Search results

1

Czy w Gnieźnie wszyscy jeździli na łyżwach? Łyżwy z osady Targowisko w Gnieźnie – przyczynek do sposobów ich użytkowania w okresie średniowiecza

100%

Waszczuk K., Żychliński D., Prawniczak R., Pachulski P.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2014

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issue 55

179-209

PL

Did Everybody in Gniezno Ice-Skate? Ice Skates from the Settlement Targowisko in Gniezno – on the Means of Their Use in the Middle Ages and Not Only When writing the present article, the question was posed how common the use of ice skates had been in the period of the Middle Ages, confirmed in the literature on the subject by numerous references and information.It has been assumed that the issue is very complex. On the one hand, ice-skating was treated cursorily – any object made of bone whose shape resembled a “boat” must have been an ice-skate – on the other hand, the common use of skates found no confirmation in interdisciplinary studies. Meanwhile, our micro- and macroscopic analyses of the finds originating from the settlement in Gniezno called Targowisko, supported in full the conjecture that, in very wet places, surrounded by water, “ice-skating”, both as a means of transportation and as a form of recreation (!) was a part of everyday life. Moreover, a definite scheme of research has been developed which can be applied to all artefacts designated as ice skates; in all periods of history. Simultaneously, during our research, there arose many new questions which shall be answered, we hope, as a result of further analyses and related considerations. They are very intriguing questions as they concern man.

2

The History and Use of Electromagnetic Weapons

88%

Świętochowski N.

Historia i Polityka

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2018

|

issue 26 (33)

123-136

EN

This thesis is about the origin and development of electromagnetic weapons used in policing and military tasks as a non-lethal tool. The electromagnetic weapon was taken into consideration as a military or police means of antipersonnel engagement in the late 1970s. In the 1980s the USA conducted some defense programs towards development of lethal high energy laser weapons, to shoot down ballistic missiles and high-power microwave weapons designed to destroy electronic equipment. This technology was adapted by US Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate (JNLWD) to construct new or adapted non-lethal delivery systems, which could be used in military operations. Until late 1990s several types of electromagnetic weapons were created and taken into account for practical use. The most important were: Active Denial System and electromagnetic pulse generators devices, for example E-bomb, which was probably used against Iraq in 2003 war.

3

Analyzing social media use in TEFL via the technology acceptance model in Indonesian higher education during the Covid-19 pandemic

88%

Mukminin A., Muhaimin M., Diat Prasojo L., Khaeruddin K., Habibi A., Marzulina L., Harto K.

Teaching English with Technology

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2022

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vol. 22

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issue 1

3-22

EN

This survey study utilized an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to understand factors affecting Social Media Use in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (SMU-TEFL) during the COVID-19 pandemic to help improve the integration of effective and efficient technology with traditional education methods. The initial survey instrument that was used was adapted from prior studies and was validated through content validity, piloted, and distributed to 287 EFL faculty members from ten Indonesian universities. Factor analyses (exploratory and confirmatory) were conducted to purify the instrument. Path analysis through Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM) was used to assess correlations of the hypotheses which were supported by the Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings of the study informed a valid and reliable model that sufficiently explains variance to measure factors affecting SMU-TEFL during the Covid-19 pandemic. Six significant relationships out of eight hypothetical statements were confirmed and elaborated. It is recommended that future research be conducted in order to improve the integration of technology into TEFL courses, especially in pandemic situations.

4

The use of the selected lexical and function words to, there, before by L2 Polish users at different proficiency levels

88%

Świątek A.

Lingwistyka Stosowana / Applied Linguistics / Angewandte Linguistik

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2017

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issue 21

167-173

EN

The objective of this article will be both the theoretical and the practical analysis of the use of the selected English lexical and function words (to, there, before) by Polish users of English representing different proficiency levels. The practical part, in particular, will concern the use of the afore-mentioned, selected words comprising both categories based on the available corpus of L2 users (PELCRA – PLEC). The first acronym refers to Polish and English Language and Corpora for Research and Applications (PELCRA), which is the result of scientific work of the scholars from the University of Łódź. The other one (PLEC), stands for PELCRA English Learner Corpus (see the Bibliography section below). It is commonly known that learners/ students may demonstrate their awareness and professional knowledge with reference to the basic use and comprehension of words in their primary meaning, namely lexical words. The problems arise when they need to confront their current knowledge and awareness while discovering that some words are ambiguous or polysemous. Hence the idea of such research, the intention of which is to validate the students’ performance when faced with words, which are only seemingly simple and predictable.

5

Wittgenstein – przykłady błędów językowych

88%

Maciejczak M.

