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EN
Wooden architecture has been a typical element of the Polish landscape for a few centuries. A special role is played by churches that at present are slowly disappearing from the architectural landscape. Ones that were built in the period between the two World Wars are a separate group. After the end of World War I and after Poland regained independence the problem appeared with choosing a proper architectural form for new churches. The structure, planning arrangements, and spatial solutions that were used, combined with the investors’ preferences, decided that traditional architectural forms dominated; they referred to the “familiar” current and historical styles. A search for “familiarity” understood as referring to the patterns from the past, ranged from the Zakopane Style architecture that was popular at the end of the 19th century, to the type of church characteristic of the Polish highlands, with a dominating spire over the façade. A review of the forms of the wooden churches built before the Second World War in the Lublin region allows stating that they are typical against the background of wooden sacred architecture of the whole country. In the Lublin region about forty wooden churches were built; and nearly half of them do not exist at the moment, or they ceased to perform their original function. The most interesting ones include the projects carried out by professional architects, bound up with the state administration. Bohdan Kelles-Krauze was the author of three wooden churches in the region: in Leszkowice, Kłodnica Dolna and Olbiecin. Tadeusz Witkowski designed the church for the Dziesiąta Quarter in Lublin, transferred to Pilaszkowice in the 1980s. An interesting project of a church in Biała Ordynacka with picturesque “sobotas” and a characteristic roof in the Zakopane Style by Franciszek Kopkowicz finally was not carried out. A serious problem is posed by the slow “dying” of wooden churches built in the interwar period that are relatively new monuments of the past. Often they are too small for their parishes and they cannot win a competition with more impressive, new brick or concrete structures. Even if they are entered in the list of vintage buildings, it does not always protect them efficiently.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane problemy konserwatorskie napotkane podczas przenoszenia i rekonstrukcji częściowo spalonego drewnianego kościoła ewangelicko-augsburskiego z Bytomia-Bobrka, o konstrukcji szkieletowej z elementami z drewna klejonego, wzniesionego w roku 1932. Prace konserwatorskie i budowlane przy posadowieniu kościoła na terenie Muzeum „Górnośląski Park Etnograficzny w Chorzowie” trwały od listopada 2016 roku i zostały zakończone 13 września 2017 roku wraz z uroczystą rekonsekracją kościoła. Kościół z Bytomia-Bobrka należy do grupy obiektów drewnianych prefabrykowanych o charakterze tymczasowym, wznoszonych na obszarze Górnego Śląska w okresie międzywojennym XX wieku. Producentem kościoła była firma „Christoph und Unmack” AG Niesky (O.-L) . W czasie prac konserwatorskich pojawiła się konieczność rozwiązania szeregu problemów wynikających z: - nietypowej konstrukcji dźwigarów z drewna klejonego jako głównych elementów nośnych i stabilizujących obiekt; - użycia nietrwałych materiałów budowlanych w postaci zarówno niskiej jakości drewna, jak i materiałów izolacyjnych, pokryciowych, instalatorskich i dekoratorskich; - tymczasowego i z założenia taniego charakteru obiektu, co było powodem zastosowania w kościele z Bytomia-Bobrka maksymalnie uproszczonych, a więc najłatwiejszych rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych i połączeń ciesielskich. Dodatkowymi utrudnieniami w czasie prac były: - wadliwie wykonana inwentaryzacja, demontaż i zabezpieczenie obiektu podczas translokacji i przechowywania materiału rozbiórkowego; - brak jednoznacznych wymagań prawnych co do zakresu ochrony przeciwpożarowej obiektów drewnianych i znajomości właściwości zalecanych preparatów konserwujących i ochronnych; - konieczność dostosowania obiektu do nowych funkcji zgodnie ze współczesnymi wymaganiami Ustawy z dnia 7 lipca 1994 roku – Prawo budowlane; - aktualna opinia miejscowej społeczności na temat wartości oryginalnego wystroju kościoła pochodzącego z okresu, kiedy jego użytkownikiem była w większości społeczność ewangelicka narodowości niemieckiej.
EN
The article presents selected preservation problems encountered during the relocation and reconstruction of the partly burnt wooden Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession from the Bobrek District of Bytom erected in 1932 in a light-frame construction with elements of glued wood. Restoration and construction works concerning the church’s foundation in the Museum “Upper Silesian Ethnographic Park in Chorzów” lasted from November 2016 to September 13, 2017, and were completed with the solemn reconsecration of the church. The church from the Bobrek District of Bytom belongs to a group of prefabricated wooden objects of temporary character erected in the area of Upper Silesia in the interwar period of the 20th century. The church was manufactured by the “Christoph Und Unmack” AG Niesky (O.L.) company. During the restoration works it was necessary to solve a number of problems resulting from: - untypical construction of the girders and main supporting and stabilizing elements which were made of glued wood; - use of non-durable building materials in the form of low quality wood, as well as insulating, covering, installation and decorating materials; - temporary and cheap character of the object, which was the reason for erecting the church from the Bobrek District of Bytom with the use of the most simplified and thus the easiest structural solutions and joinery. Additional obstacles encountered during the works included: - inventory mismanagement, dismantling and security of the object during translocation and storage of the dismantled material; - the lack of the clear legal requirements concerning the scope of fire protection of wooden objects and the knowledge of the properties of recommended preservative and protective agents; - the need to adapt the facility to new functions in accordance with the modern requirements of the Building Law Act of July 7, 1994; - the current opinion of the local community on the value of the original church decor originating from the period when the church was mainly used by the evangelical community of German nationality.
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