Search results - CEJSH

1

Nitrosvětské účely, transcendentní motiv

100%

Frei J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2009

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vol. 57

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issue 4

507-521

EN

The victim is a central theme in Patočka’s late philosophy. Patočka first presented his conception of the victim in a house-seminar in 1973; even then it provoked a discussion which pointed to certain problematic features. This article works with the assumption that it is the unexplicated religious implications of the concept of victim that constitute the core problem. The author attempts to show that, in Patočka’s non-religious interpretation, the victim loses the “two-way” character of the religious concept. It is this character which enables it to fulfill a particular wordly aim, while being directed beyond the human. In Patočka’s conception (at least in its most radical formulation) a victim can only have one determination, and it is not clear how victims can be sacrificed for a worldly aim while going beyond the level of worldly entities. A solution to this problem is sought in Jaspers’ conception of conditionless behaviour; this allows us to distinguish between behaviour itself, which can be part of the economy of wordliness, and its motive, which can, at the same time, transcend the sphere of worldly motivation.

2

Prawo do tłumaczenia pokrzywdzonego w polskim procesie karnym – wybrane zagadnienia

85%

Toruński M.

Problemy Prawa Karnego

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2020

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vol. 5

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issue 1

EN

The analysis of the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure shows a clear asymmetry in the rights of the accused and the victim as regards the right to interpreting. Despite the implementation of subsequent amendments, the legislators consistently ignored the rights of the victim with regard to the right to interpreting; when they actually dealt with that issue, it was done in a fragmented and selective manner.Moreover, the exegesis of the provisions on the right to interpreting leads to the conclusion that the analyzed right is not fully regulated by the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, and some extremely important normative parts of it must be decoded from the Law on the System of Common Courts. Both these spheres interpenetrate each other, which is undeniably undesirable from the point of view of the standard of legal certainty and transparency.This study aims at identifying legislative shortcomings, as well as at proposing de lege ferenda solutions in relation to the analyzed right of the victim to interpreting.

3

Human Tafficking and Ways to Battle it During the World Economic Crisis

80%

Osipova E.

Internal Security

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2010

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vol. 2(2)

103-112

EN

Human trafficking is one of the most profitable spheres of national and transnational organized group activities and, according to specialists, it occupies the third place after drug and arms trafficking. The author provides an analysis of the main factors influencing the development of human trafficking as well as the way of fighting against that criminal activity during the financial crisis by the example of the Russian Federation, the USA and some other countries. These factors are divided into four groups: human trafficking supply, human trafficking demand, criminal activity environment, law enforcement activity. The factors are applied to both the countries of origin and the countries of destination. A few indexes are considered, such as unemployment, level of salary, minimum needs, level of remittances from legal and illegal migrants, national, international and private investment into the human trafficking fight, internet development, visa requirements, lax law enforcement. The analysis covers different types of human trafficking such as sex and labor trafficking, child labor and sex exploitation at the international and national levels. The author draws certain conclusions about a possible development of these types of human trafficking, including the internal trafficking, considering the economical and social changes caused by the world financial crisis.

4

Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowej konferencji "Access to mediation for victims of domestic violence", Warszawa 22 maja 2015 r.

80%

Czarnecka-Dzialuk B.

Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Kryminologicznego im. prof. Stanisława Batawii

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2015

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issue 22

131-134

5

Trafficking in Human Beings as an Extreme Problem in Ukraine

80%

Vasylenko O.

Internal Security

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2010

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vol. 2(2)

33-44

EN

Problem of trafficking in people is extremely critical for the Ukrainian society, government and law enforcement. Ukraine is considered as one of the major source countries for trafficking of women and children together with the other Eastern European countries – former Eastern Soviet bloc countries such as Albania, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Russia, Belarus. However, Ukraine is not only a source, but also a transit and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for various forms of exploitation – forced labour, porno business, donors for the transplantation of tissues and organs, etc. Trafficking in human beings in some cases is controlled by large criminal organizations; however, the majority of trafficking is done by networks of smaller groups, each specializing in a certain area, like recruitment, transportation, advertising, or retail. Therefore, the definitions of this phenomenon, its forms and methods of counteracting, in particular legislative and judicial support, international cooperation are analyzed in the article.The counter-trafficking activities of the law enforcement, governmental and non-governmental organizations involved in combating trafficking in people are presented in the paper. It has been also suggested that the critical situation of trafficking in people in Ukraine requires consolidation of efforts by legislative, law enforcement and judicial bodies, central and local bodies of executive power and bodies of local administration as well as international and non-governmental organizations.

6

Safety study on Threat by Active Shooter to School Facilities

80%

Lichorobiec S., Holubová V., Ščurek R.