Filozofia i nauka. Studia filozoficzne i interdyscyplinarne

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2013

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vol. 1

245-255

PL

Artykuł przedstawia kilka podanych przez Wittgensteina przykładów językowych źródeł koncepcji filozoficznych. Głównymi czynnikami, które prowadzą filozofów na manowce, są analogie i podobieństwa struktur gramatycznych. Zwrócenie uwagi na konteksty użycia słów interesujących z filozoficznego punktu widzenia: piękno, dobro, prawda, czas, myślenie, umysł... itd. przekonuje, że pełnią one określoną rolę w naszym sposobie mówienia, lecz nie denotują faktów.

EN

The article presents linguistic sources of philosophical conceptions. The main reasons that lead philosophers astray are grammatical analogies and the similarity of grammatical structure. Wittgenstein points contexts of use of philosophically interesting words. Beauty, goodness, truth, time, thinking, mind…etc. – these words play a certain role in our way of speaking, but they do not denote facts.

6

Wittgenstein – przykłady błędów językowych

88%

Maciejczak M.

Filozofia i Nauka

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2013

|

vol. 1

245-255

EN

The article presents linguistic sources of philosophical conceptions. The main reasons that lead philosophers astray are grammatical analogies and the similarity of grammatical structure. Wittgenstein points contexts of use of philosophically interesting words. Beauty, goodness, truth, time, thinking, mind…etc. – these words play a certain role in our way of speaking, but they do not denote facts.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia kilka podanych przez Wittgensteina przykładów językowych źródeł koncepcji filozoficznych. Głównymi czynnikami, które prowadzą filozofów na manowce, są analogie i podobieństwa struktur gramatycznych. Zwrócenie uwagi na konteksty użycia słów interesujących z filozoficznego punktu widzenia: piękno, dobro, prawda, czas, myślenie, umysł... itd. przekonuje, że pełnią one określoną rolę w naszym sposobie mówienia, lecz nie denotują faktów.

7

The evolution of the laws regulating access to forests and aquatic resources of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until the mid-16th century

75%

Pytasz-Kołodziejczyk A.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2020

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vol. 1

13-22

EN

In the 13th and the 14th century, grand dukes had exclusive rights to the forests and aquatic resources of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They maintained these rights in the 15th century despite the fact that the rights to royal forests and aquatic had been widely distributed since the reign of Vytautas. Beginning in the second decade of the 16th century, grand dukes became increasingly interested in the productivity of land belonging to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, in particular forests and aquatic resources. Their concern was largely motivated by the financial burden placed on the Lithuanian treasury in connection with the Muscovite- Lithuanian wars and the economic reforms implemented by Queen Bona and Sigismundus II Augustus. The monarchs passed laws regulating access to royal land in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. These regulations improved the management of royal land, protected forests against illegal logging and prevented excessive exploitation of water fauna (especially fish).

8

Two Conceptions of Wittgenstein's Contextualism

75%

Dobler T.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2011

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vol. 7

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issue 2

189-204

EN

How should we understand Wittgenstein's proposals that "the meaning of a word is its use in the language" (Wittgenstein 1953, §43) and that a name only has a meaning in a language-game (ibid. §49)? Are they incompatible with occasion-invariant semantics? In this paper I present two leading interpretations of Wittgenstein's contextualism: James Conant's meaning-eliminativism (ME) and Charles Travis's meaning-underdetermination (MU). I argue that, even though these two interpretations are very similar, the latter gives a more nuanced account of Wittgenstein's contextualism which does not involve a commitment to the claim that words have no meaning outside immediate contexts of use.

63%

HALLADA M.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

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2018

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vol. 9

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issue 2

155-160

PL

Streszczenie W artykule przedstawiono możliwość wykorzystania fotograficznych gatunków dziennikar-skich, które mogą być uzupełnieniem mediów dydaktycznych. Przedstawiono analizę występowania poszczególnych fotograficznych gatunków dziennikarskich w miesięczniku „National Geographic” w latach 2010–2015.

EN

The article presents the possibility of using photographic journalistic genres, which may be a complement to the didactic media. An analysis of the occurrence of individual photographic journalistic genres in the National Geographic monthly in 2010–2015 was presented.

15

On Production and Use of Tokens of “I”

63%

Głowacki M.

Studia Semiotyczne

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2021

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vol. 35

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issue 1

95-106

EN

In this paper, I analyze the semantics of the first person pronoun “I” from the perspective of the user/producer distinction. In the first part of the paper, I describe the Simple View (SV) and propose three interpretations of its thesis (following de Gaynesford, 2006). In the second part, I analyze the notions of use and production of a linguistic token. In the next part, I show that all of the interpretations of SV are sensitive to counterexamples. In the end, I discuss possible answers of the proponents of SV and argue against them. The first aim of this paper is to show that SV is wrong, and the second is to convince the reader that the user/producer distinction is of high importance in the philosophy of language.

