Search results

1

Rynkowa wycena absolwentów studiów ekonomicznych w Polsce

100%

Rocki M.

Ekonomista

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2018

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issue 1

89-102

PL

Artykuł zawiera analizę wynagrodzeń absolwentów rocznika 2014 polskich uczelni prowadzących studia na kierunkach ekonomicznych oraz wskazuje niektóre czynniki różnicujące ich wynagrodzenia. Analiza oparta jest na danych pochodzących z raportów generowanych w ramach „Ogólnopolskiego systemu monitorowania losów absolwentów szkół wyższych”. Dane te wskazują, że najwyższe wynagrodzenia uzyskują absolwenci uczelni ekonomicznych (zwłaszcza publicznych). Okazuje się też, że oferta studiów ekonomicznych ze strony innych typów uczelni, a w szczególności uczelni uniwersyteckich i techniczno-przyrodniczych (poza nielicznymi wyjątkami), nie odpowiada potrzebom rynku pracy, o czym świadczą relatywnie niskie wynagrodzenia uzyskiwane przez ich absolwentów.

EN

The article contains an analysis of the remuneration received by the 2014 graduates of the Polish schools conducting economic education on tertiary level; it also indicates some factors responsible for wage differentiation observed among them. The analysis is based on the data taken from the reports generated in the framework of the “Polish system of monitoring the fates of college graduates”. The data indicate that the highest wages are obtained by the graduates of economic schools (notably public). It also turns out that economic courses offered by other types of schools, particularly general universities and technical or natural science schools (with few exceptions) do not match the needs of labour markets, as reflected in relatively low wages received by their graduates.

RU

Статья содержит анализ величины заработной платы выпускников 2014 года экономических факультетов польских вузов и указывает на некоторые факторы, приводящие к дифференциации их доходов. Автор использовал информацию, содержащуюся в отчетах, генерируемых в рамках «Всепольской системы мониторинга судеб выпускников вузов». Эти данные указывают, что самую высокую заработную плату получают выпускники чисто экономических вузов (особенно государственных). Программы обучения экономическим специальностям, предлагаемые другими типами вузов, особенно университетов, а также технических и природоведческих вузов (кроме немногочисленных исключений), не отвечают потребностям рынка труда, о чем свидетельствуют относительно низкие зарплаты их выпускников.

2

Wpływ poziomych i pionowych niedopasowań edukacyjnych na wynagrodzenia

100%

Ekonomista

|

2018

|

issue 1

50-67

PL

Celem artykułu jest oszacowanie wpływu niedopasowań o charakterze poziomym (poziom wykształcenia formalnie ten sam co wymagany na danym stanowisku, lecz inny co do kierunku) oraz pionowym (różnica w poziomie wykształcenia posiadanego w stosunku do wymaganego dla danego rodzaju pracy) na wynagrodzenia absolwentów szkół w Polsce. Źródłem danych jest duży zbiór danych ankietowych zgromadzony w 2014 r. w ramach projektu prowadzonego w Instytucie Badań Edukacyjnych. W badaniu empirycznym wykorzystano model wynagrodzeń oparty na równaniu płac Mincera z korektą Heckmana ze względu na nielosową próbę osób pracujących. Wyniki badania wskazują, że istnieje ujemna premia płacowa z tytułu niedopasowań o charakterze poziomym – tym większa, im większa jest skala tego niedopasowania. Natomiast w przypadku niedopasowań o charakterze pionowym istnieje dodatnia premia płacowa związana z faktem posiaania wykształcenia niższego niż wymagane w aktualnie wykonywanej pracy (undereducation) oraz ujemna premia związana z faktem wykonywania pracy, która wymaga wykształcenia o poziomie niższym niż aktualnie posiadane (overeducation).

EN

The aim of the article was to assess the impact of horizontal and vertical educational mismatches on wages of various school graduates in Poland. (Horizontal mismatch is understood as formally the same educational level as required for the given job while vertical mismatch denotes another educational level than required for the given job, meaning undereducation or overeducation). The data source was a large set of survey data collected in 2014 under a research project „Social and economic determinants of choices made by persons at the age between 19 and 30 years concerning studying”, conducted in the Institute of Education Research. In the empirical research, a remuneration model was used based on Mincer’s equation, with Heckman’s correction because of non-random sample of employed. The results indicate that there exists a negative wage premium due to horizontal mismatch, which is the larger, the larger the mismatch is. In the case of vertical mismatch, there is a positive wage premium due to undereducation and a negative wage premium due to overeducation.

