Search results - CEJSH

1

Assessment of the capacity to create and understand wordbuilding structures by a child with minor intellectual disability

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Mateusz Szurek M. S.

Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej

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2019

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issue 26

PL

The research conducted on language of children with intellectual disability (ID) shows that they exhibit language dysfunctions on every level of language. Up to now, literature did not include linguistic studies concerning issues of wordbuilding in the language consciousness of pre-school children with intellectual disability. The objective of the article is the assessment of the level of wordbuilding competences of a child at pre-school age with minor intellectual disability (MID) concerning the creation and comprehension of nominal derivates in the area of selected wordbuildin categories (case study). In addition, the author wishes to stress that the assessment of the level of wordbuilding competences should be a component on comprehensive logopaedic diagnosis.

2

Emancypowanie się słów. Nauczanie słownictwa a procesy leksykalizacyjne

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Pastuchowa M.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2015

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issue 2(16)

31-43

EN

This article discusses the possibility of using the concept of lexicalization in teaching Polish as a foreign language. The author presents different views of lexicalization in the works of linguists and she advocates that there is a need for a broad understanding of this phenomenon. The suggested strategy refers to glottodidactic practice. The discussed examples prove that processes that are common (such as breaking ethymological and formative ties) lead to the emancipation of a lexical item, which is no longer regarded as belonging to a certain semantic field. A similar situation occurs when graphic conventions interfere – they can disguise the semantic or formal origin of a lexem. The aim of the strategies suggested in the article is to restore the awareness of the very existence of some ties between words. According to the author it makes the process of building vocabulary easier for foreigners.

3

DIE SPRACHE LEBT UND VERÄNDERT SICH. ZU NEUESTEN TENDENZEN IN DER DEUTSCHEN WORTBILDUNG

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Dargiewicz A.

Acta Neophilologica

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2012

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vol. XIV/1

61-76

EN

The principles of word formation have been employed for a considerable period of time. In the contemporary German word formation numerous doubts are expressed concerning the correctness of newly formed words, but languages are constantly developing and some expressions which were previously considered incorrect are now accepted as a norm. The development tendencies of the language constitute its driving force. It should be observed that apart from two basic trends in the development of word formation, i.e. the propensity for abbreviating and the tendency to make information precise, a third trend can be added, namely the automatic use of derivational techniques. More specifically, the creation of derivatives out of native word-forming elements consists merely in their mechanical combining, while any complications are eliminated. It should also be stressed that in the contemporary German abbreviations are created on a mass scale. In addition, the specific nature of the German language consists in its having two parallel word-forming systems: the native word-forming system and the borrowed word-forming system which is based on borrowings from other languages, especially on English word-forming patterns. The contemporary German language borrows from the English language not only suffixes and prefixes, but also morphologically unchanged simple and complex lexemes which are then used to form direct elements of compounds, derivatives and conversions. In the process of composition, the borrowed words get combined both with one another and with the native units. The considerations I have included in my article provide enough evidence to support the claim that the problems connected with word formation are still fashionable and inspire a lot of research. The German language lives, changes, responds to the dominant globalizing tendencies, which is also observable in the field of word formation.

4

Why Clipped Forms Should Be Accepted As Nouns

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Hamans C.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2008

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vol. 50

95-109

EN

This paper is about the status of clipped forms. It turns out clipping rules are not completely regular, but the resulting forms must show a transparent relation to the source word, where transparency includes semantic recoverability and phonological resemblance. Furthermore clipped forms have a special stylistic or pragmatic character when compared to the original form. However, the most important conclusion is that clipped forms should not be considered as an arbitrary part of the original word form and therefore seen as having no independent grammatical status, but should be described as nouns in their own right. Arguments for this conclusion come from blend formation. Also Zabrocki’s theory of diacrisis is used to describe the phenomena under discussion.

5

Polnische -k-Suffixe in den deutschen Dialekten

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Nyenhuis A.

Studia Linguistica

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2013

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issue 32

147 - 163

EN

The article pursues a goal to show the influences of the Polish -k suffixes in the eastern dialects of Germany.

6

Словообразовательные аспекты языковой игры в псевдоэтимологию

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Miakiszew W.

Studia Rossica Posnaniensia

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2018

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issue 43

203-212

PL

The paper addresses B. Norman's humorous etymological Russian dictionary. By reanalyzing the morphological structure of Russian words, Norman provides them with knowingly false, amusing interpretations. The paper proposes to investigate the word-formation aspects of Norman’s re-analyzed lexis. It mostly represents an attempt to “build” the false etymological entities into the system of all existing word-formation techniques of the Russian language. Specific features of amusing para-etymology are also identified.

7

ЗАИМСТВОВАННЫЕ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЕ - НАЗВАНИЯ ЛИЦ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ КАК ЯВЛЕНИЕ МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ

93%

Баданина И.

