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Zastosowanie tynków szerokoporowatch do konserwacji zasolonych murów na przykładzie sieni wjazdowej Zamku na Wawelu

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Kozłowski R., Stępień P.

Ochrona Zabytków

1994

issue 3-4

273-280

The Entrance Hall provides main monumental acces to the Arcade Courtyard of the Castle. The Hall acquired its present architectural form in the first half of the sixteenth century when its western larger part and two stone arches were added to an older, Gothic structure. Earlier conservation work at the Renaissance arches revealed the presence of considerable amounts of soluble salts, migrating into the stone from the brick walls of the building. The salts contained deliquescent nitrates and chlorides which gave rise to a permanent high moisture content in the walls, specially during periods of a high relative humidity (RH) of air. Hence, a systematic analysis of the salt content became an integral part of a planned conservation of the Entrance Hall in 1993. The methods employed involved high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for quantitative salt analysis and the determination of water vapour sorption at several RH values to establish moisture levels in the materials. The results revealed a very irregular distribution of deliquescent salts in the building, with salt accumulations in the ceiling and the southern wall. Since desalination of the walls could not be considered, because it is time consuming and uncertain, broad pore, water repellent plasters were used on the areas with a high salt content. Plasters of that kind are produced now by industry as a dry preparation, to be mixed with water on the building site. In Germany they are known as „Sanierputze”. The plasters in question exhibit high porosity and low resistance to water vapour diffusion combined with high water repellency which inhibits the migration of salt solutions to the surface, and thus wet stains and salt efflorescences. The evaporation zone is located within the plaster and salts accumulate in the plaster pores. The first stage of the conservation programme involved the removal of previous 20th century cement plasters and repairs. Then „Porosan-Trass-Sanierputz” from Keim was laid locally on salt laden areas. The remaining fragments were covered with traditional lime-sand plaster. At the end the entire plastered surface was coated with a thin finishing lime-sand layer and rendered water repellent with a microemulsion of silicones in water (Funcosil Hydroimpraegnierung from Remmers). Full conservation of stone and brick elements, which remained exposed, was carried out, including a water repellent treatment with the same silicone microemulsion. The conservation was finished in May 1994. The water repellent, broad pore plasters proved useful in the conservation of salt laden walls. They have provided an aesthetic finish free of usual symptoms of salt decay. It should be borne in mind, however, that they are materials with a strong cement binder and therefore they should not be used on brick masonry of high historic value. Their use in the Entrance Hall has been restricted to areas with high salt content and combined with traditional lime technology.

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1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Kozłowski R.

1 Stępień P.

1 1994

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Zastosowanie tynków szerokoporowatch do konserwacji zasolonych murów na przykładzie sieni wjazdowej Zamku na Wawelu