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EN
The researchers of the history of human development are unanimous about the fact that since the beginning of human existence to the present day the foundation of society are family ties. With the development of civilization mankind created new levels of social ties, which formed sequentially nationali-ty, country, civilizations until modern ties brought by globalization leads to the birth of humanity which is the most general. The development of means of communication, transport and media accelerates the processes of globalization inevitably leads to the formation of the Earth as a "global village" or a world without borders.
XX
The present article discusses the adjudication of compensation for the death of the closest family members, which occurred prior to August 3, 2008, i.e. before the date of entry into force of Article 446 § 4 of the Civil Code. The author argues with the concept presented in the Supreme Court's judicature, according to which the compensation may be adjudged on the basis of Article 448 of the Civil Code, as causing the death of a person is at the same time breaking the bonds between the family members and the deceased. This argument had occasionally appeared before the year 2008, but never before the year 2005. Consequently, it might be reasonably argued that the Supreme Court, while interpreting the provision of Art. 448 of the CC is seeking an excuse, rather than a real reason for the recognition of the legitimacy of claims for compensation.
EN
The article is a part of current "anniversary" discussion dedicated to the January Uprising and its consequences, however, it is attempted to discover its less typical image, often contrary to the established, not to say stereotypical vision of the national uprising and martyrdom. In the narratives often created for the members of its own family, written in private literature (of personal document), the relation of the events associated with the rebellion often appear surprising due to their sense of humour, and colourful anecdote, showing the reactions and experiences of the insurgents (like in the memoirs of Kazimierz Zienkiewicz), and self-irony, the ability to perceive the grotesque and the pragmatism of the Siberians (as in the memoirs of Jadwiga Prendowska, Władysław Zapałowski's diary, Leon Krupecki's letters). The aim of the text is primarily to show various ways of "disarming" the tragic experience by emphasizing their exoticism and comedy, or focusing on tiny problems of everyday life, which probably – as for individuals and families – constituted psychologically effective strategy of defence.
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