Acta Neophilologica

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2011

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vol. XIII

29-35

EN

In modem Russian there are a lot of substantives with the semantics of a person (person substantives), borrowed from English. These words can be without or with changes. In Russian substantives without the semantics of a woman are formed from words with the semantics of a man.

8

Substantivische Mehrfachkomposita im Gegenwartsdeutschen am Beispiel der Medizinsprache

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Gierzyńska M. A.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2023

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issue 23

373-378

EN

For a long time, specialized languages have been an important and popular area of linguistic research. So far, research works have been based on defining and dividing certain specialized languages in order to describe their complex structure or processes which influence them. This approach is also applied in the analysis of technical vocabulary which is considered as an integral part of every specialized language. In the world of continuous changes people need new terms for current phenomena, processes and products. In this particular aspect, word formation has a specific role as it provides people with the opportunity to fill in the gaps in onomastics. This statement is also true when it comes to medical language where many medical terms function as multiple nominal compounds. Maciej Choromański presents those areas of research in his monograph. In the theoretical part, the author provides the characteristics of the main rules of word formation processes and points at the issue of forming compounds. Then, the description of specialized languages and medical language is given. The empirical part is devoted to the analysis of multiple nominal compounds in medical nomenclature of contemporary German. The author’s research includes morphological, spatial, semantical and orthographical criteria. Describing all aspects mentioned above, allows the following monograph to be considered not only as a set of clues about the word formation system, but also as a reference to the context of specialized language. This work can serve as a valuable complement to current publications on that topic.

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Grochowska M., Wierzbicka A., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. W. J. P., marta1803@op.pl, awierzbicka@uni.lodz.pl

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica

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2015

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vol. 049

EN

The problem of introduction and use of feminine names is still current and arouses many controversies. One can find a lot of information concerning reasonableness of the use of feminine names and their social reception though there are only a few papers referring to their grammar and word-formation. Thus it is right to complete the discussion on the use of feminine names by a solid word-formation analysis, which also aims to show productive and non-productive word-formation types and the difficulties one can encounter while creating feminine names. The research used in this paper consists of 265 feminine names found in an annual 2014 of daily newspapers (‘Dziennik Łódzki’, ‘Gazeta Wyborcza’) and feminine magazines (‘Wysokie Obcasy’, ‘Zwierciadło’), used with reference to females.

16

Rola składników niemieckich formacji słowotwórczych w konstruowaniu i interpretowaniu wiedzy o rzeczywistości pozajęzykowej

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Stopyra J.

Język a Kultura

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2015

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vol. 25

305-313

EN

The article deals with the problem of linguistic determinism and relativism. The author attempts to proof the existence of a relationship between the structure of a word and the extralinguistic reality and thus to contribute to the discussion on the problem.

17

Prasłowiański przyrostek *-tajь w świetle materiału porównawczego

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Witczak K. T.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2017

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issue 23

209-222

EN

The author considers anew the origin of the Slavic suffix *-tajь, taking into account new Tocharian data which feature the agentive suffix -tau (e.g. Toch. B. olyitau ‘boatman’ : Toch. AB olyi; Toch. B käryorttau ‘trader, merchant’ : karyor ‘buying, business negotiation’), as well as the iterative-frequentative feature of the verbal suffix *-teh₂- in the Indo-European languages. The iterative-frequentative aspect of the Indo-European suffix *-teh₂- is securely preserved in the Latin verbal system, cf. Lat. eō, īre ‘to go, walk, move, pass’, Gk. εἶμι ‘id.’ (< PIE. *h₁ei- ‘to go’) vs. Lat. itō, itāre (verbum iterativum vel intensivum) ‘to go, march’, Gk. ἰτητέον (adiectivum verbale) (< PIE. *h₁i-teh₂- ‘to go frequently’). It is suggested that the iterative-frequentative (and perhaps intensive) meaning of the suffix *-teh₂- was adopted from Indo-European verbal formations and introduced into a number of nominal forms, e.g. agent nouns (nomina agentis) with the (verbal) suffix *-teh₂-, e.g. PIE. *h₂erh₃-i̯e-ti ‘he ploughs’   PIE. *h₂erh₃-teh₂-i̯e-ti ‘he frequently (or constantly) ploughs’  PIE. *h₂erh₃-teh₂-s m. ‘a man who frequently (or constantly) ploughs the earth’, i.e. ‘ploughman, farmer’  PIE. dial. *h₂erh₃-teh₂-i̯o-s m. ‘id.’. The author concludes that the Proto-Indo-European archetype *h₂erh₃-teh₂-(i̯o)-s originally denoted ‘a person who frequently (or constantly) ploughs the earth’. Put differently, the Indo-European nominal suffix *-teh₂-, attested in certain agent nouns in Baltic, Greek, Slavic and Tocharian, was characterized by the iterative-frequentative aspect taken over from the corresponding verbs in *-teh₂-. The original semantic difference, reconstructible for the Indo-European proto-language, has been completely forgotten in most of the daughter languages. This is why the Ancient Greek noun ἀρότης m. ‘plougman, farmer’ (< PIE. *h₂erh₃-téh₂-s m.), which originally denoted ‘a person who frequently or constantly ploughs the earth’, seems to be fully synonymous with ἀροτήρ m. ‘plougman, farmer’ (< PIE. *h₂erh₃-tér-s m.) which originally indicated a man who is ploughing currently but not constantly. The same semantic difference must have existed in Baltic (e.g. Lith. artójas ‘ploughman, farmer’, OPruss. artoys ‘farmer’ vs. Lith. arėjas m. ‘plougman’, Latv. arẽjs m. ‘ploughman, farmer’), as well as in Slavic (e.g. Pol. rataj ‘ploughman, farmer’ vs. oracz m. ‘ploughman’).