Securitologia

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2016

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issue 2 (24)

5-16

EN

The reality of the danger of active shooters performing a terror attack at school facilities during the working hours, inspires to thought about possible guidelines under which an unarmed person could stop an armed aggressor in the moment he breaks into school and launches an attack. Quality physical security measures can prevent infiltration of a trespasser into a building or make it at least difficult, however it is necessary to always take into consideration that the physical security measures will be surpassed and the attacker infiltrates the building. Surviving an active shooter event is possible when following the “run-hide-fight & survive” guidelines.

7

THE VICTIM AS A FORGOTTEN FIGURE IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM – A FEW REMARKS IN THE LIGHT OF PAST FORMS OF PUNISHMENT

80%

Kania A.

Review of European and Comparative Law

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2017

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vol. 31

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issue 4

33-44

EN

This article focuses on selected problems regarding the evolution of the punishment process. The starting point remains the assumption that regardless of the historical period, every palpable form of injustice related to a violation of a certain area of goods has resulted in an intervention approved at the given moment in history. The study notes that in the early pre-state period, seeking a remedy for wrongdoing was a private matter of the victim (or their family or clan) who could in that wayavenge on their own the injustice they had suffered. The process of publicising criminal law that began at the end of the Middle Ages has marginalised the process role of a victim in the possibilities to seek the remedy. However, the vertical criminal law relationship has, over time, changed to some extent. The privatisation of the justice system – especially noticeable nowadays – makes it possible to see that consensual methods of resolving conflicts caused by an offenceessentially contributed to the reversal of a certain historical process. That reversal was certainly intended to “reveal” the victim, and thus to return the conflict resulting from the offence to its “owners,” i.e. the perpetrator and the victim.

8

IS RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AN APPROPRIATE LEGAL REMEDIATION FOR SEXUAL VIOLENCE?

80%

Kazic E., Ćorović R.

Review of European and Comparative Law

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2019

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vol. 37

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issue 2

65-95

EN

This paper questions applicability of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence. Specific nature and serious consequences of sexual violence are the reason why this question appeared. In order to find out the answer, authors represented the characteristics, mechanisms and nature of restorative justice, offering in the same time comparition of arguments in favor and against of applicability of restorative justice in this, particulary sensitive type of criminal offences. Together with review of different theoretical approaches to this matter, authors tested applicability of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this paper normative, comparative and historical scientific methods have been used.

9

Dziecko jako świadek w procesie karnym w ujęciu teoretycznym i praktycznym

80%

Brulińska D., Dajnowicz D.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2015

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vol. 35

85 - 105

PL

The participation of a child as awitness in acriminal trial is of particularly great importance, because sometimes the testimony of a minor is the only source of information on the offense. In this article the authors discuss interrogation of child witnesses on the basis of Art. 185a and Art. 185b of the Code of Criminal Procedure in theory and practice.

10

Identity and aggression among adolescents

80%

Liberska H.

Psychologia Wychowawcza

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2018

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vol. 56(14)

27-41

EN

Nowadays, there is a lot of research regarding two problems. One of them concerns a shaping of an identity in a period of adolescence and another one refers to aggression among young people. Researchers look for conditions of both phenomena in temperamental traits, personality, family, school, and peer environment specification. In the current research, attention was focused on a relationship between identity processes and entering a role of a perpetrator and a victim of aggression. An experimental group consisted of 167 adolescents aged between 16 and 17 years old. The following measurement scales were used: Mini-DIA (The Mini Direct Indirect Aggression Inventory, Österman, Björkqvist, 2008) and DIDS (The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale, Luyckx et al., 2008). The study’s results suggest a similarity in identity processes among girls and boys and a differentiating gender role in entering a role of a perpetrator and a victim. Moreover, there were identified significant relationships between an intensity of identity processes and experiences of a perpetrator and a victim.

11

Pozycja pokrzywdzonego na tle przepisów materialnego prawa wykroczeń

80%

Sitarz O.

Problemy Prawa Karnego

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2019

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vol. 3 (29)

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issue 3

51-65

EN

The aim of this work is to establish to what extent discrepancies of substantive misdemeanour law (relating to criminal law), which stem from simplification of responsibility rules, impact the position of victim. There are no general rules and principles relating to formation of the position of victim in either criminal law or misdemeanour law. Only by analysing particular regulations of the both respective codes allows one to reconstruct the status of victim and confronting it on the plain of the two responsibility regimes in question. The said confrontation reveals far-reaching differences within the scope of victim’s position in substantive regulations of misdemeanour law, some of which weaken the victim’s position, while other – strengthen it. Although those differences vary to their weight, yet it seems that regulations restricting the presence of the figure of victim are more significant – they genuinely decrease the competence of a person to whom the harm was made. Amongst the said regulations, first and foremost, have to be counted those that relate to possibility of ruling compensatory penal measures, as well as regulations defining the periods of limitation (aside from other discussed regulations). The assumed dual model of responsibility within this scope, in some cases, compromises the principle of equality before the law enshrined in Article 32 paragraph 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.

