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Orbis Linguarum
|
2018
|
issue 50
225–236
EN
The Sense of Reading: Ways in and out of the Textual Crossroad Considering the questions of encoding and decoding a text in the High Middle Ages, this paper deals with the political dimensions of poetical and literary matter. The central point of the article is the work of Rabanus Maurus.
EN
Focusing on transcription of handwritten texts, the study provides an addendum to Josef Vintr’s Zásady transkripce českých textů z barokní doby [The Principles of transcription of Czech Baroque texts], published in Listy filologické 121, 1998, pp. 341–346. It does not offer a normative instruction but a general methodological reflection and a summary of aids to creating principles of transcribing particular texts. After discussing basic differences between scribal and printing practices, it deals with some problematic features typical of scribal orthography. The study primarily concentrates on the problem of long and short vowels and the most frequent differences between modern and Baroque vowel length. It is argued that the principles of transcription should be formulated according to the individual grammatical usage of the individual scribe, and distinctive features of the text should be preserved as much as possible.
PL
The article’s author turns to the example of Rozmyślanie przemyskie in order to demonstrate how transcriptions of text were affected by editors’ opinions on the Polish syntax of the 15th century. At the same time, the transcription influenced opinions of the readers. To this end, selected elements of two different transcriptions of Rozmyślanie przemyskie have been compared, namely excerpts from Chrestomatia staropolska and the equivalent excerpts from the version edited by Wacław Twardzik and Feliks Keller. Special attention has been paid to issues related to sentence delimitation in the transcription, which strongly affects the image of the 15th century Polish syntax reflected in the specific historical editions. Supplements to the text, introduced by editors and inspired by source suggestions, have also been submitted to a syntax analysis. The same holds true for conjunctions and prepositions “extracted” from the onsets or the codas of words includedin the Freiburg edition. Both editions present different pictures of the historical text’s syntax which stemmed from their editors’ varying approaches to the text. Therefore, depending on the actual edition, the reader will be provided with different answers to the following key questions revolving around Polish syntax: what type of predicate combinations prevailed?; how strong was the predicative nature of participle constructs?; how long were thesentences?
EN
Units of an Arabic text can be Romanised and Polonised in various ways. Due to the peculiarities of Arabic, neither transliteration, consisting in preserving letter-to-letter correspondence, nor transcription, understood as representing pronunciation, fulfil practical needs in the case of this language. In what is called ‘Polish simplified transcription’, a system used in Arabic studies in Poland, three components can be distinguished: transcriptional, transliterational, and a third one termed here ‘uniformizational’ (the use of conventionally established forms of words). The norms of Polish simplified transcription delineated in this paper are analysed with respect to the priniciples of Polish spelling and Polish phonetics.
EN
In 1787‑1789 two volumes of a huge lexicographic work were published, with the title Linguarum totius orbis vocabularia comparativa (…), commonly called Catherine the Great’s Dictionary. The dictionary contains 273 Russian entries from different thematic groups, each one with semantic equivalents in two hundred European and Asiatic languages. All the words, with no exception, are transcribed in the Russian Cyrillic alphabet, independently from the language they represent. The paper deals, in general terms, with the transcription of Portuguese words included in the dictionary.
EN
Media and consumer society have changed the conception of writer. Today writers keep being interviewed throughout their lives, especially when they win a prize, as has happened to José Saramago. In this paper, we will study his last interview, edited in a book by José Rodrigues dos Santos, aiming at discussing the relevance of serializing the so called literary interviews and analyzing the image of the Portuguese Nobel conveyed by this text.
