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1

WOKÓŁ DEFINICJI ZABYTKU ARCHEOLOGICZNEGO

100%

Trzciński M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2007

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issue 4

111-117

EN

The binding statute of 23 July 2003 on the protection and care of historical monuments was the first Polish legal regulation relating to the protection of the national heritage to introduce the concept of the archaeological monument. Its pre-war predecessors and the statute on the protection of cultural property from 1962 consistently used the terms “excavations” or “findings”. The introduced division of monuments into mobile, immobile and archaeological (the latter are also classified as mobile and immobile) constitutes irrefutable proof that the object under protection has become more extensive and concrete. New systemic, economic and legal conditions have become the reason why the scale of threats to archaeological heritage grew rapidly already at the onset of the 1990s. The solutions introduced into the statute, concerning the protection of archaeological monuments, imposedcivic duties whose neglect is now threatened with penalaccountability. From the viewpoint of the almost five years-long existence of the statute on monuments it has become apparent that the application of its regulations can be problematical. Reservations are formulated not only by bodies using this law in their decision-making process but also those involved in combating and preventing crimes committed against monuments (the police force, border guards, customs services). Fundamental doubts are produced by an interpretation of the definition of the historical monument and its classified form, i.e. the archaeological monument. Attention is also drawn to the fact that the range of the definition of the archaeological object has been delineated much too generally, which makes it possible to classify, for instance, an item originating from the early twentieth century as an archaeological monument. Indubitably, the clarity and acuteness of the definition are closely associated with legal consequences pertaining to, e.g. , awarding a person who had discovered an archaeological monument or punishment for damaging or appropriating it. It is high time, therefore, to answer whether the binding definition should be modified, and if so, then to what extent. It seems that this question should be addressed to archaeologists, since in the course of the past decade the range of the interests of contemporary archaeology has changed due to the development of large municipal agglomerations and the construction of roads and highways, always accompanied by archaeological investigations. A discussion on the definition of the archaeological monument is also directly connected with the increasingly universal search for monuments, conducted across the country.

2

KOPAĆ, JAK TO ŁATWO POWIEDZIEĆ

100%

Gołembnik A.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2003

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issue 3-4

95-106

EN

For years, publishing the results of archaeological studies has given rise to multiple controversies. A rapid growth of the number of examined sites and discovered monuments has long ago exceeded the intellectual productivity of researchers. