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EN
Тhis article analyses Macedonian phrasemes with zoonymic component denoting time. Zoonyms mainly came from surrounding environment which was expected having in mind the fact that man often reaches for something that is well known to him in an attempt to understand something far and abstract, such as the category of time. What distinguishes the analyzed units from the rest of the phraseological material with zoonymic components is their relative neutrality, bearing in mind that in general the zoonymic phrases are negatively colored. Such neutrality is due to their semantics, as well as to the fact that they show the characteristics and animals behavior as they are in reality
EN
The article offers a study of two Proustian metaphors: “a living barometer” and “the little barometric figure”. After a brief reminder of the role of time in The Search for Lost Time, we move on to an analysis, sometimes intratextual, sometimes psychoanalytic, of the two metaphors, which places it in the context of family relationships and illness. Indeed, the barometric figure triggers a whole series of imaginary mechanisms which refer to the sensitivity and the constitutive versatility of the Search on the one hand, and to the writing itself on the other hand, but above all root this image in a complex game of identity tensions.
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Labour productivity depends on a number of factors, starting from the most obvious – wages/salary, to work organization and to those less often taken into consideration, such as the weather. Weather affects employees’well-being, and thus the discharge of their duties. Depending on the time of year employees may feel more or less tired and more or less eager to take on new challenges. The emerging question is – is there an accurate way to measure the impact of weather on an employee’s yield? Are all employee weather conditions affected by weather conditions equally, or are there people more (or less) vulnerable to weather? Does it depend on gender, or does weather affect the yield of work of both genders equally? To what extent, in comparison with other factors, does weather affect on yield? Is it possible to identify the weather factor that most effects on yield? To answer the above questions, the research method research used in this study was a survey carried out on the basis of a prepared questionnaire of 314 white-collar workers in the Lodz region. From the analysis of the results of the survey it can be inferred that the weather affects the performance of employees, but not for everyone equally, some are less likely others to suffer a decline in labour yield depending on weather conditions. The weather factor having the greatest negative impact on labour yield, for both men and women, is too high a temperature.
PL
Wydajność pracy zależy od wielu czynników, poczynając od najbardziej oczywistych, tj. wynagrodzenie, organizacja pracy i tych rzadziej branych pod uwagę, takich jak pogoda. Pogoda wpływa a dobre samopoczucie pracowników, a tym samym na jakość wykonywania ich obowiązków. W zależności od pory roku pracownicy mogą czuć się mniej lub bardziej zmęczeni i mniej lub bar400 Dorota Michalak dziej skłonni do podejmowania nowych wyzwań. Pojawia się pytanie – czy istnieje dokładny sposób mierzenia wpływu pogody na plon pracownika? Czy warunki pogodowe mają wpływ na wydajność, czy też są grupy zawodowe bardziej lub mniej podatne na warunki pogodowe? Czy zależy to od płci, czy też pogoda wpływa na wydajność pracy obu płci w równym stopniu? W jakim stopniu, w porównaniu z innymi czynnikami, pogoda wpływa na wydajność? Czy możliwe jest określenie czynnika pogodowego, który ma największy wpływ na wydajność? Aby odpowiedzieć na powyższe pytania, przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe wśród 314 pracowników umysłowych w regionie łódzkim. Z analizy wyników ankiety można wywnioskować, że pogoda wpływa na wydajność pracowników, ale nie na wszystkich jednakowo. Czynnikiem pogodowym mającym największy negatywny wpływ na wydajność pracy, zarówno u mężczyzn, jak i kobiet, jest zbyt wysoka temperatura.
EN
Services in the field of sports as a public service and as a voluntary-based civil initiative are developing on the grounds of national, regional history, environmental factors, and governmental policy, which then educate expert personnel, provide directly or induce indirectly finance for operation and facility construction. In this article the authors analyse whether equal opportunity exists in practising cross-country skiing or canoeing in Finland. Finland is one of the richest countries in Europe when it comes to natural space. The legislative basis to practice nature-based, outdoor recreational and competitive sports is laid down in the "Everyman's Right". Both of the examined sports have a long history in Finland. The weather and environment are more than suitable for practising either of these sports. The facility network is well developed for cross-country skiing but insufficient for canoeing. A magnitude difference to be found in the popularity of the two sports. By utilising the historical and natural resources and bettering organisational effectiveness, development has broad perspectives in canoeing.
EN
An analysis of “weather events” and their meaning in works of French medieval literature – La Chanson de Roland, Le Chevalier au lion, Le Roman de la rose, Le Livre du Cuer d’amours espris and Le Debat d’entre le gris et le noir – finds different forms of interaction between the outside world and human beings. Whether a connection between man and nature is mediated by God, set by the human arrangement of or incursion into a natural setting, or left so loose as to suggest nature’s indifference to human witness, weather contributes to the picture.