EN
Towards standards in transliteration of Belarusian names and surnames in PolandThe article presents many transliteration variants of Belarusian names and surnames in Poland. It discusses the most common variants of the Belarusian alphabet transliteration, both international and Belarusian, as well as Polish transcription. The multiplicity of variants raises technical problems in the documents (passports, residence permits, acts of birth etc.). The article is a voice in the discussion on the development of a unified system of transliteration of Belarusian alphabet for the needs of the documents recognized in Poland. O potrzebie ujednolicenia sposobów transliteracji imion i nazwisk białoruskich w PolsceArtykuł prezentuje wielość wariantów transliteracji imion i nazwisk białoruskich w Polsce. Przedstawiono najpopularniejsze warianty transliteracji alfabetu białoruskiego – zarówno międzynarodowe, jak i białoruskie – oraz transkrypcję polską. Wielość wariantów rodzi problemy natury technicznej w dokumentach (paszporty, karty pobytu, akty urodzin itd.). Artykuł jest głosem w dyskusji na temat opracowania ujednoliconego systemu transliteracji alfabetu białoruskiego na potrzeby dokumentów uznawanych w Polsce.
PL
The aim of the paper is to analyze Franz Liszt's piano interpretations that constitute excellent operatic transcriptions and reminiscences from the operas of Gaetano Donizetti. There are seven piano works based on six of Donizetti’s operas, among them bar-for-bar transcriptions of particular fragments as well as masterly syntheses of many musical themes. We try to argue that Donizetti was an inspiration for Liszt and that the Hungarian composer was not only an eminent connoisseur and admirer of bel canto, but also made an important contribution to the rediscovery of Italian opera. These transcriptions are an excellent example of a sincere tribute from one great composer to another; they highlight some of the treasures among Donizetti’s compositions, as well as the talent of the author of the transcriptions.
EN
The goal of the paper is to evaluate the editorial decisions made by the editors of the only transcribed philological edition of Rozmyślanie przemyskie (the so-called Freiburg edition), by confronting it with the text of Život Krista Pána, a Czech apocrypha preserved in several copies the oldest of which dates back to the first half of the 14th century. The basis for the analysis are materially and linguistically similar fragments of both apocrypha. The presented survey not only validates or questions various editorial decisions, but also once again shows that a transcription of an Old Polish text is to a considerable extent its interpretation, and that designing such a transcription is an unusually difficult task which requires a large amount of work and a specific set of skills.
Rocznik Lubuski
|
2015
|
vol. 41
|
issue 1
41-54
EN
The main theses: 1. Transcription of data (audio and visual) is a part of research practice subject to weak afterthought. 2. Transcription is an interpretative act, not the projection of data. This act may be influenced by varied social and cultural factors. 3. There are diversified methods of data transcription; the choice of a method of transcription significantly influences the achieved research results. 4. The assessment criteria of the quality of transcription are not unambiguous. The discussion: How do we check the quality of transcription in the research being carried out?
PL
Główne tezy: 1. Transkrypcja danych (audio i wizualnych) jest częścią praktyki badawczej słabo poddanej refleksji. 2. Transkrypcja jest aktem interpretacji, a nie odwzorowania danych. Na ten akt mogą wpływać zróżnicowane czynniki społeczne i kulturowe. 3. Są zróżnicowane sposoby transkrypcji danych: wybór sposobu transkrypcji wpływa w istotny sposób na osiągnięte rezultaty badawcze. 4. Kryteria oceny jakości transkrypcji nie są jednoznaczne. Dyskusja: w jaki sposób sprawdzamy jakość transkrypcji w prowadzonych przez nas badaniach?
PL
The tracking of students in the schools is a topic that obligates social and educational reference. This is a fieldthat exposes gaps and contradictions regarding the possibilities and intentions of parts of Israeli society. It is difficultto definewho is being talked about. In addition, it is difficultto separate between or limit the reference to the single student as a real and feeling subject and the desire of the system for a child as a product of education. It is difficultto describe a general picture without forgetting the individuals in it, the students, when the relationship between the tracking, the dropping out, and the exclusion is unavoidable.This article is an attempt to examine the argument presented in research studies that the gaps between different groups in the population derive from the policy of tracking in education from the establishment of the State of Israel until today and that this policy is intentional. The way that the school as an organization acts and the topics with which it copes can be explained in social policy and in the sociological rationale that characterizes society in Israel.Which social and educational policy serves the tracking of students and why, despite the data and the numbers that indicate a large gap, is the topic of tracking not present in the educational discussion? I seek to assert that research in the field is insufficient and thait is necessary to place the topic on the agenda and conduct an educational discussion.
