Search results

1

La guerre préhistorique au prisme de la préhistoire française de la Grande Guerre à la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1914–1939)

100%

Favin Lévêque J. C.

Organon

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2019

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vol. 51

45-89

EN

This article intends to analyse the idea of prehistoric war in French anthropology during the 1914–1939 period. This work consists firstly in understanding how the First World War impacts the main periodical scientific publications concerning the subject of war itself and more precisely our object of study, prehistoric war. Next, the research is pursued in the scientific literature to find the structuring elements of the thought about warfare and identify the explanatory theories. In a third part, we analyse the comparative approach between prehistoric war and primitive war. The results emphasize a certain abandonment of the subject of prehistoric war, due mainly to the weakness of explanatory theories and the distance between the two different approaches, the one of prehistorians and the other of ethnologists.

2

COMPUTER NETWORK OPERATIONS IN THE LIGHT OF IUS IN BELLO

100%

Kowalczewska K.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

|

2014

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vol. 15(15)

135-143

EN

The paper deals with the legal definition of attack under international humanitarian law, analysed in the context of cyber “attacks”. The armed nature of cyber operation is distinguished from a violent one and therefore special section is devoted to the indirect consequences of cyber attacks. It is also noted that the incremental resort to automated weapon systems, controlled by computer networks still highly vulnerable to hostile malware and interference, challenges the current state of law. Finally, the author attempts to render the linkage between law and IT, both greatly concerned with cyber security.

3

Obserwując płonące miasto. O ludności cywilnej i (nie)uczestniczeniu w powstaniu warszawskim w Notatkach z okresu Powstania Warszawskiego Zofii Charytańskiej

88%

Taperek M.

Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze

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2017

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vol. 10

EN

The purpose of the article is to expose the civilian experience of the Warsaw Uprising, the event traditionally connected with the heroic military myth of the Polish nation. The main source is a non-published diary of Zofia Charytańska, ordinary citizen of Warsaw, who records the everyday life in the German- and later Russian-occupied city areas. Her diaries show the civilian perspective on the 1944 military operation, indicating at the same time the anxiety and guilt of an uninvolved observer. This individual experience is submerged in the broader historical and ideological context. It further extends the narrative about Praga, the city district east of the Vistula river, which did not participate in the Uprising and was “liberated” by the Soviet Army.

4

Hybridity – a ‘new’ method to accomplish dominance

88%

Elak L., Śliwa Z.

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2019

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vol. 23

|

issue 1

3-22

EN

The term ‘hybrid warfare’ proved to be very popular among academics, military thinkers and professionals leading to a variety of definitions and approaches. It was linked with the new generation concept popularised by Russian military thought. The essence of the hybridity is not new, as using a combination of military and non-military instruments is as old as mankind and is recognised but interpreted differently. The paper examines both the concept and its implementation based on case studies and theoretical considerations. It debates possible ways of using it to confront targeted nations by a combination of a variety of tools and approaches.

5

Interpretacja czynników operacyjnych w regulaminach i doktrynach wybranych państw w kontekście walki z tak zwanym Państwem Islamskim

88%

El Ghamari M.

Przegląd Strategiczny

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2016

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issue 9

193-209

PL

The main reason, to take this subject was self-perception of the problems arising from the perception and definition of the operating factors in the art of war, to potential military operations against the so-called Islamic State. Operational factors do not have a clear source of their definition and perception of the art of war. Their importance in the art of war was and is treated in many cases instrumentally, their aspect of the phenomenon described operations or attributed to them only part of the description of environmental assessment to guide future actions. Analysis of the importance of operational factors indicating their wider range and finds its justification in the development of operational thinking in the art of war. It should be stressed that the ability to think of operating a psychological category entity associated with the development of thinking and mutual understanding. While the combination of thought process entity with its subject provides a reasonable basis for the use of the concept of thinking operating in the art of war. The thinking process operating relates to compounds and the relationship between perceived material objects of art of war and the influence of these relations on the preparation and organization of effective action. Therefore operational factors are the basis for the development of operational thinking in the art of war. Identification of the material objects of art of war is essential to perceive the relationship produced. You must have the awareness that in practice this means the correct identification of the area of operations and precise description of the parties, fighting. The study formulates assumptions of contemporary perception and interpretation of operational factors as the process of initiating any military action. It must be concluded that the accepted scope and structure (structure) of the work was determined the nature of the problems under consideration.