EN
Belgian novelist Marie Gevers lived all her life surrounded by venerable trees alongside a pond, in the gorgeous estate of Missembourg. Her imagination and sensibility were deeply impregnated by the changing of natural elements and seasons, which were enhanced as authentic characters in her literary work. Plaisir des météores (1938) is emblematic of this impregnation, being a personal and poetical rewriting of legendary almanacs, which invigorated less-literate populations in the remote countryside for centuries after the invention of the printing press. Enlightened by this particular tradition and an analysis of the author’s creative stylistic devices, season renewal appears as an everlasting dramaturgy, leading us to adapt ourselves to the world’s perpetual metamorphosis, in a pure Ode to Joy.
EN
Objectives Atmospheric pressure is the most objective weather factor because regardless of if outdoors or indoors it affects all objects in the same way. The majority of previous studies have used the average daily values of atmospheric pressure in a bioclimatic analysis and have found no correlation with blood pressure changes. The main objective of our research was to assess the relationship between atmospheric pressure recorded with a frequency of 1 measurement per minute and the results of 24-h blood pressure monitoring in patients with treated hypertension in different seasons in the moderate climate of the City of Łódź (Poland). Material and Methods The study group consisted of 1662 patients, divided into 2 equal groups (due to a lower and higher average value of atmospheric pressure). Comparisons between blood pressure values in the 2 groups were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results We observed a significant difference in blood pressure recorded during the lower and higher range of atmospheric pressure: on the days of the spring months systolic (p = 0.043) and diastolic (p = 0.005) blood pressure, and at nights of the winter months systolic blood pressure (p = 0.013). Conclusions A significant inverse relationship between atmospheric pressure and blood pressure during the spring days and, only for systolic blood pressure, during winter nights was observed. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(5):783–792
EN
The author describes ways of conceptualizing weather in the modern Russian language, Russian dialects and old Russian language, based on data of various dictionaries. The author reveals the basic lexical meaning and functions of the word weather, describes ways of differentia- tion of polysemy of the given word.
EN
A definition of the concept of information was placed in the publication of spatial ata with reference to the hydrometeorological systems covering the country. The next keys to the encryption and transmitting of hydrometeorological measurement were specified in the international system for warning against the dangerous phenomena of the weather. The characteristics of meteorological data they presented were based on the system of weather satellites (circumpolar and geostationary) and of the POLRAD radar system, included in the radar security system of European space. At the end, a few examples were given of geoportals monitoring the state of the natural environment and elements of the ISOK security system, the SMOK system and SSH military system of the Republic of Poland.
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EN
Syrach in his book on atmospheric conditions speaks of their symbolic meaning. Frost is like sin, the beautiful weather that makes the frost disappear is a reward for mercy (Sir 3:15). Hail, snow, also falling fast, is a sign of their rule over the world (Sir 39, 29; 43, 13.15.18; 46, 5). Hoarfrost is a sign of their care for the earth (Sir 43:19). The heat symbolizes a gift offered with a harsh word (Sir 18:16). The only defense of such gifts is love for the Lord (Sir 34:16). Fog is a symbol of prudence, and a cure for bad weather is associated with a mysterious messenger (Sir 24: 3; 43, 22). Lightning and thunder are symbols of the appearance of a sage (Sir 32). , 10) A perishing thunder may be unjustly acquired as a symbol of wealth (Sir 40:13). But the thunder may be a symbol of their voice. It never goes away and continues with a powerful echo - the one who has not defiled himself with riches unjustly earns himself (Sir 43:17; 46.17,18.19).
PL
Syrach mówiąc w swojej księdze o warunkach atmosferycznych, wskazuje na ich symboliczne znaczenie. Szron jest jak grzech, piękna pogoda, która sprawia, że szron znika, to znak nagrody za miłosierdzie (Syr 3,15). Grad, śnieg, także szybko padający, to znak panowania Pana nad światem (Syr 39,29; 43,13.15.18; 46,5). Szadź z kolei jest wyrazem troski Pana o ziemię (Syr 43,19). Skwar to symbol daru ofiarowanego z przykrym słowem (Syr 18,16). Jedyną obroną przed takimi darami jest miłość do Pana (Syr 34,16). Mgła to symbol mądrości i lekarstwo na złe warunki atmosferyczne, a wszystko związane jest z tajemniczym posłańcem (Syr 24,3; 43,22). Błyskawica i grzmot, to symbol wystąpienia człowieka mądrego (Syr 32,10). Grzmot, który przemija, może być symbolem bogactwa niesprawiedliwie nabytego (Syr 40,13). Ale może być grzmot znakiem głosu Pana. On nigdy nie przemija i trwa w potężnym echu - w człowieku, który nie skalał się bogactwem niesprawiedliwie nabytym (Syr 43,17; 46,17.18.19).