13
63%
EN
This article compares five Czech- and English-language manuals and resources for the transcription of spoken interactions for research based in conversation analysis (CA). The presented method of transcription can also be used in sociolinguistics, pragmatics and for research in Language Management Theory or language communities. The following materials were selected for comparison: the DIALOG corpus manual (Kaderka — Svobodová, 2006), the book Transcribing Talk and Interaction by Christopher J. Jenks (2011), a chapter from the book Doing Conversation Analysis by Paul ten Have (2006/1999) and two online modules by Emanuel A. Schegloff and Charles Antaki. The main purpose of this article is to familiarize readers with the selected publications and present them in an order appropriate for the gradual acquisition of transcription skills. Another aim is to create an overview of all particularities concerning transcription, so that mainly beginning researchers can acquire a complete image of the transcription process. The analysis of the selected materials focuses on current of the topics important for transcription: the theoretical background of a transcription, what can be captured in a transcription, the purpose of a transcription, the overall formatting of a transcription including the anonymization of data, transcription symbols. Furthermore, the paper touches upon additional aspects of transcription included in the materials: transcription software, the visual dimension of the data and the translation of the transcript.
EN
The paper presents a corpus of spontaneous spoken Czech called ORAL2013, its design principles and practical solutions adopted during the data collection. The corpus is designed to represent contemporary spontaneous spoken language used in informal, real-life situations across the whole of the Czech Republic. The corpus consists of audio recordings and their transcriptions aligned with time stamps; it features manual annotation and broad regional coverage with a large variety of speakers. ORAL2013 contains 835 recordings from the period 2008 to 2011 made with 2,544 speakers (of whom 1,297 speakers are unique); the total length of the audio tracks is almost 300 hours and the total size of the transcriptions exceeds 3.28 million tokens. ORAL2013 is made publicly available by the Czech National Corpus at http://www.korpus.cz/.
EN
The article is an analysis of the oldest Polish guidebook to Rome written by Rev. Andrzej Wargocki – O Rzymie pogańskim i chrześcijańskim ksiąg dwoje (Two Books on the Pagan and Christian Rome) dating back to the 17th century. The object of interest here is the contemporary edition of the book in the series “Humanizm. Idee, nurty i paradygmaty humanistyczne w kulturze polskiej – Inedita” (“Humanism. Humanist ideas, currents and paradigms in Polish culture – Inedita”). The author briefly presents the contents of Wargocki’s work, and then he focuses on a discussion of the critical apparatus accompanying the main text. He especially stresses the discussion of the contents and the arrangement of the introduction written by Jacek Sokolski and the description of the commentaries and explanations added to the main text. Using this opportunity the author wonders if the commentaries should be extended, because of the contemporary cultural changes resulting in an ever greater lack of understanding of the issues, realities and the literary language of past epochs. He also offers detailed remarks about the principles of transcription, in which the editors did not avoid making small mistakes.
EN
The aim of the present paper is to describe the different variants of transliteration and transcrip­tion of Belarusian words, especially names and place names. In the article the most common inter­national, Belarusian and Polish variants of the Belarusian alphabet transliteration and transcription were presented. There is need to work out one international names and place names transliteration standard.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie różnych wariantów transliteracji i transkrypcji wyrazów białoruskich, zwłaszcza nazwisk i nazw geograficznych. W tekście zaprezentowano najpopularniej­sze międzynarodowe, białoruskie i polskie systemy transliteracji i transkrypcji alfabetu białoru­skiego oraz podkreślono ogromną potrzebę wypracowania jednego międzynarodowego standardu transliteracji, odnoszącego się zarówno do nazwisk, jak i nazw geograficznych.
