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1

Rozlehlá krajina jmen v literárním díle Oty Hofmana

100%
Pastyřík S.
Onomastica Slavogermanica
|
2019
|
vol. 31
95-100
EN
The article is an analysis of proper names in the oeuvre of one of the best known Czech authors in the second half of the 20th century. The author discusses their various functions in literary texts, stressing at the same time the strong link between Hofman’s works and the current social situation, which effectively prevents their publication in the new, changed times.
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Ke statusu a funkci názvů železničních stanic a zastávek s čistě propriální motivací

84%
Mitter P.
Acta onomastica
|
2018
|
vol. 59
|
issue 1
155-166
EN
The study deals with the status and function of names of railway stations and stops with purely proprial function. It is possible to distinguish two main categories of these names. The first category is formed by names without a proprial modifier - they have dominant orientational function. The second category contains distinguishing proprial modifier and can be sorted to two basic subtypes. The first subtype is represented by names constituted from two proprial component, the second of which can be an oikonym, anoikonym, urbanonym or a name of a human products (chrematonym). These names have a dominant orientational and distinguishing function. The second subtype consists of names that are not in compliance with the official form of motivating toponyms. These names have a dominant orientational function and also distinguishing and pseudodistinguishing function.
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Toponyma v názvech českých hraných filmů

84%
Volejník R.
Acta onomastica
|
2017
|
vol. 58
150-157
EN
This article deals with toponyms in the names of Czech and Czechoslovak films from the years 1898‒2010. This topic will be also a part of author’s forthcoming dissertation about the names of Czech films. There are only 173 names which contain toponyms from the total amount of 2,293 movie titles. Toponyms are categorized into groups according to lexical denotation. The names of films usually indicate a place where the movie is set in, a place important for the plot of the film or film theme. These are mainly the names of states and territories, names of towns, their parts and streets, buildings and names of mountains and hills. Toponyms often determine the place of origin of the main character too. Most of toponyms refer to the topography of the Czech Republic and the absolutely majority of toponyms refer to the city of Prague. Most of toponyms reflect the reality and has a Czech form.
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Psaní velkých písmen u toponym v češtině: polemický pohled:

84%
Štěpán P.
Acta onomastica
|
2020
|
vol. 61
|
issue 2
417-439
EN
The article points out the most striking problems of the Czech codification of capitalisation in toponyms in which disagreement with onomastic theory is displayed. The first part of the paper focuses on capitalisation in prepositional toponyms, mostly street names. According to the new codification, valid since 1993, in prepositional toponyms the word following the preposition should be always written with a capital letter. This rule has not been respected by some local authorities (including the Prague municipal authority) or by the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre. The second part, forming the core of the paper, argues against the theory of the so-called generic and proper-name component of a naming unit which is used for explaining the principles of codification of proper names’ capitalisation. According to the author, this theory is in contradiction with onomastic principles. The last (and shortest) part deals with capitalisation in toponyms containing two subsequent adjectives. The character of the paper is polemical; it points at the inconsistency of the current codification of proper names’ capitalisation in Czech, as well as recent treatises on this topic. The aim of the paper is not to provoke an instant and impetuous codification change, but to stimulate a discussion on this topic.
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Hujcze, Hujsko, Nahujowice. Nietypowy rezultat typowego (regularnego) rozwoju fonetycznego