12

Pozycja procesowa podejrzanego i pokrzywdzonego w postępowaniu w przedmiocie zastosowania środków zabezpieczających w kodyfikacji postępowania karnego z 1928, 1969 i 1997 r

80%

Zgryzek K.

Problemy Prawa Karnego

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2019

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vol. 3 (29)

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issue 3

67-87

EN

The author analyses and compares the normative approaches to the participation of the suspected and victim in proceedings for using preventive measures in criminal procedure. While comparing regulations within the scope of his interest published in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the year 1928, 1969, and 1997, the author emphasizes the necessity of undertaking analyses through the prism of regulations included in Mental Health Act. He also indicates the necessity to protect the rights of the suspected and victim not only during the preparatory proceedings, but most of all during the proceedings for using preventive measures. He points to the fact that the prosecuted person, who has been charged with a crime, ought to be a subject to special protection stemming from his or her state of mental health. He postulates that in the course of pre-trial hearing lead in accordance with Article 354 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the participation of the parties – including the suspected person – should be treated as a rule, and only in exceptional cases the absence of the suspected with mental illness should be allowed. The author assesses negatively the regulation included in Article 354 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which allows for using preventive measures against the suspected person even when a court appointed psychiatrists claim that his or her participation in proceedings is unnecessary. He compares this regulation to the operations of “kangaroo courts”.

13

„Biedna, szara myszka” O przełamywaniu społecznego wizerunku ofiary w literackim tryptyku o Halszce Opfer

80%

Okrajni M.

Prace Literaturoznawcze

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2020

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issue 8

115-125

EN

This article shows the functioning of the social image of the victim and describes a particular attempt to overcome it, based on Halszka Opfer’s autobiographical books and Katarzyna Surmiak-Domańska’s reportage. This triptych proves that the adopted perspective determines the readingof the text and how difficult it is to break free from the social, as well as one’s own, framework.

14

Domestic Violence. Notions, Mechanisms and Administrative-Legal Measures in Preventing Domestic Violence in the Republic of Kazakhstan

80%

Saparalijeva S.

Internal Security

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2010

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vol. 2(2)

45-58

EN

The right for personal immunity is a personal safety guaranteed by the state which consists in prevention, suppression and punishment of infringement on life, health and body inviolability. This right is natural and belongs to a person since his birth. The article studies Administrative and legal measures and practice of their use in preventing domestic violence in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The notion of “violence in the family” is analyzed, employing the statistics of practical activities of law enforcement units in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The problem of domestic violence is discussed. To prevent domestic violence the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan supervise consistent work of legislative-legal and organization-practical measures to prevent domestic violence.Creation of units organizing the work of law enforcement in defending women from violence has become one of the practical measures taken in the structure of the Ministry of Internal affairs. Today any woman turned to the above mentioned units will receive all the necessary qualified help and assignment to the crisis centre.The laws specified the grounds and the order of using measures for individual prevention which vary from a preventive talk to compulsory medical measures, deprivation of parental rights, putting limitations and administrative arrest in case of its violation enforced by the court.The author believes that despite positive results of fighting against domestic violence in Kazakhstan the work on developing new and improving existing legislative acts regulating the matters of family politics should be activated. The spreading of information should be intensified, elaborated fliers should be placed in all the public places. All these measures require united effort not only of all the state and public organizations but the society itself.

15

A Scapegoat’s Journey

70%

Prijatelj E.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2018

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vol. 8

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issue 1

FR

Sacrifice is an important part of religious, ethical and political life. In addition, the term;sacrifice’ has several meanings; one of them denotes a victim of crime. In this paper, we focus exclusively on victims of scapegoating. Scapegoats – individuals or communities – may be victims of others, or otherwise they may experience themselves in this way. This paper explores both possibilities. It, primarily studies the psychology of scapegoating based on the premise of the innate human need to discharge tensions, and then presents several paths out of the scapegoating mechanism. It also illustrates scapegoating dynamics in the media and explores the example of Slovenia based on its history and the current situation with respect to transferring of blame.

16

Medializace vybraných případů týraných dětí a její negativní důsledky

70%

Moravec V., Paulík K.