RU

В статье проводится оценка влияния несоответствий горизонтального характера (уровень образования формально отвечает требованиям данной должности, но другой по направлению) и вертикального характера (разница в уровне имеющегося образования по отношению к требуемому для данного вида работы) на вознаграждение выпускников школ в Польше. Источником информации является большой ресурс анкетных данных, собранных в 2014 г. в рамках проекта, проводимого в Институте исследований образования. В эмпирическом исследовании была использована модель вознаграждения, рассчитанная с помощью уравнения заработной платы Минцера с корректировкой Хекмана из-за неслучайной выборки работающих лиц. Результаты исследования указывают на наличие отрицательной премии в зарплате из-за несоответствий горизонтального характера, которая находится в линейной зависимости от величины несоответствия. В случае несоответствий вертикального характера существует положительная премия в зарплате, связанная с более низким, чем того требует данная должность, уровнем образования (undereducation), а также отрицательная премия, связанная с выполнением работы, которая требует более низкого уровня образования, чем то, которое имеет работник (overeducation).

3

Macroeconomic Conditions Determining the Level and the Rate of Changes of Wages and Salaries in Poland in 2007-2012

100%

Kwiatkowska W.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

|

2013

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vol. 8

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issue 4

297-31

EN

This study characterized and evaluated the level and rate of change in wages and salaries in Poland in 2007-2012 and analysed the main macroeconomic determinants of their development. The analysis present changes to average wage, minimal wage and fair wage. Their level and rate of change are determined by macroeconomic factors, particularly economic growth processes, changes in productivity of labour, inflation rate and the situation on the labour market. A quite strong correlation can be observed between the rate of changes of the real GDP and the development of average nominal wages. Inflation processes affect the growth of nominal wages but they lead to a decrease in real wages. The growth of the unemployment rate affected the reduction of the growth rate of nominal wages. 297-316

4

Wage determination, Global Value Chains and role played by wage bargaining schemes: The case of Poland

100%

Nikulin D., Wolszczak-Derlacz J.

Economics and Business Review

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2022

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vol. 8

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issue 4

88-110

EN

This study examines the linkages between GVC involvement and wages in Poland given different wage bargaining schemes. The analysis is based on microdata from the European Structure of Earnings Survey for Poland combined with sectoral data from the World Input-Output Database. In particular, two measures of GVC involvement were used: the share of foreign value added (FVA) to export and the measure of traditional offshoring. The institutional settings are represented by the wage bargaining scheme which reflects the level at which the collective pay is agreed. The results show that despite the lack of a significant relationship between the sectoral involvement in GVC and the level of wages in Poland, on average workers covered by the collective pay agreement receive higher wages. Moreover, the wage-GVC nexus is conditioned on the type of pay agreements: the positive wage effect from national agreements is eliminated for a certain range of GVC intensity.

5

Childcare and eldercare and Polish employees’ remunerations

100%

Witkowska D., Kompa K.

Przegląd Statystyczny

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2019

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vol. 66

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issue 2

125-141

EN

Providing care for one’s relatives is always a sacrifice, which, aside from the reduction of income, often entails the worsening of one’s professional position and, consequently, a lower pension in the future. The aim of the paper is to establish if the phenomenon of the loss of income by family caregivers (care penalty) is observable in the Polish labour market, and if it is, whom it affects. The research was carried out on the basis of the data from the Polish Labour Force Survey (LFS) 2009Q1. Factors affecting employees' income were identified using regression models which contained explana-tory variables describing the employees and the structure of their families as well as the characteristics of their workplaces. The analysis was performed separately for all the respondents, according to the respondents’ sex, and for female employees aged 25–54. The parameters of the models of monthly and hourly wages which used various sets of variables reflecting the family structure were estimated using the OLS method. Introducing variables representing the structure of households made it possible to observe that both the phenomena of the loss of income by working mothers (motherhood penalty) and of the loss of income by caregivers of elderly relatives (eldercare penalty) do apply to the Polish labour market. The study also demonstrated that the reduction of caregivers' income, especially that of the caregivers of the elderly, affects mostly women aged 25-54. The results of the research indicate that a vast number of Polish families function according to the traditional model, where it is mostly women who combine the role of a caregiver with their professional career.