84%
Duda H.
Acta onomastica
|
2023
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vol. 64
|
issue 2
331-343
EN
The article discusses regular linguistic processes in some proper names which show mutual Polish-Ruthenian linguistic contacts – Hujcze, Hujsko, Nahujowice. Today’s native Polish speakers find those names really expressive and/or offensive. This is caused by the similarity between a part huj and Polish word chuj, which is a swearword for penis. The analysis has shown that in every one of those names the part huj comes from a different root and any associations with the word chuj are unfounded. Regular linguistic processes might lead to developing atypical proper names.
CS
Článek pojednává o pravidelných jazykových procesech u některých místních jmen, jež jsou svědectvím vzájemného polsko-rusínského jazykového kontaktu – Hujcze, Hujsko, Nahujowice. Dnešní rodilí polští mluvčí považují tato jména za výrazně expresivní a/nebo urážlivá. To je způsobeno podobností mezi částí huj a polským podstatným jménem chuj ‚penis‘. Analýza ukázala, že v každém z těchto jmen pochází část huj z jiného kořene a jakékoli asociace se slovem chuj jsou neopodstatněné. Pravidelné jazykové procesy mohou vést ke vzniku atypických vlastních jmen.
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The Greek-Roman world of mythological names in the Purgatorio from Alighieri’s Commedia

84%
Kalashnikov A.
Národopisný věstník
|
2022
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vol. 63
|
issue 1
146-156
EN
The article examines the onymic space in the Purgatorio, cantica two of the Commedia by Alighieri. The article will argue that the variety of the mythological names (mythonyms) represented a quite numerous group of names serving to depict the then recent idea of Purgatory both in the regions of the second kingdom, i. e. Ante-Purgatory, Purgatory itself, as well as Earthly Paradise, which shows that the cantica contributed to spreading ancient myths in Renaissance culture. The ancient mythonyms are presented in every region of Purgatory, while the share of the ancient historical names is lower. Overall, though the onymic space in the cantica addressed the actual events contemporary to Alighieri, the mythology occupied a sufficient share in the Purgatorio. Key
CS
Článek se zabývá onymickým prostorem Purgatoria (Očistce), druhé části Dantovy Božské komedie. Cílem článku je ukázat, že různorodá mytologická jména (mythonyma) zde představují poměrně početnou skupinu jmen, která slouží k vykreslení tehdy nové představy očistce v oblastech druhého království, tj. předočistce a očistce, a také pozemského ráje, což ukazuje, že tato část Božské komedie přispěla svým dílem k šíření starověkých mýtů v renesanční kultuře. Starověká mytologická jména jsou přítomna v každé oblasti očistce, kdežto podíl starověkých historických jmen je nižší. Celkově je možné říct, že ačkoliv se onymický prostor ve druhém zpěvu Božské komedie vztahuje k soudobým událostem Alighieriho doby, (starověké) mytologii byl v Očistci také věnován dostatečný prostor.
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Nazwy katolickich grup modlitewnych (na przykładzie wspólnot Odnowy w Duchu Świętym)

84%
Cieśla B.
Národopisný věstník
|
2022
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vol. 63
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issue 1
69-81
EN
The purpose of the article is to analyse the names given to Catholic prayer communities that address their activities primarily to lay people. The analysis includes 100 names of communities associated under the aegis of the Charismatic Renewal. The description presents their structural, pragmatic and semantic features. The exposed onyms have several purposes, among which the most important is the identifying function. In addition they provide information about the community and its members, emphasize the attitude of the meeting participants to God or people who are the subject of religious worship, comprise instructions, evangelistic content and calls for Christian faith. Some of them are a form of prayer and a manifestation of the constitution of reality that we know from biblical accounts.
CS
Tento článek analyzuje názvy katolických modlitebních skupin, které mají přiblížit aktivity daných skupin především lidem „zvenku“. V analýze je použito 100 názvů komunit, které se sdružují v rámci katolické charismatické obnovy a zkoumány jsou strukturní, pragmatické a sémantické vlastnosti těchto názvů. Zkoumané názvy mají několik funkcí, přičemž nejvýznamnější z nich je funkce identifikační. Kromě toho poskytují informaci o dané komunitě a jejích členech, zdůrazňují postoj k Bohu nebo k lidem, kteří se náboženských obřadů také účastní, obsahují pokyny, evangelický obsah a výzvy ke křesťanské víře. Některé z nich jsou samy o sobě formou modlitby a ukázkou pojetí reality tak, jak ji známe z biblických vyprávění.
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K termínu "lidová etymologie" v české onomastice