Psychologie a její kontexty

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2011

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vol. 2

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issue 1

39-63

EN

This paper focuses on the potentially negative effects of the media and journalists in selected cases of child abuse. The authors work with the concept of secondary victimization, defined as the reaction of the social environment of a crime victim to that particular crime, and the circumstances which lead to the secondary victimization of the victim - not only the victim's contact with the police and courts, but also contacts with journalists and other people in their vicinity. This reaction occurs after the crime, and is no longer connected with the perpetrator's immediate actions. Journalists and the media represent a major factor that can cause secondary victimization through insensitive coverage of crimes, including tabloid excesses. The text mentions three specific cases in which negative effects of media coverage can be observed.

17

Miejsce sprawiedliwości naprawczej w polskim systemie karnym

70%

Silecka-Marek E.

Konińskie Studia Społeczno-Ekonomiczne

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2021

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vol. 7

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issue 1

69-84

EN

Place of restorative justice in the Polish penal system This paper shows the conceptions of restorative justice against the background of the idea of general justice. The author indicates to the relationship between the retributive and restorative approaches. By analysing the literature on the subject matter and criminal law, the importance of restorative justice practices and profits that bring to the offender, victim of a crime and for the local community.

18

Violence as a Threat of Safety of the Contemporary Family on the Example of Przemyski District in 2015–2018

70%

Żołyniak K.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2019

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vol. 35(35)

124-148

EN

In the modern world we are observing more and more new threats to the proper functioning of the family. One of them, which is not new, but rather intensified and more and more perceived in the social space, is devoted to this article. Domestic violence, because this is the case, is undoubtedly the worst type of violence and the most harmful, because it is experienced from the closest people who we should receive love, goodness and understanding. The article presents the complexity of the problem of intra-family violence. It presents the concept of violence, the form of harm and its influence on the functioning of the family. The issues are related to the process of counteracting domestic violence are pointed out, the forms of helping victims of violence by social organizations and therapeutic centers, as well as actions against perpetrators of domestic violence are emphasized. It also shows the scale of domestic violence which occurs, and an analysis of the assistance activity provided in 2015–2018 in Przemyśl district, which was based on reports of institutions helping victims and perpetrators of domestic violence. We should consider what needs to be changed to better protect families against violence and reduce its scale. Domestic violence is a big problem and a threat to the proper functioning of the family, so coherent actions of different institutions are needed to achieve the intended goal.

19

Stalking z perspektywy sprawcy i ofiary

70%

Malicka-Ochtera A.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2020

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vol. 55

105-116

EN

Stalking as a crime has been punishable under Polish law since 2011. Etymologically, the term comes from the word “to stalk” — tracking. The criminal perpetrator of the crime violates the social order by violating its rules, motivated by the desire to take control of the victim. The basis of the stalker’s causative actions are usually strong emotions such as love, hate or revenge. The victim is a person who most often has or had a personal relationship with the perpetrator, for example a former partner who ended the relationship. The primary effect on the victim’s psyche is fear, anxiety, and a sense of danger, followed by mental disorders and even death by murder or suicide. The feeling of social disorder occurs on both the perpetrator’s and victim’s side. The phenomenon of stalking is plastic, because depends on the boundaries set by norms and values recognized in society.

20

The Culture of Memory: The Approach of Reyes Mate

70%

Gan-Krzywoszyńska K., Leśniewski P.

Ethics in Progress

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 2

246-256

EN

The aim of the article is to present Reyes Mate’s project for a culture of memory. Western culture/tradition tends to erase and blur the traces of crimes (even genocides) in order to achieve/restore peace; however, at the same time, this leads to ignoring the victim’s suffering and, in consequence, helps the wrongdoer. Following Reyes Mate, we argue that a memory of past injustices must constitute an integral part of the present and is the only means to prevent the hermeneutic death of victims. Any project for justice must put victims at the center of reflection. Memory is the beginning of the process that leads to reconciliation, for it makes it possible to redress both the victim and society. Moreover, it enables us to reclaim both the victim and wrongdoer as members of society. A culture of memory would also be a response to the failure of knowledge. Cases of extreme violence elude and transcend cognition; they are not only unthought but also unthinkable. Therefore, memory is a consequence not of discovering but of revealing the past: it follows from the fact that unthought exists and the unthinkable happened, which proves that our knowledge is limited and that we are able [and eager] to “invisibilize” victims’ suffering and depriving injustices of meaning. This is why memory should be the starting point for reflection on a new philosophical program against lassitude and oblivion, as well as on idealistic/anti-realistic and Enlightenment ideas. Memory reveals hidden aspects/dimensions of our reality and becomes at the same time an epistemic imperative and fundamental philosophical category.

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