6

Zmiany struktury zatrudnienia i produktywności a wynagrodzenia w przekroju regionalnym w latach 2005–2010

100%

Zieliński M., Jonek-Kowalska I.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2012

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issue 2(28)

41-48

EN

The paper concerns changes taking place on regional labor markets in Poland in the years 2005–2010. The most important factor affecting the labor market was the accession of Poland to the European Union in this period, as it evoked the need for adjustments of a structural character. The statistical analysis presented in the paper is based on the data published by GUS (Central Statistical Office) in the Statistical Yearbooks of Regions and includes: changes of the employment sector level and structure and changes of the work productivity and wages level. The basic hypotheses were the statements that in the analyzed period there was an improvement in the employment structure according to sectors, differences in wages between the regions decreased and there was a relation between work productivity and wages. On the basis of the statistical data concerning the period 2005–2010 it was determined that, among the research hypotheses stated, only the third may be considered fully confirmed. Most of the data questions the hypothesis about the decrease of regional differences in the situation on the labor market. The changes of employment structure were only beneficial in terms of the fall in the share of employment in the second sector (heavy industry and construction) as well as the growth in employment in the third sector (services). The period of five years of 2005–2010 also brought increase, although contrary to the expected long-term tendencies, in the share of employment in the first sector.

7

The labor issue in the USA in the first half of the 20th century. The contribution of the Catholic Church to its solution

100%

Graban M.

Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym

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2017

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vol. 20

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issue 7

131-148

EN

The stance of the Catholic Church in the United States of America on the problems related to workers’ wages is an interesting issue from the point of view of the ethics of economic life and the development of Catholic social thought. The interpretation of the main Catholic social ideas contained in Leo XIII’s encyclical letter Rerum novarum was made by Father John Augustine Ryan (1896–1945), who soon became a major proponent of the idea that a good economic policy can only result from good ethics. In the history of the United States of America, the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries was a time of the development of labor unions, associations and workers’ organizations as well as the consolidation of efforts to achieve equitable remuneration (a living wage) and regulate working conditions. It was also a time of struggling with the ideas of socialism and nationalism. The Catholic Church played a significant role in the discourse on these issues, including the influence of John A. Ryan. His efforts led to one of the most important interpretations of economic life: The Program of Social Reconstruction (1919), and some of its postulates can be found in the New Deal legislation.

8

Multinational Enterprises, Foreign Knowledge and Host Country

100%

Cieślik A.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2012

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vol. 7

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issue 1

EN

In this paper we study how the expansion of multinational enterprises in the host country affects its wages using a general equilibrium factor specific framework for a small open economy with a flexible labor market. We identify three potential effects of MNE activity associated with the transfer of foreign knowledge, diffusion of this knowledge among indigenous firms and the inflow of capital from abroad. We show that the impact of multinational enterprises on wages in the host country depends on differences in capital intensity between multinational and local sectors, the amount of capital transferred to the host country from abroad and the magnitude of knowledge spillovers stemming from multinational activity to indigenous firms.

9

The Differentiation of Wages in Polish Economy in the Years 2005-2012

100%

Kwiatkowska W.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

|

2015

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vol. 10

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issue 1

37-61

EN

The study characterized and analysed the differentiation of wages in Poland in the years 2005-2012. The analysis present changes of the level of wages in connection with such criteria as sections of economic activity, owner-ship sectors, occupations, sex, level of education and work experience. The analysis will make it possible to reflect on the main socio-economic reasons for wage differentiation, which may have a significant impact on the change of employment structure in Poland.

10

Wpływ wykształcenia wyższego na ogólny poziom wynagrodzeń w sektorze przedsiębiorstw w Polsce w latach 2005-2014

100%

Szczepanik M.

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

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2016

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issue 2 (10)