6

Book review: Marco Sassòli, International Humanitarian Law: Rules, Controversies, and Solutions to Problems Arising in Warfare, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham: 2019

88%

Grzebyk P.

Polish Yearbook of International Law

|

2019

|

vol. 39

287-290

EN

Review of a book: Marco Sassòli, International Humanitarian Law: Rules, Controversies, and Solutions to Problems Arising in Warfare, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham: 2019

7

Not only the Tisa River basin. The martial activities of the Przeworsk culture peoples and their allies in the Roman Period

88%

Kontny B.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

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2019

|

vol. LIV

159-190

EN

The author presents the movements of the Przeworsk culture warriors basing on written and archaeological sources but utilizes also the results of anthropological research. The warriors participated in military enterprises, viz. the raids but also more important ventures aimed at different areas (i.a. to the north – Vimose on Funen, and south-east – Čatyr Dag on Crimean Peninsula). Anthropological studies suggest that what was important for them was not the permanent direction, but tantalizing goals accomplishable in a military way. Possibly the warriors participated in retinues, also multi-ethnical ones, as described by Tacitus. It seems possible that the Przeworsk culture warriors occasionally collaborated with the Balts, but also the Wielbark culture warriors. Whether they occupied a privileged position among the Barbarians is still uncertain, but the Przeworsk culture forms of weapons imported and imitated in neighbouring cultures seem to suggest that for a long time they were treated as ‘role model’ warriors. The loss of their leading military impact in the Younger Roman Period should be linked with the increasing position of the Scandinavians with their well-equipped and stratified armies, probably fighting in the battle order. Written sources and weapons appearing as elements of grave furnishing, although not so frequent due to changes in the burial rite, suggest that it did not erase Przeworsk culture zealots from the military sphere. Detailed studies of sacrificial bog/watery sites, found in the territory of Poland, Scandinavia, and maybe also Lithuania and Latvia, have allowed finding further evidences of distant warlike expeditions.

8

Biologia versus kultura. Przegląd bioewolucyjnych i kulturowych teorii wojny w przedpaństwowych społecznościach pradziejowych

88%

Skrzyniecki R., Romaniszyn J.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2016

|

vol. 21

437-458

PL

The paper’s main aim is to outline the problem of polarisation of contemporary discussion concerning the concept of origins of warfare. Basically, two leading trends can be distinguished: the first one accentuates the biological basis of human violence and places its origins deep into our evolutionary past. The second one recognises conflict as a relatively late and typically cultural phenomenon in human prehistory, which cannot be interpreted in terms of natural selection and evolution. The existence of a sharp ideological border between ‘hawks’ and ‘doves’ enables a comparison of both perspectives and facilitates the analysis of internal dynamics of their development.

9

Influence of global security environment on collective security and defence science

75%

Mitrovic M.

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2019

|

vol. 24

|

issue 2

5-20

EN

Globalisation is a phenomenon which influences every aspect of contemporary life. Neo- liberal ideas lead to the multifunctional interdependence of geopolitics, the political economy, international relations, security, and defence issues. In the globalised world, many issues can be raised: Where are the roots of modern conflict? Who are the stakeholders in international relations? What are the dominant forms of contemporary conflicts? Do the forms of collective security fulfill the legitimacy of objectivity? What are the new challenges for modern defence science? Through the multidisciplinary approach, based on academic literature, as well scholars research papers, this work aims to contribute to the clarifying a rational approach to modern defence science in the contemporary, global security environment.

