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Nauki chemiczne a konserwacja zabytków : stan, potrzeby i perspektywy

100%

Domasłowski W.

Ochrona Zabytków

1982

issue 3-4

173-176

The author presents the problems as he sees them himself as professor of chemistry, long-time director of the Institute of Monuments and Conservation, attached to the Copernicus University in Toruń. For more than twenty years he has been directing technological studies and conservation of stone monuments in Poland. The author refers to a number of conservation works undertaken in this field in Europe. He brings to the fore a research process preceding today’s conservation practice in the field of monuments of fine arts. In Poland some dozens of representatives of natural sciences cooperate on a regular base in the execution of conservation works. Polish conferences attended by specialists, held in 1981 and 1982, have shown a serious contribution of exact sciences. It has also been demonstrated that it is not possible to train conservators of works of fine arts without the help of chemists, microbiologists and physicists. Their task is not only to adapt methods of exact sciences for the examination of works of art but also to study materials, find out reasons for their destruction, analyze their condition, choose conservation materials and means, determine properties of the materials and, when necessary, to modify them. The author pays much attention to the coordination of studies. In view of the non-existence of the institute of conservation, it is necessary to create possibilités for such coordination in order to join forces operating in various centres. A lack of a specialized Polish magazine and limited access to foreign publications does not facilitate this task. In the form of thirty detailed theses the author presents main trends which should be continued in Polish investigations, basing on the existing higher institutes, state-owned monuments, conservation workshops, scientific and research institutes in different branches. He also puts forward a number of general postulates, especially in the field of coordination of studies, programming, information, scientific trial periods etc.

Uwagi o udziale przedstawicieli nauk przyrodniczych w konserwacji dzieł sztuki

88%

Ślesiński W.

Ochrona Zabytków

1989

issue 1

38-41

Once more and more attention had been paid to the materials from which works of art were made and to the mechanisms of their decay, participation of chemistry in conservation became essential. In 1828 this subject was raised by C. F. Pranger and in 1835 by G. Field. Practice in the conservation of works of art showed quite early that participation of chemists in it was necessary. In ca 1785 J. A. C. Chaptal was one of the first to employ chemistry in conservation. Early in the 19th century there appeared a number of articles and books on the studies of works of art, their technology and even conservation written by chemists (j. A. C. Chaptal, M. E. Chevreul, H. Davy, J. F. John et al.). The first archaeological chemical laboratory was opened in Berliner Staatlichen Museen and at the turn of the 19th and 2 0 th centuries other chemical laboratories were brought to life, e.g. at Kunstgewerbeschule in Vienna. Cooperation of representatives of different disciplines in the recognition and the conservation of works of art had many antagonists, particularly art historians. The argument against the use of chemical and physical methods was the opinion that the knowledge of used materials cannot decide of the value of works of art. A crucial role was played by an international conference organized in Rome in 1930 „on scientific methods of examination and conservation of works of art” , at which the importance of natural sciences in the conservation of works of art was pointed out for the first time and the need was shown for a cooperation of all modern research methods. Since then today’s conservation takes advantage of all branches of science and technology which may contribute to better knowledge and preservation of monuments. Methods and techniques of studies as well as equipment are regularly improved and the participation of representatives of natural sciences grows. Along with the development of sophisticated research and conservation techniques, cooperation of all those who participate in these procedures becomes necessary. This finds it expression in, i.a., the creation of international organizations such as CVMA (Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aev), the aim of which is joint cooperation of art historians, conservators and representatives of natural sciences on behalf of the preservation of historic stained-glass windows. There have been brought to life national associations with a similar integrating programme, just like the Association of Monuments Conservators in Poland. The participation of chemists in studies and conservation works is of particular importance, especially in countries where there are no highly-qualified conservators. Except for simple studies which can be carried out in conservation workshops (microscopic, X-ray or chromatographic examinations) more complicated ones have to be done only in specialized units. The conservator should be thus the organizer of these studies, while representatives of natural sciences should be mediators between conservators and research institutes.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Domasłowski W.

1 Ślesiński W.

1 1989

1 1982

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Nauki chemiczne a konserwacja zabytków : stan, potrzeby i perspektywy

Uwagi o udziale przedstawicieli nauk przyrodniczych w konserwacji dzieł sztuki