49-61

EN

Empirical research concerning the relation between level of remuneration and education of labour force has been conducted in different countries for many years. Not only economists and politicians are interested in this vital issue but also the majority of society. The level of wages is important for all employed and unemployed people. The relationship between the level of remuneration and education of labour force has significant influence on making decision process. Studying at a university is not only financial investment but also long-term life investment, because nobody can get back years spending on studying. The purpose of this article is to analyze influence of higher education on the general level of remuneration in the enterprises sector in Poland (macroeconomics interpretation). Most empirical research focuses on microeconomics interpretation of the relation between the level of wages and education of labour force.In the first part of the article the connection between university education and the level of wages, described in the theory of economy and empirical research conducted in different countries, is presented. Linear correlation between quarterly data describing variables (percentage of people with higher education in the community of 15- 64 years old people; average real and nominal remuneration in the enterprises sector in Poland) since 2005 to 2014 was used in order to reach the main goal of the paper. Using quarterly data enabled to obtain proper amount of observations. Some measures were undertaken to eliminate the trend and seasonal influence on the results of research (first subtractions, dynamics of variables) in order to avoid a danger of apparent correlation. Other procedure (variables’ shifts in time) was used to precisely point the direction of correlation between variables. Of course the results of the research were also analyzed using the theory of economics and the results of empirical research conducted in different countries. This methodology, described above, enables to draw reliable conclusions. The research conducted in this paper allowed to obtain unequivocal but surprising results. The clear, statistically reliable, negative influence of a change of a percentage of people with higher education on the dynamics of a change of general level of remuneration (either nominal or real) in the enterprises sector in Poland in the analyzed period was found out. This influence was observed with no delay and also with twoquarter delay. Additionally spatial analysis (in regional scale) in chosen years was conducted to confirm the results of the main research. It enabled to draw a conclusion that despite the fact that employees with higher education earn more than other workers, the dynamics of the growth of their wages was decreasing. It was probably due to the fact that the percentage of people with higher education in Polish society was growing rapidly in analyzed years and a quick increase in work supply of employees with university education lowered the dynamics of a growth of general level of remuneration in the enterprises sector.

75%

Broniatowska P., Majchrowska A., Nasiński M.

Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics

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2020

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issue 3

18

The Dimensions of Territorial Embeddedness of the Business Services Sector in Central and Eastern Europe

75%

Geodecki T.

Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance

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2021

|

issue 2(56)

15-31

EN

The business services sector (BSS) is gaining an increasingly important position in the employment structure of Central and Eastern European (CEE) cities. With the emergence of global value chains, the demand for externally provided shared services for subsidiaries spread across the world, including accounting and IT services has grown. In recent decades, leading companies have recognised that thanks to remote communication, some services can be provided in places where labour costs are significantly lower. Even before the 2004 enlargement of the European Union, multinational corporations began to move the labour-intensive links of their value chains to the CEE countries. In the debate about the future of the BSS in these low-cost economies two challenges have been identified. The first one is the threat of relocation. The other one is associated with weaker linkages between service companies and local customers/suppliers than in Western Europe. These two challenges can be addressed by tackling the third one, namely increasing process efficiency. In consequence, even an increased share of foreign contractors does not have to reduce the scale of cooperation with local entities. The aim of this paper is first to propose a range of measures of territorial embeddedness to describe the phenomenon in question and the above-mentioned challenges, and second, to use these measures to determine the level and dynamics of embeddedness of the BSS in CEE economies. In the empirical part of the paper, changes in these three areas that make up territorial embeddedness are explored in depth. Eight divisions covering the BSS in CEE-11 countries were compared with their Western European counterparts at two points in time: in 2000 and 2014. The study relies on basic statistical data and calculations using input-output tables. It was found that due to productivity growth, the cost competitiveness of the BSS in the CEE countries was maintained in the period of interest, moreover, despite the growing internationalisation of the sector, the scale of cooperation of the BSS with local actors increased. The rapidly improving skills of employees in the Central European BSS as well as the growing importance of knowledge-intensive services in the structure of value added may further contribute to the importance of CEE as a location for business services in Europe.

19

Labour costs in the aerospace industry: LMDI decomposition of aerospace manufacturing payrolls

75%

Machay M., Hajko V.

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

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2020

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issue 23

56-75

EN

A novel approach to aggregated payroll data analysis using the logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition is applied to the US Aerospace manufacturing industry during the period of 1998 to 2012, both in nominal and real terms. The period covered improves the understanding of how the aerospace manufacturing industry deals with severe economic blows in the area of the most important factor of production, namely labour. The decomposition was based on three factors: the wage effect, the size and the number effect. The results show that the wages are less influential than the restructuring processes when considering the aggregated payroll. Unlike what simple wage indices suggest, the wage effect in real terms contributed only to a moderate increase in payrolls by a factor of 1.15, which is about the same contribution resulting from the increasing number of firms in the industry. The cumulative size effect in the investigated period was about 0.647. The results show that the relatively stable real labour costs of the US aerospace industry were a consequence of the shrinking size of firms which compensated the growth of average wages.

