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Ruch Świadomości Kryszny – gaudija wisznuizm w kulturze Zachodu

100%

Fic L.

Nurt SVD

2021

issue 2

187-200

Międzynarodowe Towarzystwo Świadomości Kryszny jest ruchem misyjnym, wywodzącym się ze szkoły bengalskiego wisznuizmu. Powstało ono w 1966 roku na terenie Stanów Zjednoczonych. W swoich początkach fascynowało niezwykle ludzi młodych, wywodzących się z kręgów hipisowskiej kontrkultury, poszukujących duchowego oświecenia. Artykuł przedstawia w zarysie historię tego ruchu, postać jego założyciela, naukę, którą głosił oraz praktyki religijne jego adeptów. Wskazuje także na różnice doktrynalne między chrześcijaństwem a krysznaizmem. Ich znajomość jest niezbędna w dialogu między tymi religiami.

The International Society for Krishna Consciousness is a missionary movement originating from the Bengali school of Vaishnavism. It was founded in 1966 in the United States. In its beginnings it fascinated young people coming from the hippie counterculture who were looking for spiritual enlightenment. The article outlines the history of the movement, the figure of its founder, the doctrine he preached and the religious practices of his followers. It also points out the doctrinal differences between Christianity and Krishnaism. Knowledge of these is essential in the dialogue between these religions.

W poszukiwaniu genezy i specyfiki zjawiska ekstazy w religiach Bengalu

100%

Czyżykowski R.

Studia Religiologica

2011

vol. 44

59-69

In the religions of Bengal ecstasy is the culmination and test of religious maturity and the state of adulthood, the external expression of unio mystica and the effect of possession by a deity. Ecstasy confirms and provides meaning to religious practices, and the exceptional bodily states that accompany it provide religion with the marks of authenticity – one might say that ecstasy is the actualisation of the myth and model of the perfect person that can be found in Bengali culture. The ecstatic usually fulfils the function of guru – the verification of the authenticity of his bhava (ecstatic state) works as a legitimisation of his status as a religious teacher. Ecstasy can be induced by ritual means, asceticism and discipline – such ecstasy can be called ritual. In the other case it has the nature of spontaneous experience, and in this case it is perceived as a sign of the particular blessing of the deity. This understanding of the phenomenon of ecstasy is convergent with the concept of religion as a mystical state providing meaning as well as offering a person exceptional visionary experiences that are not present in ordinary life. In this way ecstasy would be the realisation of the innate human potential to enter altered states of consciousness (ASC), which constitute an integral component of traditional cultures. Such states are experienced by the participants of a given community in accordance with the model operating in that culture, and are the legitimisation of the knowledge passed on according to tradition. On the other hand, these states continually verify that model, and sometimes go beyond it, introducing new elements into the culture and specific religious tradition.

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Ruch Świadomości Kryszny – gaudija wisznuizm w kulturze Zachodu

W poszukiwaniu genezy i specyfiki zjawiska ekstazy w religiach Bengalu