10

The Relics of St Barbara at Althaus Kulm: History, Patronages, and Insight into the Teutonic Order and the Christian Population in Prussia (Thirteenth–Fifteenth Centuries)

75%

Leighton G.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2020

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vol. 85

|

issue 1

5-50

EN

This article summarizes the history of the relics of St Barbara in Althaus Kulm (Starogród Chełmiński), a topic with extensive research in Polish and German circles, but only recently addressed by scholarship in English. It begins with an overview of the relics’ history and a summary of St Barbara’s vita, pointing out the quick rise in her cult in the Teutonic Order’s Prussian territory (Ordensland). Following this, it assesses the function of the relics through three lenses: warfare, daily life, and as a symbol of the Order’s power using three methodological frameworks. These are hierophany (manifestations of the sacred) for warfare, naming practices for studying the impact of St Barbara on the local population, and as a reflection of the Order’s territorial power (Landesherrschaft). The article ultimately demonstrates that the relics were a significant element of the multifaceted structure of religious life in medieval Prussia, both within and outside of the Teutonic Order. Appended to the text are two previously unpublished accounts of the relics of St Barbara and their arrival in Althaus, demonstrating the reputation of the shrine not just in the Ordensland, but within Christendom. It concludes with a summary of the research findings, and a consideration of these findings in light of more ‘recent’ interpretations of the Teutonic Order and the Prussian Crusades.

11

Válka a násilí jako sociální kód české pozdně středověké šlechty

75%

Beran Z.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2017

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vol. 115

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issue 2

319-345

EN

This study deals with the phenomena of aristocratic warfare and violence in late medieval Bohemia. Its main aim is to analyse the change, or the assumed retreat of aristocratic warfare from the life of the Bohemian nobility in the declining years of the Middle Ages. It makes use of the semantic analysis of the key terms used for designating aristocratic armed conflict, while it simultaneously questions some established terms as well as their accepted assessments; it also examines the viability and variability of the chivalric ideal owing to religious conflicts; further it approaches the legal background of the social order and focuses upon aristocratic warfare and violence as a social code in the context of changing social conditions. It demonstrates what a significant role in the process of forming the Early Modern society was played by an aristocratic ethos, which became the basis of a changeable, yet very viable social order in Late Medieval Bohemia.

12

Greek and Other Aegean Mercenaries in the Archaic Age: Aristocrats, Common People, or Both?

75%

Iancu L. M.

Studia Hercynia

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2016

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vol. 20

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issue 2

9-29

EN

Two issues regarding the social status of Archaic Greek (and other Aegean) mercenaries are discussed. The historiographical issue consists in exploring the reasons why the image of a limited participation restricted to the elites has until recently prevailed. The influence of social anthropology, which contributed to the development of a series of conceptual automatisms, is seen as the main cause for the emergence of the elitist thesis. The historical and anthropological issue consists in a summary re‑evaluation of the most appropriate and persuasive sources that provide clues for the broader social participation in mercenary activities.

13

The Efficiency of Water Resources Management in the Black Sea Region (Ukraine) in the Context of Sustainable Development Under the Conditions of Military Operations

63%

Serbov M., Kramarenko I., Irtyshcheva I., Stehnei M., Boiko Y., Hryshyna N., Khaustova K.

Studia Regionalne i Lokalne

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2023

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vol. 93

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issue 3

78-90

EN

The purpose of writing the article is to study the effectiveness of water resources management in the Black Sea region of Ukraine in the context of sustainable development under the conditions of military operations. The theoretical approaches to defining the essence and functions of water resources management through the prism of sustainable development goals have been considered. The main problems of water resources management in the regions of Ukraine are systematised and the ways of their solution at the present stage of the reform are outlined. The author’s approach to evaluating the effectiveness of water resources management in the context of the model of sustainable development is proposed using the example of the Black Sea region of Ukraine. Methodical approaches to assessing the effectiveness of regional water resources management that includes the main stages, the criteria for assessing, indicators for each criterion, and a mathematical apparatus for their calculation have been developed. In accordance with the author’s approach, a diagnosis of the effectiveness of regional water resources management was conducted based on the example of the Black Sea region.

14

Sharp power – introduction to the issue

63%

Skoneczny Ł., Cacko B.

Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego

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2021

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vol. 13

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issue 25

325-340

EN

The aim of the article is an attempt to define the sharp power strategy, present characteristic ways of its employment and propose methods of minimizing its negative consequences for the security of the Republic of Poland. The analysis of the issues related to the types of state power (soft power, hard power, smart power) is followed by a coherent definition of sharp power formulated by the authors of the publication. The consecutive section of the article describes examples of methods of implementing the aforementioned strategy of influencing participants of international relations. Finally, the authors presented proposals for institutional and legal solutions, which are to counteract potential sharp power moves aimed at undermining the security and international position of the Republic of Poland.

15

The Bolognese Societates Armatae of the Late 13thCentury

63%

Gassmann J.

Acta Periodica Duellatorum

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2014

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vol. 2

|

issue 1

195-231

EN

The Bologna archives preserve the bye-laws of 24 „armed societies”, dating from between 1230 and the early 1300s, written in good notary Latin. Though known to exist in other Italian city-states, only few non-Bolognese armed society bye-laws are preserved. These armed societies had disappeared everywhere by the Late Middle Ages. This article explores the function of these armed societies and the feudal law aspects of the bye-laws - was their function predominantly military, social or political? Why did they suddenly appear, and just as suddenly disappear? How did they fit into Bologna’s constitution - how did they relate to the civic authorities, the guilds? How did these armed societies operate? Who were the members? What arms did they have? Did they participate in the warfare between the city-states, the battles of the Lombard League and the Holy Roman Empire, the struggles between the Emperor and the Pope, the feuds between the Ghibellines and the Guelphs?

16

Początek szwedzkiej interwencji w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim w końcu 1701 roku

63%

Wićko D.

Rocznik Lituanistyczny

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2019

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vol. 5

EN

The article is devoted to the military situation in the northern part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the second half of 1701, with special emphasis on the cooperation between the Sapiehas and King Charles XII of Sweden and its impact on the war plans by the Swedish king.

PL

Artykuł omawia sytuację militarną na północy Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w drugiej połowie 1701 r., ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem współpracy między Sapiehami a Karolem XII oraz jej znaczenia w wojennych planach szwedzkiego króla.

17

Future soldiers in contemporary science fiction: the victory of complete harmony of body and mind on the example of Gordon R. Dickson`s Mercenaries – Dorsai

63%

Samulak-Piłat M.

Facta Simonidis

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2012

|

issue 5

65-82

EN

Military Science Fiction as a sub-genre of SF literature has gained a major acclaim throughout the years, especially after the II World War. It mainly deals with predictions such as: how modern warfare will look like in the future, what body upgrading systems, weapons and armour will it involve etc. Gordor R. Dickson – a silent giant of this sub-genre, unappreciated during his lifetime – proposed in his works a different vision of future warfare – innovative but traditional at the same time, intelligent and cunning. This article aims at presenting Dickson’s vision of future warfare and how innovative and different his ideas were in comparison to other military SF writers.

PL

Gatunek literacki military Science Fiction został doceniony i zyskał sławę głównie po II Wojnie Światowej. Zajmuje się on przewidywaniem jak w przyszłości wyglądać będzie sposób prowadzenia wojen, jak zostanie ulepszone ludzkie ciało, broń czy jakie rodzaje zbroi czy kombinezonów będą w użyciu etc. Gordon R. Dickson – niedoceniony za życia wielki autor military SF – pokazał w swoich utworach zupełnie inny styl prowadzenia konfliktów zbrojnych – innowacyjny ale i tradycyjny zarazem, oparty na inteligencji i przebiegłości. Ten artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie jego pomysłów na to jak będą w przyszłości wyglądać konflikty zbrojne i różnic między nim a innymi pisarzami military SF.