PL

Nowatorskie podejście do zagregowanej analizy danych płacowych z wykorzystaniem średniej logarytmicznej rozkładu indeksu Divisia zostało zastosowane w przemyśle wytwórczym US Aerospace w latach 1998-2012, w ujęciu zarówno nominalnym, jak i realnym. Omawiany okres pozwala lepiej zrozumieć, jak przemysł lotniczy i kosmiczny radzi sobie z poważnymi ciosami gospodarczymi w obszarze najważniejszego czynnika produkcji, jakim jest praca. Dekompozycja opierała się na trzech czynnikach: efekcie płacowym, wielkości i efekcie liczbowym. Wyniki pokazują, że płace mają mniejszy wpływ niż procesy restrukturyzacyjne, jeśli wziąć pod uwagę zagregowane listy płac. W przeciwieństwie do tego, co sugerują proste indeksy płac, efekt płacowy w ujęciu realnym przyczynił się jedynie do umiarkowanego wzrostu wynagrodzeń o współczynnik 1,15, czyli mniej więcej o tyle samo, ile wynika z rosnącej liczby firm w branży. Łączny efekt wielkości w badanym okresie wyniósł około 0,647. Wyniki pokazują, że relatywnie stabilne realne koszty pracy w amerykańskim przemyśle lotniczym były konsekwencją zmniejszania się wielkości firm, co rekompensowało wzrost średnich płac.

20

Offshoring and wages: Evidence from EU manufacturing industries

75%

Hamulczuk M., Kraciuk J.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2019

|

issue vol. 63, nr 7

47-57

EN

Progressing globalization processes are evidenced in e.g. the relocation of production and service processes abroad, a practice referred to as offshoring. They might result in changes in local labour markets all over the world. In this context, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of offshoring on the level of wages in the manufacturing industries of European Union member countries. The research was based on data from 19 industries from the WIOD database (edition 2016). In order to examine the influence of offshoring on wages, panel models with fixed effects were applied. A generalized least squares method was used for their estimation. The results obtained indicate that offshoring might have a negative impact on wages in the “old EU” member countries and a neutral influence on wages in the “new EU” countries. At the same time, it was noticed that the impact of offshoring on wages might differ significantly between industries.

PL

Postępujące procesy globalizacji przejawiają się m.in. w przenoszeniu procesów produkcyjnych i usługowych za granicę, co jest nazywane offshoringiem. Ich efektem mogą być zmiany obserwowane na krajowych rynkach pracy. W tym kontekście celem artykułu była ocena wpływu offshoringu na poziom płac w przemyśle krajów Unii Europejskiej. Badania oparto na danych z 19 branż przemysłu pochodzących z bazy WIOD (edycja 2016). W celu zbadania wpływu offshoringu na płace pracowników zastosowano model panelowy z efektami stałymi oszacowany z wykorzystaniem uogólnionej metody najmniejszych kwadratów. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na negatywny wpływ offshoringu na płace w krajach „starej” UE i jego neutralny wpływ na płace w krajach „nowej” UE. Równocześnie zauważono, że wpływ offshoringiu na płace może się znacznie różnić w poszczególnych branżach.

Refine search results

Rynkowa wycena absolwentów studiów ekonomicznych w Polsce

Wpływ poziomych i pionowych niedopasowań edukacyjnych na wynagrodzenia

Macroeconomic Conditions Determining the Level and the Rate of Changes of Wages and Salaries in Poland in 2007-2012

Wage determination, Global Value Chains and role played by wage bargaining schemes: The case of Poland

Childcare and eldercare and Polish employees’ remunerations

Zmiany struktury zatrudnienia i produktywności a wynagrodzenia w przekroju regionalnym w latach 2005–2010

The labor issue in the USA in the first half of the 20th century. The contribution of the Catholic Church to its solution

Multinational Enterprises, Foreign Knowledge and Host Country

The Differentiation of Wages in Polish Economy in the Years 2005-2012

Wpływ wykształcenia wyższego na ogólny poziom wynagrodzeń w sektorze przedsiębiorstw w Polsce w latach 2005-2014

Pre-COVID-19‑pandemic differentiation of employment and wages in county hospitals in Poland

Differences between determinants of men and women monthly wages across fourteen European Union states

Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie płac w Polsce

The relationship between immigration and labour market performance in Sabah’s oil palm plantation sector

Educational mismatch in the Czech Labour Market

Delokalizacja działalności przedsiębiorstw i jej wpływ na elementy rynku pracy w krajach Unii Europejskiej

Age Structure of Employment and Wages. An Analysis Across Occupational Groups

The Dimensions of Territorial Embeddedness of the Business Services Sector in Central and Eastern Europe

Labour costs in the aerospace industry: LMDI decomposition of aerospace manufacturing payrolls

Offshoring and wages: Evidence from EU manufacturing industries