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Имитация архаики: история культа царевны Софьи и риторические стратегии посланий к ней

100%
Kravetskii A.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2020
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vol. 1
145-160
EN
The article is devoted to texts which appeared in connection with the cult of Tsarevna Sophia Alekseyevna (1657-1704). It has been established that the veneration of Sophia, associated with the Moscow Novodevichy Convent, did not start until the 21st century. An analysis of the prehistory of this cult shows that before the revolution, in Soviet times, the the Novodevichy Convent preserved the memory of Sophia and displayed objects associated with her, yet this memory of Sophia was of a local history nature. Elements of religious worship were not present there. At the beginning of the 21st century, a certain cult arose around one of the Convent’s towers: people who came there wrote messages addressed to Sofia on the wall. It was a secular cult that was not supported by the Church, so there are no well-composed prayers to Sophia, on which the authors of the inscriptions could have relied on. A study of the corpus of inscriptions copied in 2010-2014 shows that these texts were written in Russian, but their authors used stylistic markers, which, in their opinion, endowed these appeals with the status of a prayer. The language and stylistic features of the inscriptions are openly eclectic in nature: here one can notice both prayer formulas and attempts to imitate conjurations, as well as appeals to the modern epistolary style. Moreover, the authors of the texts were convinced that they were writing correct prayers addressed to the saint.
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Litwin-katolik? Witold Wielki i św. Kazimierz jako bohaterowie narodowi w litewskiej prasie niezależnej 1972–1988

84%
Korzeniowska K.
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
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2017
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issue 29
219-235
EN
The article analyses the content of the longest running Lithuanian underground magazines from the 1970s and 1980s: Lietuvos katalikų bažnyčios kronika, Aušra, Rūpintojėlis and a few others, were published in independent circles associated with the Church. The aim of the analysis is to verify whether the figures of medieval Lithuanian heroes, Grand Duke Vytautas and Saint Casimir, were presented in those magazines as models for the Lithuanian Catholic. Scholars note that the notion of a Lithuanian Catholic and, in a broader sense, of an almost inseparable link between Lithuanian culture and Catholicism as a prerequisite of survival in Soviet reality, were present in the Lithuanian national ideology among both the emigrants and in the country. It was also important as motivation for the underground publishing activity. The analysis of the texts devoted to these two heroes leads to the conclusion that their identification with the model of a Lithuanian Catholic can only be observed in a very narrow aspect of their image in the underground press. At the same time, it demonstrates the tendencies and directions of the development of their images. This article is therefore also a study on social memory in which I attempt to investigate how the memory of the country’s patron saint and of its most distinguished ruler was actualized or evoked in the conditions created by late Sovietism in Lithuania. Not only did the analysis offer the answer to the research question, but it also permitted the author to sketch the direction of development of these two images. Vytautas was portrayed by referencing his nationalist and secular cult, consolidated during the interwar period, while the authors of the articles published by the underground did not add much to his image, and certainly did not make it more Catholic. The image of Saint Casimir was more dynamic and ambiguous, as he was depicted as a figure in the national (next to Vytautas and other great dukes) and Catholic national (e.g. next to the Blessed Bishop Jerzy Matulewicz) pantheon, as well as – in a more novel way, albeit evoking hagiographical tradition – an ideal of both a ruler and a citizen. I draw my methodological models from two sources: the classic work by Stefan Czarnkowski devoted to the cult of a national hero (I examine Vytautas and Casimir as such) and a study by Jan Kubik (Power of Symbols against the Symbols of Power). I attempt to apply the category of discourse that he introduced and used for a reconstruction of the political situation in Poland in the period before and during Solidarity’s activity.
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Kult świętych w piśmie Hieronima „Przeciw Wigilancjuszowi”. Kwestia współczesnych tłumaczeń

