writer’s vision and interpretation of the Christianization of the Kyivan Rus’ in 988 and the introduction of Christianity as the state religion. It is also highlighted the researcher’s observance and non-observance of this historical fact. The peculiarities of creating the system of images presented in a high tragic style and in a low comic style are studied. The projecting of the historical figure of Prince Volodymyr on the Hetman Ivan Mazepa, who was the contemporary of Theofan Prokopovych, is noted. The conclusions about the innovative nature of the work in the context of the development of the Ukrainian Baroque school drama are drawn. The specificity of the genre is manifested through the synthesis of the comic and the serious features. The main characteristics of the tragicomedy are realized at the level of the system of images and an ideological and thematic spectrum.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy uwieńczonej największym sukcesem sztuki teatralnej Janusza Głowackiego – Antygony w Nowym Jorku. Tragikomedia, po raz pierwszy wydana w 1992 roku, przetłumaczona na wiele języków i przedstawiona w wielu krajach, zawiera szeroką ofertę kreacji sensu scenicznego: oprócz referencji do tragedii Sofoklesa są tu aktualne tematy jak temat migracji, bezdomności, ekscesów społeczeństwa konsumpcyjnego i inne. Porównane między sobą wersje dramatu – polska, angielska i niemiecka – wykazują znaczne dywergencje. Przy tym różnice w recepcji owej sztuki teatralnej wynikają nie tylko ze zmian w samym tekście, lecz również z indywidualnej, subiektywnej kondycji czytelników i widzów teatralnych (z ogólnej kompetencji kulturowej, kraju pochodzenia itd.), a również ze zmian politycznych na początku XXI stulecia.
EN
This paper concerns Janusz Głowacki’s up to now most successful theatre play – Antigone in New York. The tragicomedy, published for the first time in 1992, translated into many languages and performed in many countries, contains wide offer for the creation of theatrical sense: besides references to Sophocles’ tragedy Antigone, there are several topical themes such as migration, homelessness, excesses of consumer society etc. Compared to one another, all three language versions of the play (Polish, English and German) show remarkable diversification. The differences in reception of the play stem not only from change in the text itself but also from personal, subjective conditions of readers and theatre-goers alike (i.e., concerning general cultural competence, the country of origin etc.), and also from political change in the beginning of the 21th century.
DE
Dieser Beitrag gilt dem bislang erfolgreichsten Theaterstück von Janusz Głowacki – Antygona w Nowym Jorku (Antigone in New York). Die 1992 erstmals gedruckte, in viele Sprachen übersetzte und in vielen Ländern gespielte Tragikomödie enthält ein breites Angebot zur Schaffung von theatralem Sinn: Neben Bezügen zur Tragödie des Sophokles stehen kohärente aktuelle Themen wie Migration, Obdachlosigkeit, Exzesse der Konsumgesellschaft u. a. Die drei hier miteinander verglichenen Versionen des Stücks, die polnische, englische und deutsche, weisen eine bemerkenswerte Diversifizierung auf. Unterschiede in der Rezeption des Stückes sind dabei nicht allein durch Änderungen am Text, sondern auch durch die persönlichen, subjektiven Bedingungen der Leser und Theaterbesucher (allgemeine kulturelle Kompetenz, Herkunftsland etc.) und auch durch politische Veränderungen im 21. Jhd. gegeben.
EN
The article opens with a brief history of a genre of literary works that blend both tragic and comic elements, the latter of which seem to have been increasingly more prominent in European culture in general. This article examines various functions of the tragic and comic combination in Cervantes’ Don Quixote, some scenes from Shakespeare’s King Lear, and two modern narrative fictions, where the main character is simultaneously heroic and comic, Graham Greene’s Monsignor Quixote and Sławomir Mrożek’s short story The Last Hussar.
7
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Shakespeare’s Mixed Genres

51%
Perspektywy Kultury
|
2023
|
vol. 45
|
issue 2
289-298
PL
Problem transformacji gatunkowych w dramatach Szekspira jest omawiany na podstawie tradycji teoretycznych od Arystotelesa, poprzez pisma Plauta, Cinthia, Castelvetra, Guariniego i Sidneya. Główny problem skupiony jest na mieszaniu wątków komediowych i tragicznych prowadzących do mody na tragikomedię. Szekspirowskie komedie, tragedie, sztuki historyczne i tragedie rzymskie są pokrótce omówione dla zilustrowania szekspirowskich transformacji, które dowodzą, że tradycyjny, wyraźny podział na tragedie, komedie i tragikomedie był zbyt wąski i zbyt ograniczający rozumienie kondycji człowieka w okresie wczesnonowożytnym.
EN
The problem of generic transformations to which Shakespeare’s plays bear witness is discussed against the ancient and early renaissance definitions and discussions of dramatic genres, from Aristotle through Plautus, Cintho, Castelvetro, Guarini to Sidney. The point of interest is located in the fuzziness in which comedy melts with tragedy (or the other way round) and yields in effect a new creation – tragicomedy. The wide range of Shakespearean comedy, tragedy, histories and Roman plays is briefly discussed in order to illustrate Shakespeare’s generic transformations, proving that traditional construction of dramatic genres, i.e., of tragedy, comedy and tragicomedy, was too narrow and too constraining for the early modern understanding of the condition of man.
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