EN
The aim of this article is to present selected issues related to the process of creating the corpus of messages both in Polish and Russian sent via postcards in the second half of the 20 th century. There will be described stages of digital processing of the postcard’s text such as transcription of the text and creation of tags assigned to the following elements of the message’s text, including the beginning phrase to the addressee, greetings, wishes, the final phrase and postscript. Particular points, which appear on the list of directives for people transcribing messages, will be put under thorough analysis. The reasons behind the choice of certain – often controversial – procedures will be discussed and illustrated with adequate examples. The considerations presented in the article constitute a part of the 100 000 minihistories project, which intends to create a full-text searchable corpus of around 10 000 of Polish and Russian post-war texts sent in postcards.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki analizy błędów popełnianych przez polskich użytkowników Internetu podczas transkrybowania tekstu rosyjskiego na znaki polskiego alfabetu. Błędne zapisy zostały zidentyfikowane w grupie przetranskrybowanych wyrazów rosyjskich, które zaczerpnięto ze zarchiwizowanych stron internetowych. Autorzy wyodrębniają takie typy błędów, jak zastępowanie, opuszczanie i dopisywanie znaków, a także omawiają przyczyny ich występowania oraz porównują uzyskane wyniki z przeprowadzonymi wcześniej badaniami. Analiza dowodzi, że znaczna część błędnych zapisów jest spowodowana dążeniem do oddania brzmienia języka rosyjskiego, część wynika zaś z wpływów języka polskiego oraz nieznajomości języka rosyjskiego.
EN
The article presents the results of the analysis of errors occurring in the transcription of the Russian language into the Polish alphabet in the Polish Internet posts. Spelling mistakes were identified in the group of words transcribed from Russian texts extracted from archived websites. The authors distinguish types of errors, such as replaced characters, omitted characters and inserted characters. They discuss the reasons for the errors’ occurrence and compare the obtained results with the previous research. The analysis proves that a significant number of spelling mistakes are caused by the attempt to approximate the sounds of the Russian language, while some errors result from the interference of the Polish language and the lack of knowledge of Russian.
EN
In old print from XVIth century Dryjas Zamechska by Jan Kochanowski there are two words bez and podobno situated one after another. The author of paper supposes, that it must be one word bezpodobno seting forth arguments from word formation, rhetoric, stylistic and semantic.
EN
Article reflects selected syntactic differences in the two transcriptions of “Rozmyślanie przemyskie” and attempt to answer the question of how to change the image of Old Polish syntax depending on the transcription. RP is a comprehensive, medieval apocrypha. In view of the fact that this text comes from the Old Polish, and for her there is not enough text credentials, researchers often use it as a source of knowledge about inflection, vocabulary or syntax of the fifteenth-century Polish. In the studies on the history of syntax there are many examples of RP to be an illustration of syntactic phenomena Old Polish period. They are cited as transcription, which - as it turns out - is a form of presentation of the text is different from the original: publisher transcription must make arbitrary decisions that are syntax.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu zobrazowanie wybranych różnic składniowych w dwóch transkrypcjach „Rozmyślania przemyskiego” („Chrestomatii staropolskiej” i tzw. wydania fryburskiego) i próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie: jak zmienia się obraz składni staropolskiej w zależności od transkrypcji, po którą sięgnie badacz. RP to obszerny, średniowieczny apokryf. W związku z tym, że zabytek ten pochodzi z tego okresu rozwoju polszczyzny, dla którego istnieje niewiele poświadczeń tekstowych, badacze często korzystają z niego, jako ze źródła wiedzy na temat fleksji, leksyki czy też składni XV-wiecznej polszczyzny. W opracowaniach na temat historii składni pojawia się wiele przykładów z RP, które mają być ilustracją zjawisk składniowych epoki staropolskiej. Przytaczane są one w postaci transkrypcji, która – jak się okazuje – jest formą prezentacji tekstu znacznie już przetworzoną w stosunku do oryginału: wydawca transkrypcji musi podjąć arbitralne decyzje, które mają charakter składniowy.
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