18

Vulgarismen in deutschen und polnischen Rap- und Rocksongs. Eine semantische und strukturelle Analyse

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Derecka M.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2022

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issue 21

459-463

EN

Those who fear the decline of the German language use the following argumentation: countless foreign words in the German language system, patchwork-like language use with all its linguistic phenomena, such as abbreviations and short forms, multilingualism, code-switching, bricolage, hybrid formations and borrowings, grammatical reduction and deviation from grammatical norms, codification of the language. Many of these language-changing processes are explained and even justified by globalisation and the enormous mobility of people in today’s world. There is somewhat less understanding of the use of vulgarisms not only in everyday life but also in the media. What was unthinkable a few decades ago has become reality today: Vulgarisms permeate public language and are even used by celebrities. While individual swear words no longer seem to shock, their accumulation in rock and rap lyrics is completely rejected by many or bypassed as a taboo subject. In his monograph, which is dedicated to a semantic and structural analysis of vulgarisms in German and Polish rap and rock lyrics, Krystian Suchorab deals with the use of vulgarisms and points out the following aspects, among others: vulgarisms and aggression in music; lyrics as a form of communication; semantic and structural analysis of vulgar lexemes in German and Polish rap and rock songs. With this contribution, the author breaks a taboo and enriches with his research the already existing, but not particularly extensive literature on the topic of vulgarisms. The topic still seems to be up-to-date and worth further research.

19

Szacun, szacuneczek, uszanowanko! O derywatach wyrażających szacunek (?)

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Lisczyk K.

Poradnik Językowy

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2020

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vol. 776

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issue 7

35-49

EN

the nouns szacunek, uszanowanie, and poszanowanie (respect) is noticeable in modern Polish. However, their meanings and grammatical statuses are unclear. Therefore, this paper aims to characterise units such as szacun, szacuneczek, uszanowanko as well as poszan and poszanowanko in terms of grammar and semantics. They are formally analysed by describing their structure and their semantic interpretation is made based on an overview of the material excerpted using Mocno PL, a corpus search engine, and Google, a web search engine. The analyses lead to the conclusion that the examined derivatives are stylistic synonyms of the noun szacunek in certain contexts only. In a majority of cases, they express approval, while in some contexts they function also as formulas opening or closing a statement or an utterance.

20

Składniowy model synchronicznego opisu słowotwórstwa – podstawy i zastosowanie

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Maldjieva V.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2013

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vol. 13

EN

A syntactical model of synchronic word formation description – basics and appliedThis article attempts to briefly present the basic postulates, their implications and the resulting opportunities for an approach to word formation, which is defined here as syntactic. It has been already tested in a confrontative description of Polish and Bulgarian word formation (Cf. V. Maldjieva, Słowotwórstwo. Gramatyka konfrontatywna bułgarsko polska, Vol. IX, Warszawa, 2009).The basic postulate is assumed to be the presence of a structural isomorphism between the language units sentence and lexeme, i.e. the same combinatorial rules license both the combinations of lexemes within the sentence and the combinations of morphemes within the lexeme. Another postulate, that is basic for the research, is the relative autonomy of the semantic and syntactic structures of the language units. In regard to word formation it means that, in this case semantic and formal derivatives should be distinguished in analogy to the sentence syntax, that distinguishes the concept structure (sentence) and formal structure (sentential expression).Składniowy model synchronicznego opisu słowotwórstwa – podstawy i zastosowanieArtykuł stanowi próbę zwięzłego przedstawienia podstawowych założeń i ich implikacji oraz wynikających z nich możliwości zastosowania podejścia do słowotwórstwa, które określa się w tym miejscu jako składniowe. Cząstkowe propozycje, interpretacje szczegółowych zjawisk językowych oraz sugestii, których uporządkowanie i rozwinięcie legły u podstaw tego podejścia, zawarte są w różnych pracach prof. Stanisława Karolaka [por. Karolak 2001a, b, c; 2002]. Próbę konsekwentnego zastosowania składniowego modelu do interpretacji zjawisk z zakresu słowotwórstwa w języku polskim i bułgarskim podjęto zaś w opracowaniu konfrontacji słowotwórczej tych języków [Maldjieva 2009], do którego będę się w głównej mierze odwoływać w niniejszej pracy.

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