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EN
Intolerance of ambiguity (the concept formulated by E. Frenkel-Brunswik in 1948) we can concern as emotional and cognitive dimension of personality. It is characterized by seeking for certainty, clear structure and avoiding ambiguity. This article presents research analyzing, if specific experience of adolescents with low vision (who can fluctuate between seeing and not seeing and have to functioning with not clear and fragmental picture of reality) affected on their intolerance of ambiguity and haw is important the level of tolerance of ambiguity for subjective well-being.
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Výcvik vodicích psů v organizaci

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EN
This article contributes to the ethnomethodological investigation of the human-animal relationship, focusing on practically oriented and situated members’ methods, categorisations, and forms of interactions. The analysis shows how members reconstruct the rules of the training of guide dogs at a particular guide dog training centre (SVVP), and, while acting, how they orient themselves towards the principles of the broader framework, namely, the ‘institution of the guide dog’. The participation of the dogs in these interactions is also considered. The use of the rules and the principles is interpreted through the concepts of positioning (Harré, Davies), claiming (Bottero, Irwin), and, in general, the framework of the ethnomethodological respecification of the concept of organisation, that is, ‘organisation-in-action’. The article demonstrates how the image of the professional charitable client-orientated organisation is constructed in situ, and how the positions of the guide dogs and the visually impaired are presented by particular speakers. It also reveals that telling moral stories is one of the most frequently used ethnomethods of self-presentation, and that the positions and the claims of the actors are constructed in two main contexts: visual impairment and the ‘dog companion culture’.
EN
Background. Lack of vision and the fear of moving often associated with it predispose people to a sedentary lifestyle. A low level of physical activity may contribute to increase the prevalence of lifestyle diseases and deteriorate the quality of blind people’s life. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the level of physical activity and to enumerate the risks of lifestyle diseases of visually impaired people on the basis of literature and magazines published in English. Methods. By means of Medline browser a review of research publications in English language was made which included magazines issued after 2000 that concerned the level of physical activity and the incidence of lifestyle diseases. Results. Only five articles regarding the level of physical activity of people with visual impairment were found. In this review there were included three papers concerning the level of physical activity of visually impaired children and teenagers. The problem of lifestyle diseases was mentioned only in four articles. Conclusions. 1. Visually impaired people are characterized by a low level of physical activity. 2. The frequency of lifestyle diseases occurrence is higher in comparison with the general population. 3. There is a necessity to introduce educational programs that promote healthy lifestyle, including physical activity.
PL
W artykule omówiono zasady i możliwości psychologicznego wsparcia osób niewidomych i niedowidzących. Autor analizuje elementy wsparcia psychologicznego osób z głębokim upośledzeniem wzroku: testy psychologiczne, psychoprofilaktykę, działania edukacyjne indywidualne i grupowe. Podkreśla znaczenie kompleksowego zakresu wsparcia psychologicznego. Poza tym zwraca uwagę na to, że praca korekcyjna z osobami niewidomymi i niedowidzącymi zakłada konieczność użycia materiałów psychodiagnostycznych dostosowanych do różnych etapów i poziomów niepełnosprawności.
EN
The author of the article analyses the principles and features of psychological support to blind and partially sighted. She also analyses the elements of psychological support to people with profound visual impairment: psychological testing, prevention and correction, individual and group educational activities. Emphasis has been placed on the importance of comprehensive psychological care in support of members of inclusive spaces. Attention is drawn to the fact that the work with the blind and visually impaired at different stages of their integration into the society implies, inter alia, the need to use diagnostic material proper for different levels of impairment, and to consider the effect of visual deprivation on the formation of personality.
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2024
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vol. 7
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issue 1
136-150
EN
The article seeks to establish a foundational framework for comprehending crucial definitions and concepts related to auditory space in digital gaming, particularly focusing on audio games designed for visually impaired individuals (VI), often devoid of graphical interfaces. While existing studies often emphasize players’ interactions with interfaces and the acquisition of real-life skills, this text explores audio games through the lens of entertainment and immersion. Numerous studies indicate a demand among visually impaired players for more intricate and challenging games, incorporating elements usually used in standard digital gaming experiences. By combining definitions from both audio and traditional digital games, this article broadens the scope of sound design considerations, encompassing various aspects and classifications. It presents several auditory dimensions, consolidating them into a comprehensive dimension called attenuation, putting their roles within a game’s context. The author is a sound designer currently working on an audio game; therefore, many of the presented definitions are also a guide that will represent some of his own considerations while working on this game. These include not only the use of binaural or ambisonic sound but also understanding the ways and means of how to work with (3D) space in the context of audio and its possible functions.
