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1

ВАЛЕОЛОГО-ГІГІЄНІЧНА ОСВІТА ТА ГІМНАСТИКА ДЛЯ ОЧЕЙ ЯК ЗАСОБИ ПРОФІЛАКТИКИ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ ОРГАНІВ ЗОРУ

100%
Голяка С., Ласька С.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2016
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issue 3(57)
115-122
EN
The main purpose of the article is to study the physiological features and hygiene education and the use of gymnastic exercises for the eyes as a means of prevention of eye diseases of schoolchildren. The prevalence of eye diseases is a relevant complex problem that needs to be addressed in order to ensure a healthy existence and efficiency of today’s and future generations. Total computerization of education and free time of children and adolescents leads to severe impairment of corrections. The use of prevention measures should be aimed at reducing the prevalence of ophthalmic diseases and this problem requires a national and personal approach to its solution. The actual study material was obtained using the method of survey, the method of ophthalmologic examination acuity. During the second survey after the implementation of valeological and hygienic education there is increasing awareness of health issues at schools. During the period between the two surveys it is found that the students had the deterioration of visual acuity at 4-10%. These results may be related to changes in the physical development of the students with holding a great amount of time in front of TV and a computer, as well as a significant surge eyes being in school or doing homework. But despite the deterioration some students also improve their eyesight. 10% of the total number of the students have no significant improvement within 0,05-0,3 D. In the experimental group of the students in which visual acuity improvement was reduced the visual acuity after systematic use of gymnastic exercises for eyes significantly differed from similar indicators of the students in the control group. The systematic use of gymnastic exercises for the eyes can reduce the dynamics of deterioration of visual acuity of the students whose parents suffer from myopia. The results can find their application in the educational process in schools. On the basis of Kherson multi-gymnasium №20 named after B. Lavrenov the prevention of diseases of schoolchildren introduced a number of measures, including the clarification campaign, themed quizzes and trainings. In class with younger students, the teacher, as well as for secondary and senior classes used 2-3 minute exercises for the eyes by Bates with video support. The promotional video «Save Eyesight» has been demonstrated and the functional site «perfectvision.esy.es.» was designed.
2

The relationship between latitudinal light variation and orbit and cranial size in humans

86%
Short A.
Anthropological Review
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2016
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vol. 79
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issue 2
143-149
EN
Increased orbit size is suggested to be an adaptation for enhanced visual acuity and sensitivity in conditions of reduced light quality. Whilst light ambience has a well established correlation with eye size in birds and primates, evidence in humans is very limited. The aim of this study was to analyse the anatomical compensations of the eye and visual cortex as a result of varying levels of light exposure. It was hypothesized that humans of higher latitudes will have an increased orbit size to improve visual sensitivity and acuity in conditions of decreased light, and thus greater cranium size due to enlarged visual cortices. Craniometric measurements of 1,209 male and 1,021 female individuals from 27 series coming from different latitudes were sourced from William W. Howells Craniometric Data Set. Mean cranial and orbit size was calculated by combining linear craniometric measurements of length, width and height for individual males and females at each latitude. Linear regressions of orbit and cranial size on latitude were created and significance was measured using Pearson’s r and P value. Partial correlations were calculated to test whether orbit size correlates with latitude independent of cranial size. Significant positive correlations were found between i) orbit and cranial size and ii) orbit size and latitude and iii) cranial size and latitude in males and females. Additionally, partial correlation values for latitude and orbit size were significant in both males and females. The relationship between visual system size and increasing latitude among humans is currently understudied. Significant relationships between visual system size and increasing latitude suggest that enlarged eyes were an evolutionary mechanism for individuals with compromised light availability. Other factors related to varying geographic location may also play a role
3
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Night-shift work and risk of compromised visual acuity among the workers in an electronics manufacturing company

86%
Lin Y.-C., Ho K.-J.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2017
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vol. 31
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issue 1
71-79
EN
Objectives: To evaluate the association between night-shift work exposure and visual health, this cross-sectional study utilized visual acuity, a surrogate measure for visual function, as a parameter, and performed an analysis comparing visual acuity between daytime and nighttime employees in an electronics manufacturing company. Material and Methods: Data of personal histories, occupational records, physical examinations and blood tests was obtained from the electronic health records of workers. The total of 8280 workers including 3098 women and 5182 men, wearing their own daily used eyeglasses, were included in the final analysis. The mean age of the sample population was 34.7 years old (standard deviation = 5.4 years). All workers were divided into 3 work categories – consistent daytime worker (CDW), day-shift worker (DSW) and night-shift worker (NSW). The check-up results of glasses-corrected visual acuity (c-VA) were utilized to classify individuals as good (≥ 1.2, both eyes) and inadequate (< 0.8, the better eye) c-VA. Results: Consistent daytime workers had the highest rate of good c-VA (42.5% vs. 25.1% DSW and 21.1% NSW, p = 0.047). Night-shift workers had the highest rate of inadequate c-VA (CDW, DSW and NSW: 2.6%, 6.2%, and 7.6%, p = 0.03) among all employees. After controlling for covariates, NSW were found at an increased risk for inadequate c-VA (adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0–3.6, vs. CDW), and less likely to have good c-VA (ORa = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.4–0.5, vs. CDW). Conclusions: Night-shift work is moderately associated with compromised visual acuity of employees in this electronics manufacturing company. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(1):71–79
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