84%
Dvořáková Ž.
Národopisný věstník
|
2022
|
vol. 63
|
issue 2
367-378
EN
The term folk etymology is traditionally used to denote an erroneous, usually arbitrary connection of an etymologically opaque word to a word which is similar in the form or meaning but it is of different origin. Our approach is wider, we consider folk etymology as a part of folk linguistics. Folk (or also learned) etymology is one of the oldest methods of interpreting proper names and we can meet this phenomenon as early as in medieval chronicles. Folk interpretations often grow into size of etymological tales. They represent the period of the so-called pre-scientific etymology. However, folk etymology has not been replaced by scientific etymology, it is still alive and part of language users’ awareness. The term “folk etymology” was introduced by E. Förstemann in his paper Über deutsche Volksetymologie / About German Folk Etymology (1852) where he mentioned a whole range of examples for proper names. The term folk etymology coined by Förstemann was, despite some criticism, adopted into other languages including Czech. Three years later and independently of Förstemann, H. Wedgwood published a paper on what he called “false etymologies”. Similar terms actually appear in other languages as well but they are considered problematic as they imply something improper. Folk etymology is sometimes treated as a non-scientific deformation of a language reality, as a misleading, deceptive preconception, which the educated scientists shall make sure to remove. F. de Saussure even supported the idea of folk etymology being something “pathological”. However, this opinion of his was frequently criticised. Nowadays, we do not perceive folk etymology as something wrong which is to be corrected. In our conception, the folk etymology is understood as a natural tendency of language users to explain foreign and opaque words as well as proper names, and to interpret, search and clarify the meaning connections even if these are not present.
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The  functions of characters' proper names in men at arms by Terry Pratchett

84%
Gibka M. K.
Acta onomastica
|
2018
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vol. 59
|
issue 1
54-68
EN
The aim of this article is to examine the functions of characters’ proper names in Men at Arms by Terry Pratchett - a second novel in the City Watch Cycle. The study is based on the theory of "Two Acts" which divides the analysed functions into the permanent and the momentary. The first are identified, defined and discussed on the basis of the naming act in Men at Arms and the latter undergo an analogous process on the basis of the act of using a name in the novel.
CS
Cílem článku je analýza funkcí jmen postav v románu Terryho Pratchetta Muži ve zbrani, druhého románu cyklu Městská hlídka. Příspěvek je založen na teorii "dvou aktů", která analyzované funkce klasifikuje na funkce permanentní a momentální. Funkce permanentní jsou identifikovány, definovány a probírány na základě pojmenovacího aktu v Mužích ve zbrani, funkce momentální jsou chápány na základě aktu užívání jména v románu.
10
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Socioonomastika - lze ji vymezit jako samostatnou disciplínu?

83%
Rausová J.
Onomastica
|
2017
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vol. 61
|
issue 1
281-293
EN
This study is focused on scholarship on proper names within a sociolinguistic framework. The main aim of this study is to clarify the term socio-onomastics and its meaning and usage with regards to toponomastics. Special attention is paid to the genesis of socio-onomastics and to the relations between sociolinguistics, onomastics and socio-onomastics. The influence of social aspects on the act of naming and on the entire existence of names is also taken into consideration when discussing the use of socio-onomastics. The text discusses views and attitudes towards the topic presented in linguistic literature. The socio-onomastic aspects are predominantly studied in scholarship on personal names, e.g. name creation and choice. In the case of place names, they are studied more rarely and the research pays attention mostly to the usage of place names in communication. Available toponomastic and anthroponomastic works using the term socio-onomastics in their description have been analyzed, as well as theoretical onomastic literature, producing several findings of differences in the usage of this term. The main topics of socio-antroponomastic literature are anthroponymy of various social groups, social aspects of name choice, social aspects of the development of naming systems, popularity of names, nicknames, hypocorisms and slang naming. The socio-toponomastic works mainly deal with the toponymy of various social groups, toponymic competence (knowledge and usage of toponyms), non-standardized toponyms, slang toponyms, social-based toponyms (commemorative toponyms), social-based renaming, and the linguistic landscape.
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Antroponyma v názvech českých hraných filmů

