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MULTICRITERION TYPOLOGY OF AGRICULTURE: A SPATIAL DEPENDENCE APPROACH

100%
Głębocki B., Kacprzak E., Kossowski T.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2019
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vol. 38
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issue 2
29-49
EN
At the turn of the 21st century Polish agriculture intensively changed as the consequence of: 1) the socio-economic transformation that started in 1989, 2) the general transition from a centrally-planned economy to a market economy and 3) Poland’s accession in 2004 to the European Union. In this paper, we try to describe, in a synthetic way, the spatial heterogeneity of development of agriculture in Poland. For this purpose we identified the types of contemporary Polish agriculture. We applied the measures of global (Moran 1950) and local (LISA) spatial autocorrelation devised by L. Anselin (1995) and used their calculations in classification methods. Our dataset consists of 69 variables and 3,069 spatial units at the LAU2 level. As the result of the analysis we identified 20 types of agriculture in Poland and presented their characteristic features. We have paid particular attention to a spatial distribution of identified types. We concluded that the distribution is not only a result of natural or socio-economic conditions and local spatial relationships, but also to a greater extent is still affected by historical conditions (mainly partitions and changes of borders after the First and Second World Wars).
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Ewolucja typów rolnictwa w województwie wielkopolskim na przełomie XX i XXI w.

71%
Głębocki B., Kossowski T. M., Kacprzak E.
Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna
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2020
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issue 52
181-196
EN
The aim of the article is an attempt to compare the results between two methods identyfying types of agriculture. These methods use different sets of diagnostic features. The first method was developed by J. Kostrowicki with R. Szczęsny and its team at the Department of Agricultural Geography of the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. The result of this team’s research was the development of the first typology of Polish agriculture, which was published in the form of a map in the National Atlas of Poland in the 1970s (Kostrowicki, Szczęsny 1978). It was based on 20 diagnostic features which were described in a five-degree scale. At that time, 13 main types of individual farming and 4 types of collectived agriculture were identyfied. The second typology of agriculture is the result of research by the authors of this study (Głębocki et al. 2019). They used 69 diagnostic features and 20 types of agriculture in Poland were identified. Kostrowicki and Szczęsny (1978) found 5 types of agriculture in the area covered by the contemporary borders of the Wielkopolska Voivodeship. In 2010, 9 types of agriculture were identified. After 40 years, there are significant similarities between spatial distributions of the types representing the two compared typologies of agriculture. However, there are large differences in the research methodology and the availability of statistical sources. Both typologies confirmed the importance of historical conditions in the spatial distribution of the types of agriculture distinguished. The former Prussian-Russian border is still clearly visible in the spatial distribution of types, and the eastern part of the voivodeship is still characterized by agriculture with a lower level of development. It should be remembered that both typologies differ from each other the number of diagnostic features and the size of reference units. Additionally, Kostrowicki and Szczęsny (1978) defined types for individual farming, while the authors of this article found types for the whole agriculture The method used by the authors, due to the possibility of using a very large number of diagnostic features, is universal and can be used in various regions.
PL
W artykule dokonano porównania dwóch typologii rolnictwa, odnosząc je do obszaru województwa wielkopolskiego. Pierwsza z nich to efekt prac prowadzonych na początku lat 70. ubiegłego wieku przez J. Kostrowickiego i R. Szczęsnego oraz innych współpracowników w Zakładzie Geografii Rolnictwa IGiPZ PAN w Warszawie. Z 13 typów rolnictwa indywidualnego, zidentyfikowanych wówczas w skali kraju, na terenie dzisiejszego województwa wielkopolskiego występowało 5. Druga typologia rolnictwa została opracowana przez autorów niniejszej publikacji w 2019 r. Wyróżniono 20 typów polskiego rolnictwa. Na terenie województwa wielkopolskiego wykształciło się 9 typów. Mimo różnic w metodologii badawczej oraz dostępności materiałów statystycznych w rozkładzie przestrzennym wyróżnionych typów zauważono duże podobieństwa. W obu momentach czasowych stwierdzono trwałe oddziaływanie uwarunkowań historycznych, choć po przystąpieniu Polski do UE obserwuje się systematyczne zacieranie różnic pomiędzy obszarami dawnego zaboru rosyjskiego i pozostałą częścią województwa wielkopolskiego. Zastosowana przez autorów metoda, z uwagi na możliwość wykorzystania bardzo dużej liczby cech diagnostycznych, ma charakter uniwersalny i może być stosowana w różnych regionach.
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