EN
The aim of this article is to indicate what role new assistive technologies play in the formal and informal lifelong education of people with visual impairment. The article offers a description of the characteristics of ‘typhlo-informatics’ and the ‘typhlointernet’. It also presents specific computer devices and programmes for individuals with visual impairment as well as examples of internet services for people who are blind. Limited access to knowledge resulting from visual impairment may in today’s information age act as a cause for one of the forms of social exclusion. Thanks to specialist assistive IT technologies, people who are blind or visually impaired gain access to information which they could not previously independently find. The article’s author indicates that the development of typhlo-informatics and the typhlointernet aids not only in the equalization of educational opportunities of people with visual impairments, but it also allows them to engage in various types of learning.
PL
Celem artykułu jest wskazanie, jakie miejsce w formalnej i nieformalnej edukacji całożyciowej osób z niepełnosprawnością wzroku zajmują współczesne technologie informacyjno- -komunikacyjne. W artykule scharakteryzowano pojęcia: tyfloinformatyka i tyflointernet, pokrótce przedstawiono specjalne urządzenia komputerowe oraz oprogramowanie przeznaczone dla użytkowników z niepełnosprawnością wzrokową oraz podano przykłady serwisów stron internetowych przeznaczonych dla osób niewidomych. Ograniczenia poznawcze, wynikające z niepełnosprawności wzroku, zawężają dostęp do wiedzy, co w dzisiejszym społeczeństwie informacyjnym może stać się przyczyną jednej z form wykluczenia społecznego. Dzięki specjalistycznym rozwiązaniom ICT adresowanym do osób niewidomych i słabowidzących uzyskują one dostęp do danych, do których wcześniej samodzielnie nie mogły dotrzeć. Autor artykułu wskazuje, że rozwój tyfloinformatyki i tyflointernetu służy nie tylko do wyrównania szans edukacyjnych osób z niepełnosprawnością wzroku, ale pozwala na ich zaangażowany udział w różnych wymiarach uczenia się.
7
51%
EN
The visually impaired person is created in the image of God, as is the person with normal vision. The impairment does not infringe on the dignity of the impaired. The impaired person is a fully-fledged subject, enjoying all the rights that relate to his/her belonging to the Church and society. The visually impaired are incorporated into the Church through Baptism. They undertake their Christian and personal vocation in the Church. The impairment makes the vocation of an impaired person unique. It is one of its kind and can me more difficult than that of a person with normal vision. The visually impaired are also called to participate in apostolic action – in the form they are fit for. Their apostolic activity mostly consists in giving the testimony of their Christian life, their acceptance of the suffering and devoting it to Christian causes, and in their prayer. The Church community offers them spiritual, psychological and material support.
EN
The article presents the achievements of Sister Roza Czacka related to the rehabilitation, education and upbringing of people with visual impairments. It demonstrates the convergence between her assumptions and methods with current trends in the field of sight rehabilitation, development of spatial orientation, social attitudes towards the blind, adaptation of books and aids, early development support, rehabilitation education and the importance of work for the blind. The above mentioned issues are extremely important for the improvement of living conditions of the blind as well as for their integration as contributing members of society. The value of the Order of Franciscan Sisters Servants of the Cross, founded by the Charity of Franciscan women, is confirmed through its century long period of activity and the high level of institutions it operates in Poland and around the world. The work which Róża Czacka began is constantly developing in accordance with the founder's main principles of preparing the visually impaired, within the context of a religious upbringing, to lead independent lives.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono dokonania Róży Czackiej i jej poglądy na rehabilitację, edukację i wychowanie osób z niepełnosprawnością narządu wzroku. Wykazano zbieżność jej założeń tyflologicznych ze współczesnymi tendencjami w zakresie rehabilitacji wzroku, rozwijania orientacji przestrzennej, postaw społecznych wobec osób niewidomych, adaptacji książek i pomocy, wczesnego wspomaganie rozwoju, wychowania rehabilitującego, znaczenia pracy dla osób niewidomych. Rozważania na temat wszystkich wymienionych zagadnień są ponadczasowe i niezwykle ważne, ponieważ w konsekwencji prowadzą do ułatwienia życia osobom niewidomym i do ich integracji ze społeczeństwem. O wartości założonego przez Różę Czacką Zgromadzenia Franciszkanek Służebnic Krzyża świadczy stuletni okres jego istnienia i wysoki poziom prowadzonych instytucji w Polsce i na świecie. Jej „Dzieło” ciągle się rozwija zgodnie z jej głównymi założeniami. Tak jak tego oczekiwała, realizowany jest ideał wychowania religijnego i przygotowania młodzieży do samodzielności w życiu oraz pracy zawodowej. 
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