18

Oblicza wojen w XXI wieku

63%

Nowaczyk O.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Studia Sociologica

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2011

|

issue 21

67-83

PL

Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na główne współczesne koncepcje wojen. W świecie refleksji nad wojną można zaobserwować zjawisko militarnego spamu (Martin van Creveld 2000). Zainteresowanie wojną jest tak duże, że trudno zapamiętać nazwiska wszystkich autorów. Stąd też bogactwo koncepcji często wątpliwej wartości. Część z nich ma jednak głębsze podstawy. Zasługują one na uwagę jako element współczesnej refleksji nad wojną. Każda z nich zawiera trafne obserwacje, nadające się świetnie do opisania mechanizmów wojen. Mają jednak wspólną wadę, która uniemożliwia pełną ich akceptację. Propozycje te są stawiane jako wzorcowe koncepcje wojen XXI wieku. Każda nakazuje nam przyjąć, iż tradycyjne sposoby myślenia o wojnie są anachroniczne i nie przystają do współczesnej rzeczywistości. Trudno jednak przystać w tym wypadku na całkowite zerwanie z doświadczeniami przeszłości. Nie można bowiem mówić o jakimś uniwersalnym sposobie prowadzenia wojny w XXI wieku oraz o nowej naturze wojny. Porzucanie doświadczeń i refleksji historycznych nad wojnami to pochopne działania. Każda wojna jest bowiem inna, zrodzona w wyjątkowych warunkach i trudno tworzyć ad hoc jakieś uniwersalne wzorce pozwalające wyjaśnić jej aktualną naturę. Nowe czasy wymagają nieraz nowych pojęć, ale warto najpierw zbadać, czy nie powielamy pomysłów z przeszłości. Analizując współczesne koncepcje wojen, można dojść do wniosku, że nowe wojny, wojny asymetryczne itp. to nie fenomeny ponowoczesnego, globalnego świat, tylko odmiany starych wojen dostosowanych do współczesnych warunków.

EN

This article is aimed at highlighting the main concepts of modern wars. In the world of reflection on war the phenomenon of military spam can be observed. Interest in war is so large that it is hard to remember the names of all authors. Hence, the multiplicity of concepts is often of a dubious value. Some of them, however, have more solid bases, and they deserve attention as an element of contemporary reflection on war. Each of them includes accurate observations, which will fit perfectly to describe the mechanisms of war. However, they all have a common defect that prevents their full acceptance. These proposals are posted as model concepts of wars of the 21st century. Each requires us to accept that traditional ways of thinking about war are anachronistic and do not correspond to contemporary reality. However, in this case it is difficult to accept a complete break off with past experiences. It is impossible to speak of a universal way of waging war in the 21st century and a new nature of war. Abandonment of historical experience and reflections on war is a hasty action. Every war is different, arising from unique conditions and it is difficult to develop ad hoc patterns that would account for explaining its current nature. New times require new ideas and concepts sometimes, but it is worth examining first whether or not ideas from the past are copied. Analyzing the contemporary concepts of war it can be concluded that new wars, asymmetric wars, etc. are not phenomena characteristic for the postmodern, global world, but only a variety of old wars adapted to modern conditions.

19

Targeted Killings (Drone strikes) and the European Convention on Human Rights

63%

Bodnar A., Pacho I.

Polish Yearbook of International Law

|

2012

|

vol. 32

189-208

EN

More and more Member States of the Council of Europe are becoming interested in drone technology. Currently, a number of them either possess or wish to obtain unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with missiles. Due to the increased number of targeted killing operations committed with the use of drones by countries such as the United States or Israel, there is a probability that Member States might also use them for such operations, especially if their forces will be subject to joint command. Although the issue of targeted killings with the use of drones has not yet been subject to the scrutiny of the European Court of Human Rights, there are two main reasons why this may change in the near future. First, the Court has already ruled on the extraterritorial applicability of the European Convention on Human Rights, and second, the Convention places strict limits on any attempts to carry out targeted killings and leaves only a limited space for their use, even in the context of warfare. In this article we assess whether the Member States of the Council of Europe might be ever justified under the European Convention on Human Rights to carry out targeted killing operations using drones.

20

Koncepcja "wojny nowej generacji" w ujęciu strategów Sztabu Generalnego Sił ZBrojnych Federacji Rosyjskiej.

63%

Wojnowski M.

Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego

|

2015

|

vol. 7

|

issue 13

13-39

PL

Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie genezy i głównych założeń rosyjskiej koncepcji wojny nowej generacji, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem znaczenia walki informacyjnej, roli sił specjalnych oraz wykorzystania nowoczesnych technologii w działaniach wojennych. Zamiarem autora jest także próba udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytania: czy założenia koncepcji wojny nowej generacji, zwanej na Zachodzie wojną hybrydową, są rzeczywiście założeniami nowatorskimi oraz czy znajdują odzwierciedlenie we współczesnej rosyjskiej praktyce wojskowej. Rosyjska koncepcja wojny nowej generacji – utożsamiana na Zachodzie z wojną hybrydową – jest syntezą rozwiązań znanych w przeszłości, a wyrażonych w myśli wojskowej powstałej w kręgach rosyjskiej białej emigracji i w ZSRR. W tym kontekście nowatorskiego charakteru wojny nowej generacji należy upatrywać jedynie w wykorzystaniu nowoczesnych środków techniki, co przyczyniło się do wzrostu znaczenia walki informacyjnej, sił specjalnych oraz tzw. wojny bezkontaktowej.

EN

The article is aimed at presenting the genesis and main assumptions of the Russian concept of modern warfare, taking into account the significance of information warfare, the role of special forces and the use of modern technologies for warfare activities. 68 J. Darczewska, Rosja zbroi się do „wojny informacyjnej” z Zachodem, „Biuletyn Kwartalny Rządowego Centrum Bezpieczeństwa” 2014, nr 9, s. 3. I. ARTYKUŁY I ROZPRAWY 39 The author also tries to answer the question: is the concept of “modern warfare”, in the West known as the hybrid warfare, a new idea indeed and whether it is really applied in modern Russian military policy. The Russian concept of the modern warfare – in the West identified with the hybrid warfare – is the synthesis of concepts already known in the past, exposed by the military thoughts within the circles of white Russian emigration and in the Soviet Russia. Hence, within the given context, the concept of modern warfare should be seen as the use of modern technology, which itself increased the importance of information warfare, special forces and the so-called no-contact warfare activities.

Refine search results

La guerre préhistorique au prisme de la préhistoire française de la Grande Guerre à la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1914–1939)

COMPUTER NETWORK OPERATIONS IN THE LIGHT OF IUS IN BELLO

Obserwując płonące miasto. O ludności cywilnej i (nie)uczestniczeniu w powstaniu warszawskim w Notatkach z okresu Powstania Warszawskiego Zofii Charytańskiej

Hybridity – a ‘new’ method to accomplish dominance

Interpretacja czynników operacyjnych w regulaminach i doktrynach wybranych państw w kontekście walki z tak zwanym Państwem Islamskim

Book review: Marco Sassòli, International Humanitarian Law: Rules, Controversies, and Solutions to Problems Arising in Warfare, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham: 2019

Not only the Tisa River basin. The martial activities of the Przeworsk culture peoples and their allies in the Roman Period

Biologia versus kultura. Przegląd bioewolucyjnych i kulturowych teorii wojny w przedpaństwowych społecznościach pradziejowych

Influence of global security environment on collective security and defence science

The Relics of St Barbara at Althaus Kulm: History, Patronages, and Insight into the Teutonic Order and the Christian Population in Prussia (Thirteenth–Fifteenth Centuries)

Válka a násilí jako sociální kód české pozdně středověké šlechty

Greek and Other Aegean Mercenaries in the Archaic Age: Aristocrats, Common People, or Both?

The Efficiency of Water Resources Management in the Black Sea Region (Ukraine) in the Context of Sustainable Development Under the Conditions of Military Operations

Sharp power – introduction to the issue

The Bolognese Societates Armatae of the Late 13thCentury

Początek szwedzkiej interwencji w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim w końcu 1701 roku

Future soldiers in contemporary science fiction: the victory of complete harmony of body and mind on the example of Gordon R. Dickson`s Mercenaries – Dorsai

Oblicza wojen w XXI wieku

Targeted Killings (Drone strikes) and the European Convention on Human Rights

Koncepcja "wojny nowej generacji" w ujęciu strategów Sztabu Generalnego Sił ZBrojnych Federacji Rosyjskiej.