67%
Volejník R.
Acta onomastica
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2016
|
vol. 56
219-225
EN
This paper is more or less an overview about anthroponyms in the names of Czech films (shot between 1898 and 2010), which will be a part of the author´s forthcoming doctoral thesis on the names of Czech films. It is not meant to be a complete description, but an introductory-illustrative overview of the topic. The outcome of the paper is that anthroponyms constitute a rich part of the names of Czech films and deserve a more detailed research (as well as the problematics of Czech film names itself).
12
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Jak se vyslovují názvy cizích obchodních značek v televizních reklamách?

67%
Duběda T.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
|
2015
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vol. 6
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issue 2
76-91
EN
In this article we analyse phonetic aspects of foreign brand names appearing in Czech TV advertisements. We first define eight principles which underlie the phonological adaptation of loanwords, and describe their relevance for the TV advertisement genre. Next we proceed to an analysis of 200 brand names retrieved from TV broadcasting. The results confirm the dominance of the phonological approximation principle, which is often combined with the spelling pronunciation principle. Original pronunciation, respecting foreign phonology, is surprisingly rare, although TV advertising is a dynamic and highly globalised media genre.
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"Jméno to působilo na mne odjakživa zvláštním kouzlem" - metajazykový pohled na propria v publicistice čtyř českých spisovatelů

67%
Reclik A.
Acta onomastica
|
2023
|
vol. 64
|
issue 2
372-387
EN
The study focuses on the use of proper names in the articles of four Czech writers: Jan Neruda (1834–1891), Svatopluk Čech (1846–1908), Karel Čapek (1890–1938), and Karel Poláček (1892–1945), who reflected not only Czech culture and society, but also the Czech language. Given their avid interest in linguistics, the aim of this paper is to analyze the authors’ linguistic takes on proper names as reflected in their art journalism (essays, feuilletons, and columns). The present analysis focuses on their opinions of, for instance, naming of public spaces, personal names (and whether they use them stereotypically), misuse of proper names in politics, and naming in advertising. Their attitudes towards the naming strategy (seen as a linguistic strategy) are always examined in the context of the dominating linguistic views of the given period (the views on the language norms in particular), from approximately the 1850s until the 1930s. This approach, combined with a literary-cultural one, allows us to cover the issue comprehensively. The study is based on the chapter of the forthcoming dissertation Language and linguistic issues and their reflection in the works of selected Czech writers.
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Ke statusu, motivaci a funkci názvů železničních stanic a zastávek v Ústeckém kraji

67%
Mitter P.
Acta onomastica
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2016
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vol. 56
155-165
EN
The study deals with description of current state of railway stations names in the region of Ústí nad Labem. On the grounds of analysis of 211 names of railway stations in the Ústí nad Labem region we discovered that 135 names were fully in compliance with place name marking city or urban area in which cadaster or in its imminent proximity railway stations were located. From the remaining 76 names contained 44 names distinguish an atribute as a proper name, 31 names an appellative, 1 name occured in a mixed appellatively-proprial form (1 name).
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Топоніми як соціолінгвістичні маркери мовної ідентичності території