67%
Nocoń A.
Vox Patrum
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2020
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vol. 76
87-106
EN
One of the controversies between Catholicism and Protestantism is the problem of the mutual influence of the community of saints in heaven and the pilgrimaging people on earth. As is known, Protestantism has greatly reduced the impact of the community of saints on the faithful on earth, profiting undoubtedly from the heritage of one of the precursors of Protestant thought – Vigilantius. It is a fact that most of the views of this Gallic priest on the veneration of the saints are binding today in Protestant ecclesial communities. As we are celebrating the 1600th anniversary of the death of St. Jerome, it seems appropriate to recall his reaction to the views held by Vigiliantius. St. Jerome’s teaching expressed in the little work Adversus Vigilantium not only blocked the expansion of the doctrine of this Gallic priest, but also entered to a large extent into the official teaching of the Church and the liturgy. Unfortunately, this work of St. Jerome has not had many translations into modern languages and most of the existing versions are based on the text taken from the Patrologia Latina, which complicates the understanding of the most original thought of St. Jerome on the communion of the saints and on relics. The Adversus Vigilantium explains that the “communion” of the saints with the living is more intensive in the burial places of the saints, and so, adjacent to their relics. In his short treatise, St. Jerome does not specify the character of this intensive presence. He only writes that it manifests itself in “signs and miracles” done by the saints and in their powerful impact on evil spirits.
PL
Zagadnienie wzajemnego oddziaływania wspólnoty świętych w niebie i ludu pielgrzymującego na ziemi, jest jedną z kontrowersji między katolicyzmem a protestantyzmem. Ten ostatni, jak wiadomo, ograniczył w znacznym stopniu wpływ wspólnoty świętych na wiernych na ziemi, korzystając niewątpliwie z dorobku jednego z prekursorów myśli protestanckiej – Wigilancjusza. Faktem jest, że większość poglądów tego galijskiego prezbitera na temat kultu świętych obowiązuje dzisiaj w protestanckich wspólnotach kościelnych. Obchodząc 1600. rocznicę śmierci św. Hieronima wydaje się ważne przypomnieć jak zareagował on na poglądy Wigilancjusza. Jego nauczanie zawarte w dziełku Adversus Vigilantium nie tylko bowiem zatrzymało ekspansję doktryny Galijczyka, ale w znacznym stopniu weszło do oficjalnego nauczania Kościoła i do liturgii. Niestety, pismo Hieronima nie doczekało się dotąd wielu tłumaczeń na języki nowożytne, a te które są opieraja się często na wydaniu w Patrologii Łacińskiej, komplikującym zrozumienie najbardziej oryginalnych myśli Hieronima dotyczących świętych obcowania i relikwii. Z pisma „Przeciw Wigilancjuszowi” wynika bowiem, że „obcowanie” świętych z żyjącymi na ziemi byłoby najbardziej intensywne w miejscach pochówku świętych, czyli przy ich relikwiach. W swoim krótkim traktacie Hieronim nie precyzuje charakteru tej intensywnej obecności, pisze tylko, że przejawia się ona w „znakach i cudach” dokonywanych przez świętych, oraz ich silnym oddziaływaniem na złe duchy.
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W swoim Kościele Pan otworzył jego usta (por. Syr 15, 5). Orędownictwo św. Jana Apostoła i Ewangelisty w świetle formularzy mszalnych Kościoła zachodniego do Soboru Trydenckiego

67%
Pałęcki W.
Roczniki Teologiczne
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2020
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vol. 67
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issue 8
39-57
EN
From the first centuries the Christian cult of saints has been inseparably linked to the mystery of Christ. Particularly at the beginning, special veneration was given to the Mother of Jesus and to the closest disciples of Christ the Lord. One of these disciples of the Lord, belonging to the Twelve, whose cult has been known since the first centuries of Christianity, is St. John the Evangelist. In western tradition two feastdays are observed in his honor: the day of his birth into heaven, December 27, and the memorial of when he was given over to torture, May 6. Along with the biblical accounts, New Testament apocrypha played an important role in the formation of the cult of St. John. The biblical passages most often used in Mass formulas are the calling of St. John to be a fisher of men, his special relationship with Christ at the Last Supper, and the Mother of the Lord being entrusted into his care. In quoting his teaching, reference is often made to his proclamation of the Eternal Word, Who was with God from the beginning. A reading of the liturgical texts honoring St. John the Evangelist makes it possible to see this saint in the mystery of the Church as a model of union with Christ and with His Mother, and as an intercessor in the daily life of the faithful.
PL
Od pierwszych wieków chrześcijaństwa kult świętych był nierozdzielnie związany z misterium Chrystusa. Zwłaszcza na początku oddawano szczególną cześć Matce Jezusa i najbliższym uczniom Chrystusa Pana. Jednym z tych uczniów Pana należących do grona Dwunastu, którego kult znany był od pierwszych wieków chrześcijaństwa, jest św. Jan Ewangelista. W tradycji zachodniej obchodzono dwa święta ku Jego czci: dzień narodzin dla nieba, 27 grudnia, oraz wspomnienie poddania go torturom, 6 maja. W kształtowaniu się kultu św. Jana oprócz przekazów biblijnych ważną rolę odegrały apokryfy Nowego Testamentu. Najczęściej z biblijnych przekazów w formularzach mszalnych przywoływano powołanie św. Jana jako rybaka ludzi, jego szczególną relację z Chrystusem podczas Ostatniej Wieczerzy oraz przekazanie pod jego opiekę Matki Pana. Wskazując na Jego naukę często odwoływano się do głoszonego przez niego Odwiecznego Słowa, które od początku było u Boga. Lektura tekstów liturgicznych ku czci św. Jana Ewangelisty pozwoliła ukazać tego Świętego w misterium Kościoła jako wzór zjednoczenia z Chrystusem i Jego Matką, oraz jako orędownika w codzienności życia wiernych.
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Nauka o cnotach w „Dialogach” św. Grzegorza Wielkiego

59%
Pawlak A.
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2019
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vol. 28
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issue 2
189-203
EN
Pope Gregory the Great, in his only hagiographical work, the Dialogues, left elaborate teaching on virtues. It is practical to the core and bears a clear pedagogical intention. Gregory wanted the Dialogues readers, prevalently monks, to be granted an encouragement to live a virtuous life. The paramount virtue is humility, which stands at the root of any other virtue. The other important virtues described in Dialogues are poverty, chastity and obedience. Furthermore, as a specific mark of Gregory’s spirituality, the virtue of gravity occurs. The countless examples of saints, mentioned in the Dialogues, are an invitation to live in a close relationship with God since every virtue depends on the grace of God. In this respect, Gregory is an heir of Augustine’s teaching on grace, according to which grace precedes every single good deed of man.
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