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EN
Aim. To define and describe the positions of Ukrainians in their attitude to the war on Russia and reflection of this attitude in the discourse of daily life in wartime. Concept/Methods. 25 transcripts of semi-structured interviews subjected to thematic analysis. Relying on the categories identified through thematic analysis, the criteria differentiating the attitude of Ukrainians to the war, viz. personalization/depersonalization, media practice of content consumption, assessment of the so called “we-they-relationship”, reflection on the changes in daily life, the process of adaptation to changes, ideas of exemplary behavior were established. Results and conclusion. The analysis of the results enabled to outline the problematic field of assessment of the attitude of Ukrainians to the full-scale war on Russia and reflection of this attitude in the discourse of daily life in wartime. Relying on the criteria differentiating this attitude, three typical positions in the attitude of Ukrainians to the war were outlined – that of external observer, optimistic fatalist, and rational optimist. Practical application. Clarification of the specific characteristics of the attitude of Ukrainians to the war and perception of the enemy under such circumstances enables to envisage the public opinion response to certain decisions related to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, to plan communication campaigns promoting volunteer movement with due account of different positions taken by Ukrainians as well as to determine the degree of psycho-traumatizing of individuals in the crisis situation of war via discourse. Originality/Cognitive value. The study was conducted in October-November 2022, on the ninth month of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, and it reflects the thoughts of Ukrainian civilians concerning the war, its reasons, collective responsibility of Russians, and, finally, changes occurring in the life of the country and every individual, the process of adaptation to this complex situation. The use of quality methods (semi-structured interview) for the study ensured focusing on subjective peculiarities of the perception of war and daily life during in wartime. Conclusions: The typology of ideas, types of attitude of Ukrainians to the reality of war requires verification and further specification within a quantitative study aimed at clarification of quantitative figures representing the prevalence of the established positions.
EN
The author of the article provides the systemic analysis of the nominative-axiological paradigm of the denotation “War in Ukraine: 2022–2023”, which components include bi- and polynomial specific names of the generic name war. The study is based on the philosophic and linguistic theories of the conceptual worldview, mental and lingual essence of the language, its objective and subjective nature. Official and unofficial names of the event were observed in Internet texts, consecutively and vividly reflecting the evolution of the collective war experience of the Ukrainians and the world community. They are combined into nine sub-models. The classification criterion for these sub-models is the type of semantic reference of near-substantive specifiers with their functional core formed by identificatory markers “who → identical addresser Russia”, “Where / where to → identical space Ukraine”, “When → identical time 2022”. Using semasiological analysis, the semantic structure of each sub-model has been improved, the constitutive properties of the extenders of the lexeme war have been ascertained, and their axiological potential has been shown. The paper offers sociolinguistic commentary justifying the appropriateness/inappropriateness of specific names. It provides an idea of a potential common nomination of the described choronym as a headline for future encyclopedic and lexicographic entries (Russian-Ukrainian War 2022 –?).
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest systematycznej analizie nominatywnego i aksjologicznego paradygmatu denotacji „działania wojenne w Ukrainie: 2022–2023”, której składnikami są dwu- i wieloczłonowe nazwy gatunkowe rodzajowej nazwy ‘wojna’. Badanie opiera się na filozoficzno-lingwistycznej teorii o pojęciowym i językowym obrazie świata, mentalnej i językowej istocie języka, jego obiektywnym i subiektywnym kształcie. Oficjalne i nieoficjalne nazwy badanego wydarzenia obserwowano w tekstach internetowych, które konsekwentnie i dokładnie odzwierciedlają ewolucję współczesnego zbiorowego doświadczenia wojennego Ukraińców i społeczności światowej i są łączone w 9 podmodeli. Jako kryterium ich klasyfikacji wybrano rodzaj referencji semantycznej specyfikatorów przydawkowych, których rdzeń funkcjonalny ukształtowały środki identyfikujące „kto → identyczny nadawca Rosja”, „gdzie/dokąd → identyczna przestrzeń Ukraina”, „kiedy → identyczny czas 2022”. Za pomocą analizy semazjologicznej scharakteryzowano strukturę semantyczną każdego podmodelu, wyjaśniono konstytutywne właściwości rozpowszechniania słowa ‘wojna’ oraz ujawniono ich potencjał aksjologiczny. Zaproponowano także komentarze socjolingwistyczne uzasadniające stosowność/niestosowność określonej nazwy. Wyrażono przypuszczenie dotyczące potencjalnej nominacji uniwersalnej opisywanego choronimu jako tytułu przyszłych haseł encyklopedycznych i leksykograficznych (wojna rosyjsko-ukraińska 2022–?).
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