67%
Mykhalchuk O.
Acta onomastica
|
2024
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vol. 65
|
issue 1
138-158
EN
The article deals with the role of place names in the context of language identity of a territory. The scale of variability of toponyms depends on the linguistic situation, political changes, and stratification of society. National standardization of proper names in this context is an integral component of the territorial integrity of the state. The study focuses on ethnolinguistic and ideological markers of the toponymic dimension of identity in the context of the Ukrainian language reality. The issue of the prevalence of official and unofficial names in the parameters of the socio-ethnic and linguistic structure of society is raised. In particular, the article deals with the sociolinguistic variability of nominations in multilingual regions of Ukraine and interlingual interaction at the level of toponymy in situations of bilingualism. The study shows the dynamics of linguistic manifestations and linguistic changes, in particular, on the example of the toponymy of Chernivtsi region, Transcarpathia and Crimea, urbanonymy of Kyiv, Dnipro, Chernivtsi. The reasons, strategies, and principles of these changes are schematized. The study is also an attempt to show how the destruction of ethnolinguistic markers and the emergence of “artificial” names in the toponymy of the Soviet period became instruments of language and ideological pressure on the historical linguistic identity of the territories. This article pays considerable attention to the trends of modern renaming processes in Ukraine and the role of place names in the information society in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war. It is noted that the sociolinguistic markers of the place name system influence the formation of linguistic and ideological stereotypes in modern society.
CS
Článek se zabývá rolí toponymie v kontextu jazykové identity území. Škála variability toponym závisí na jazykové situaci, politických změnách a stratifikaci společnosti. Národní standardizace vlastních jmen je v tomto kontextu nedílnou součástí územní celistvosti státu. Hlavním zaměřením studie jsou etnolingvistické a ideologické znaky toponymické dimenze identity v kontextu ukrajinské jazykové reality. Nastolena je problematika rozšířenosti oficiálních a neoficiálních jmen v parametrech sociálně-etnické a jazykové struktury společnosti. Zejména jde o sociolingvistickou variabilitu názvů ve vícejazyčných regionech Ukrajiny a mezijazykovou interakci na úrovni toponymie v situacích bilingvismu. Studie ukazuje dynamiku jazykových projevů a jazykových změn, zejména na příkladu toponymie Černovické oblasti, Zakarpatské oblasti a Krymu, urbanonymie Kyjeva, Dnipra, Černovic. Schematicky určujeme příčiny, strategie a principy těchto změn. Výzkum je také pokusem ukázat, jak se ničení etnolingvistických znaků a vznik „umělých“ jmen v toponymii sovětského období staly nástroji jazykového a ideologického tlaku na historickou jazykovou identitu území. Značná pozornost je v tomto článku věnována trendům moderních procesů přejmenovávání na Ukrajině a roli toponym v informační společnosti v kontextu rusko-ukrajinské války. Je třeba poznamenat, že sociolingvistické markery toponymického systému ovlivňují tvoření lingvistických a světonázorových stereotypů v moderní společnosti.
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Archiv Českého rozhlasu a jeho využití pro onomastiku

59%
Lábus V.
Acta onomastica
|
2016
|
vol. 56
140-146
EN
The article introduces historical audio archive of the Czech Radio as means for linguistic and onomastic surveys. The archive has been made accessible and searchable through a software platform that was developed for the automatic transcription of a spoken text. The archive enables to analyze various features of both common nouns and proper names, such as frequency, pronunciation, grammatical characteristics, etc. The author focuses on the most frequent proper names in the year 1977, and compares them with relevant data from the corpora Totalita. Besides that the article also deals with relations between official multi-word proper names, shortened versions, and their initial abbreviations.
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Russkij Ivan i ego „braťja“ : pol'sk. Jan i fr. Jean (K voprosu o etnokul'turnoj specifike ličnogo imeni)

51%
Feoktistova, Ljubov´, Spiridonov D.
Acta onomastica
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2016
|
vol. 56
76-92
EN
The article focuses on the Russian personal name Ivan in comparison with Polish Jan and French Jean. Based on an analysis of secondary appellative derivatives of these names in the Russian, Polish (including Kashubian) and French (including Occitan) dialects and colloquial languages, the authors reconstruct the ethno-cultural portraits of prototypical bearers of these names in corresponding languages. The analysis shows that the Russian Ivan, whose name often serves as a symbol of „russianess“, has very few specific features as compared to his French and Polish „brothers“. This conclusion leads to the question on ethnolinguistic mechanisms of derivation from personal names which, in the perspective of the contrastive study of deonyms, seem to be relatively universal.
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