16

Per una riconsiderazione dello standard: un’indagine sull’italiano scritto degli studenti universitari di Palermo e Messina

63%

Amenta L., Assenza E.

Italica Wratislaviensia

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2018

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issue 9.2

11-36

EN

In the mid-1980s, Sabatini and Berruto theorised the need to support the Italian standard via non-standard varieties (“average use,” or neo-standard) towards which the norm’s barycentre progressively had shifted. Thirty years later, and in light of the dynamism that the uses of speakers have impressed on the system, the issue has become a central one yet again. This paper investigates the main features of university students’ written language. The corpus consists of 300 e-mails sent to professors and 150 drafts of degree dissertations, produced by students of the degree courses in Humanities, Foreign Languages, Education, and Communication of the Universities of Palermo and Messina. Despite lacking any quantitative relevance, the results of this research allow us to identify which features of neo-standard Italian are now accepted by speakers in their language uses at the level of (semi-)formal writing, such as academic writing, and to propose a new reflection on the need to redefine the norm of contemporary Italian.

IT

A metà degli anni Ottanta, Sabatini e Berruto hanno teorizzato la necessità di affiancare all’italiano standard delle varietà non standard (“dell’uso medio” – neostandard) verso cui tendeva progressivamente il baricentro della norma. A trent’anni di distanza, e alla luce del dinamismo che proprio gli usi dei parlanti hanno impresso nel sistema, la questione torna a essere centrale. Il contributo presenta un’indagine sulle tendenze in atto nell’italiano scritto degli studenti universitari. Il corpus di analisi è costituito da email inviate ai docenti e bozze di tesi di laurea, prodotte da un campione di centocinquanta studenti dei corsi di Laurea di Lettere, Lingue, Scienze della Formazione e Scienze della Comunicazione delle Università di Palermo e Messina. Pur non avendo pretese di rilevanza quantitativa, i risultati della ricerca consentiranno di isolare tratti del neostandard oggi accolti negli usi dei parlanti in una scrittura medio/formale come quella accademica e di proporre una nuova riflessione sulla questione della ridefinizione della norma dell’italiano contemporaneo.

17

Filozofia jako diagnoza. Barry Stroud o naturze filozofii i znaczenia

63%

Wawrzyniak J.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

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2013

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issue nr 23

119-142

EN

The main goal of this article is to outline Barry Stroud’s conception of philosophy. Philosophy, in his opinion, aims at understanding of various kinds of phenomena and our attitude towards them, but this understanding doesn’t manifest in a set of philosophical theses. A philosopher should become aware of a peculiar character of understanding which he wants to reach, and in consequence, admit that a metaphilosophical reflection is integral part of philosophical investigations. An understanding of the nature of philosophical investigations is not possible without pointing to their sources. Thus the task of a philosopher is to diagnose philosophical problems by showing from which earlier questions and theories they have arisen. On the other hand, philosophical reflection must be always confronted with the things which are accepted by all of us, otherwise understanding caused by that reflection wouldn’t refer to phenomena belonging to our world. Stroud thinks that a description of one’s conception of philosophy requires looking at the manner in which that philosopher approaches to a given problem. Acknowledging the rightness of his remark I consider his approach to philosophy using as an example his treatment of the question “what is meaning?”. I point out that Stroud looks into the source of the Wittgensteinian slogan “meaning of the expression is its use”. The main Stroud’s conclusion is that if a description of a use of a certain expression is to explain the meaning of that expression, semantical terms have to appear in that description. This statement could be abandoned, Stroud claims, only if we rejected the things which all of us acknowledge as obvious.

18

Trafność

54%

Ronge G.

Forum Poetyki

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2017

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issue 8-9

150-159

EN

This entry attempts to explain what the mechanisms that govern the experience, familiar to every reader of literary works, of a particular aesthetic frisson elicited by a small passage in a work or even a single sentence. After presenting a handful of very general ways of understanding the category of aptness, the author moves to consider the subject of the possible shades of meaning it can take on depending on whether we treat it as an immanent trait of a given literary utterance or as a quality that takes form only during the process of the work’s reception.

PL

Hasło stara się wyjaśnić, jakie mechanizmy rządzą znanym każdemu czytelnikowi utworów literackich doznaniem szczególnego wstrząsu estetycznego wywołanego przez mały fragment utworu lub nawet pojedyncze zdanie. Po przedstawieniu kilku najogólniejszych, możliwych sposobów rozumienia kategorii trafności, autor przechodzi do rozważań na temat odcieni znaczeniowych, jakich może ona nabierać, w zależności od tego, czy traktowana jest jako immanentna cecha danej wypowiedzi literackiej, czy też jako jakość kształtująca się dopiero w procesie jej odbioru.

19

Some Problems of Alasdair MacIntyre’s "Emotivism Thesis"

51%

Szymon O., Jagielloński U.

Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

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2016

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vol. 33 (2)

EN

In this article Alasdair MacIntyre’s thesis concerning emotivist use of moral utterances in contemporary liberal societies is analysed. One tries to show that it needs further clarification since at least three elements of MacIntyre’s argument seem to pose certain problems; these are: ‘discussion halt’ as the source of emotivism, comprehensive doctrines as premises of respective arguments in liberal debates and the problem of incommensurability. These three problematic elements are discussed and interrelations between them are adumbrated.

20

Синтагматические особенности функционирования русских экспрессивных языковых единиц (на материале лексики с положительной эмоциональной оценкой)

51%

Zaynuldinov A.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

|

2019

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vol. 169

81-88

EN

Syntagmatic features of the functioning of Russian expressive linguistic units (on the basis of a vocabulary with a positive emotional evaluation) Proceeding from the opposition of the function of identification and the function of predication, it is advisable to consider the syntagmatic features of the use of a vocabulary with a positive emotional evaluation in the most typical positions of vocative and predicate. As a result of the analysis of linguistic material, a conclusion has been made about the difference in the typology of lexical units expressing approval and admiration, which do not undergo semantic changes in the vocative position (for the given words, the vocative position is not systemic, determining): орёл oriol (eagle), соловей solovej (nightingale), мастер master (master), and the typologies of lexical units conveying an affectionate and friendly attitude that in the attitude ofthe expression communicates the properly-valued semantics in the eventual deactivation of the nominative components of the value (the vocative position is systemic, basic: лапушка lapushka [little paw], ягодка jagodka [berry], сынок synok [little son], дружище druzhishe [friend, pal], etc.).

PL

Syntagmatyczne właściwości funkcjonowania rosyjskich ekspresyjnych jednostek językowych (na materiale leksyki pozytywnie nacechowanej emocjonalnie) Przy wychodzeniu od opozycji funkcji identyfikacji i funkcji predykacji celowe jest rozpatrzenie syntagmatycznych właściwości użycia leksyki z pozytywną oceną emocjonalną w najbardziej typowych dla nich pozycjach zwracania się i predykatu. W wyniku analizy materiału językowego został sformułowany wniosek o rozbieżności typologii jednostek językowych wyrażających akceptację i zachwyt, które w funkcji adresatywnej nie ulegają zmianom semantycznym (dla danych wyrazów sytuacja zwrotu nie jest pozycją systemową, określającą: орел, соловей, мастер) i typologii jednostek leksykalnych wyrażających serdeczny i przyjacielski stosunek, które w pozycji adresatywnej wyrażają znaczenie wartościujące przy jednoczesnej dezaktualizacji nominatywnych komponentów znaczeniowych (pozycja zwracania się jest tu systemowa, fundamentalna: лапушка, ягодка, сынок, дружище itp.).

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Czy w Gnieźnie wszyscy jeździli na łyżwach? Łyżwy z osady Targowisko w Gnieźnie – przyczynek do sposobów ich użytkowania w okresie średniowiecza

The History and Use of Electromagnetic Weapons

Analyzing social media use in TEFL via the technology acceptance model in Indonesian higher education during the Covid-19 pandemic

The use of the selected lexical and function words to, there, before by L2 Polish users at different proficiency levels

Wittgenstein – przykłady błędów językowych

Wittgenstein – przykłady błędów językowych

The evolution of the laws regulating access to forests and aquatic resources of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until the mid-16th century

Two Conceptions of Wittgenstein's Contextualism

Prawda czy dialog? Rozważania nad odpowiedzią Richarda Rorty’ego

The level of talent management usage at human resources management in organizations of the Moravian-Silesian Region

“AWARENESS” OF THE USE OF A SUBSEQUENT TRADEMARK AS A CONDITION OF LOSS CLAIMS FOR VIOLATION OF THE LAW TO THE EARLIER TRADEMARK DUE TO TOLERATE – POLISH LAW ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE COMPARATIVE

Osoby o zadeklarowanym różnym stopniu religijności, a korzystanie z internetowych mediów chrześcijańskich, w tym misyjnych, w Polsce. Badania pastoralno-prasoznawcze

Wstydliwe pojęcia

Fotograficzne gatunki dziennikarskie uzupełnieniem mediów dydaktycznych

On Production and Use of Tokens of “I”

Per una riconsiderazione dello standard: un’indagine sull’italiano scritto degli studenti universitari di Palermo e Messina

Filozofia jako diagnoza. Barry Stroud o naturze filozofii i znaczenia

Trafność

Some Problems of Alasdair MacIntyre’s "Emotivism Thesis"

Синтагматические особенности функционирования русских экспрессивных языковых единиц (на материале лексики с положительной эмоциональной оценкой)