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Sytuacja prawna wraku RMS Titanic

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Bugajski D. R.
Santander Art and Culture Law Review
|
2022
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vol. 8
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issue 1
41-60
EN
Almost immediately after the Titanic sank on 15 April 1912, proposals were advanced to salvage the ship from her resting place. The wreck was ultimately discovered on 1 September 1985. This article will discuss the application of the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention and the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage and the development of the law of salvage through orders of the courts with respect to the protection of the wreck of the RMS Titanic and her artifacts. The paper will discuss the matter of ownership and other legal titles to such property. The 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage applies to all traces of human existence having a cultural, historical or archaeological character which have been submerged for at least 100 years. Thus, 15 April 2012 marks the moment when the Titanic wreckage became protected under this Convention. The Titanic lies currently in international waters, outside of the exclusive jurisdiction of any State. Legal jurisdiction over the seabed may change when Canada extends its Continental Shelf under the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention.
PL
Niemal natychmiast po zatonięciu RMS Titanic 15 kwietnia 1912 r. pojawiły się pomysły jego wydobycia. Szczątki Titanica zostały odnalezione 1 września 1985 r. W artykule podjęto zagadnienie zastosowania przepisów Konwencji Narodów Zjednoczonych o prawie morza z 1982 r. i Konwencji UNESCO o ochronie podwodnego dziedzictwa kulturowego z 2001 r. do ochrony szczątków RMS Titanic oraz zagadnienie ewolucji tejże ochrony w świetle orzecznictwa sądów krajowych. Przedmiotem badań jest także własność i inne tytuły prawne związane z wrakiem Titanica. Konwencja UNESCO z 2001 r. ma zastosowanie do wszystkich śladów ludzkiej egzystencji mających znaczenie kulturowe, historyczne lub archeologiczne, które są zatopione od ponad 100 lat. Od 15 kwietnia 2012 r. Titanic i jego artefakty są chronione na podstawie tej Konwencji. Obecnie szczątki tego liniowca spoczywają na wodach międzynarodowych poza wyłączną jurysdykcją jakiegokolwiek państwa. Jurysdykcja w stosunku do dna morskiego może się zmienić, kiedy Kanada rozszerzy swój szelf kontynentalny zgodnie z Konwencją o prawie morza z 1982 r.
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Myśleć przez morze. Sztrandowanie i inne metafory, w poszukiwaniu poznawczych alternatyw

100%
Owczarska M.
Przegląd Kulturoznawczy
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2021
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issue 2 (48) Błękitna humanistyka
245-267
EN
In this article, I would like to consider the comparison of stranding to landcentric cognitive processes that translate into the creation of an impossible world – devoid of water and its potentials, rhythms and cycles immersed in it. I will illustrate this with examples of fresh water and sea hydro-policies (including nuclear trials in the Pacific) and will explore cognitive and activist alternatives proposed by the Polynesian sailors and navigators. I will also use two ambiguous metaphors of a ship and a Polynesian voyaging canoe as an opening for different narrations of the planets’ future in the climate crisis.
3

Badania archeologiczne wraku okrętu „Solen”, który zatonął w Bitwie pod Oliwą 28 listopada 1627 roku

100%
Bednarz T.
Pomorania Antiqua
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2024
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vol. Tom XXXIII
139–194
EN
The wreck of the W-6 ‘Solen’ constitutes the remains of the Swedish warship ‘Solen’ (Sun), which sank on November 28, 1627 during the Battle of Oliwa. It was a warship with a transom stern, the length of which was over 30 metres and the load capacity of 150 lasts. The vessel was built using the caravel method from oak wood. Archaeological work on the wreck was carried out at intervals in the years 1970-1980. In 1980, the explored wooden structure of the wreck was lifted and transported to a safer place. It is currently located approximately 3.5 nautical miles east of Gdynia Redłowo, at a depth of 15 metres. In 2015 and 2019, a detailed inventory of the site was carried out using 3D photogrammetric documentation. A total of almost 4.5 thousand artefacts were recovered from the wreck. The unique and most valuable is the collection of 20 gunmetal cannon barrels. Sixteen of them come from Sweden, two from Poland and two cannons with Cyrillic inscriptions come from Rus’. Examples of artefacts related to the military character of the vessel also include gun carriages, cannonballs of various calibres, powder spoons, powder dispensers, muskets and musket balls as well as fragments of malee weapons. A separate group of finds are the personal effects of sailors, such as shoes and their fragments, gloves, hat, leather belts, metal buckles and clay pipes. A collection of Swedish silver and copper coins was recovered from the wreck, as well as navigational instruments, kitchen vessels, boatswain's tools, and elements of rigging such as a wooden bollard with a three-pulley block and a knight's head, blocks of various types and deadeyes. The artefacts recovered from the site can be divided into eight main groups, such as: armament; rigging; navigation, cabin equipment and tools; utility and kitchen equipment, equipment and personal belongings of the crew; osteology; unidentified objects and objects that were found on the wreck while it was lying on the bottom of the bay. The largest groups are the armament, utility equipment and personal belongings of the crew. The article will discuss the discovery of the wreck, the course of underwater archaeological work on the site, artefacts recovered from the wreck divided into functional groups, the course of the Battle of Oliwa, the identification of the wreck and the characteristics and history of the identified warship.
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