PL
Celem badawczym niniejszego opracowania była analiza wpływu rynku ubezpieczeń na wzrost gospodarczy. Analiza ta została przeprowadzona na dwóch płaszczyznach: teoretycznej, przedstawiającej najważniejsze kanały oddziaływania sektora ubezpieczeń na wzrost gospodarczy w oparciu o dotychczasowe badania oraz empirycznej, prezentującej wpływ sektora ubezpieczeń na wzrost gospodarczy, przy wykorzystaniu modeli: KMNK, CAGR. Podstawowe wielkości charakteryzujące rynek ubezpieczeniowy w obu działach ubezpieczeń zostały zaprezentowane za pomocą metod analizy opisowo-jakościowej, analizy porównawczej oraz analizy statystycznej, przy zastosowaniu programu GRETL. Koncepcję metodyczną tego opracowania oparto na funkcjonalnym ujęciu rynku ubezpieczeniowego i jego ekonomicznych uwarunkowań. Przedział czasowy badania rynku ubezpieczeniowego obejmuje lata 1996–2015. Dodatkowo, oprócz modelowania bezpośredniego wpływu ubezpieczeń na wzrost gospodarczy, badanie zostało rozszerzone o zmienne, które mogą wzmacniać bądź osłabiać ten związek. Do tych zmiennych zastosowano: liczbę zatrudnionych, średnie wynagrodzenie oraz stopę bezrobocia. Wyniki te pozwoliły na stwierdzenie istnienia dodatniego wpływu ubezpieczeń na wzrost gospodarczy.
EN
"The research goal of this study was to analyse the impact of the insurance market on Economic growth. This analyse was carried out on two levels: theoretical, presenting the most important channels of the impact of the insurance sector on Economic Growth based on past studies and empirical, presenting the impact of the insurance sector on Economic growth, using models KMNK, CAGR. Pertaining to the insurance market, the insurance were presented by the methods used to descriptive , qualitative ,comparative and statistical analysis used by the GRETL program. The methodological concept of this study is based on a functional basis of the insurance market and Economic conditions. Test interval insurance market covers the years 1996-2015. Although, the model of direct impact of insurance on Economic growth, the study was extended to variables strengths or weaknesses the relationship. These variables were used: the number of employees, average wages and the unemployment rate. These results show a positive effect of insurance on Economic growth. "
Świat i Słowo
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2023
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vol. 40
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issue 1
105-122
EN
Wisla as a private world’s axis. On the connection with the place in the works of Jerzy Pilch In the article „Wisla as a private world’s axis. On the connection with the place in the works of Jerzy Pilch”, the subject of the connection of the author and his protagonists with the place was raised. Some chosen aspects of this relevant issue have been introduced by the author of „Many demons”. The attitude of the characters and narrators to the place has been analysed through such issues as faith, emotions, senses, weather and topography. The most important thing is treating the place as a pattern, to which the writer refers many events, comments, observations, thoughts and characters. The place imagined by the writer is dynamic, changeable, ambiguous and multiple. Although the literary landscapes of the Wisla have common characteristics, they are characterized by many differences and variants, beginning with names and ending with details. The awareness of the Wisla creation imagined in the works of Jerzy Pilch is fundamental and deserves attention.
PL
Dwa najważniejsze megatrendy najbliższych 40 lat zidentyfikowane w opracowaniu, to dotarcie rewolucji przemysłowej do krajów rozwijających się i dalszy postęp naukowo-techniczny, możliwy dzięki wynalezieniu mikroprocesora. Opisane w artykule wyzwania, to skutki tych dwóch megatrendów. W wymiarze przestrzennym będzie to przede wszystkim będzie przesunięcie centrów gospodarczych z Europy i Ameryki Płn. na Daleki Wschód i do Ameryki Płd. Zmiany będą dotyczyć produkcji, handlu, kapitału i znaczenia walut narodowych. Można oczekiwać postępu w globalizacji, w tym zbliżenia regulacji prawnych na całym świecie. Prognozy dotyczące wyczerpywania się większości surowców nie powinny się sprawdzić, a największym problemem w skali świata będzie prawdopodobnie dostęp do wody właściwej jakości. Maleć będzie liczba miejsc pracy, z trudnymi dziś do przewidzenia skutkami społecznymi i politycznymi. Narastać będzie koncentracja ludzi w wielkich miastach. Konsumpcja rosnąć będzie szybko na rynkach wschodzących, bardzo wolno w krajach obecnie rozwiniętych. Do 2050 r. zdrożeje wykwalifikowana siła robocza i ziemia w wielkich miastach, mniej woda, surowce i ziemia uprawna, jeszcze mniej niewykwalifikowana siła robocza, zaś koszt kapitału relatywnie stanieje.
EN
The two most important megatrends within the next 40 years were recognized in the paper as expanding of the industrial revolution to the developing countries and further progress in science and technology, possible due to invention of the microprocessor. Challenges described in the article are the effects of these two megatrends. The economic centers will transfer from Europe and North America to the Far East and South America. The changes will apply to the production, trade, capital and the importance of national currencies. We can expect progress in globalization, including the convergence of law regulations worldwide. Forecasts concerning the depletion of the majority of raw materials will probably fail to be true. The most important problem around the world will probably be the access to the water of good quality The number of jobs will decrease and it is difficult to predict the social and political consequences of the process at the present moment. The concentration of population in mega cities and their immediate neighborhood will increase. Consumption will grow rapidly in emerging markets, and very slowly in developed countries. The conclusion of the article is that by 2050 highly qualified labor force and land in mega-cities will become more expensive. Water, raw materials and arable land will increase in price less then mentioned earlier and the unskilled labor force will get expensive to the littlest extent. The cost of capital will be relatively cheaper than now.
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