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1

WOKÓŁ DEFINICJI ZABYTKU ARCHEOLOGICZNEGO

100%

Trzciński M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2007

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issue 4

111-117

EN

The binding statute of 23 July 2003 on the protection and care of historical monuments was the first Polish legal regulation relating to the protection of the national heritage to introduce the concept of the archaeological monument. Its pre-war predecessors and the statute on the protection of cultural property from 1962 consistently used the terms “excavations” or “findings”. The introduced division of monuments into mobile, immobile and archaeological (the latter are also classified as mobile and immobile) constitutes irrefutable proof that the object under protection has become more extensive and concrete. New systemic, economic and legal conditions have become the reason why the scale of threats to archaeological heritage grew rapidly already at the onset of the 1990s. The solutions introduced into the statute, concerning the protection of archaeological monuments, imposedcivic duties whose neglect is now threatened with penalaccountability. From the viewpoint of the almost five years-long existence of the statute on monuments it has become apparent that the application of its regulations can be problematical. Reservations are formulated not only by bodies using this law in their decision-making process but also those involved in combating and preventing crimes committed against monuments (the police force, border guards, customs services). Fundamental doubts are produced by an interpretation of the definition of the historical monument and its classified form, i.e. the archaeological monument. Attention is also drawn to the fact that the range of the definition of the archaeological object has been delineated much too generally, which makes it possible to classify, for instance, an item originating from the early twentieth century as an archaeological monument. Indubitably, the clarity and acuteness of the definition are closely associated with legal consequences pertaining to, e.g. , awarding a person who had discovered an archaeological monument or punishment for damaging or appropriating it. It is high time, therefore, to answer whether the binding definition should be modified, and if so, then to what extent. It seems that this question should be addressed to archaeologists, since in the course of the past decade the range of the interests of contemporary archaeology has changed due to the development of large municipal agglomerations and the construction of roads and highways, always accompanied by archaeological investigations. A discussion on the definition of the archaeological monument is also directly connected with the increasingly universal search for monuments, conducted across the country.

2

Karnoprawna ochrona zabytków : propozycje „de lege ferenda”

63%

Gadecki B.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2009

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issue 4

90-96

EN

Monuments are protected under provisions of criminal law, which are contained both in the Act on the Protection of Monuments and the Guardianship of Monuments, and in the Penal Code itself. (Currently applicable laws protect historical monuments against damage or destruction, illegal export or various sorts of theft. Provisions of law protect also the authenticity of monuments and the reliability of those in trading. This article contains proposals of changes that - in the authors opinion - should contribute to a better protection of monuments. Special attention is paid to Art. 2d4 § 2 ol the Penal Code, which specifies a type of selected offences qualified according to the object, which is “a property of significant cultural value”.

3

Przestępczość przeciwko zabytkom archeologicznym współczesności

51%

Sabaciński M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2017

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issue 2

145-154

PL

Artykuł zarysowuje ogólny obraz zjawiska przestępczości przeciwko zabytkom archeologicznym pochodzącym z czasów współczesnych. Zawiera podstawy prawne, opis problemu kradzieży i niszczenia obiektów dziedzictwa, ocenę istniejących regulacji ustawowych oraz praktyki zwalczania tego specyficznego rodzaju przestępczości.

EN

The article presents the overall image of the phenomenon of crime against archaeological finds from contemporary times. It contains the legal basis, the description of the problem of theft and damage to heritage, an evaluation of the existing statutory regulations, and practices of combating this specific type of crime.

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3 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Gadecki B.

1 Sabaciński M.

1 Trzciński M.

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1 2007

WOKÓŁ DEFINICJI ZABYTKU ARCHEOLOGICZNEGO

Karnoprawna ochrona zabytków : propozycje „de lege ferenda”

Przestępczość przeciwko zabytkom archeologicznym współczesności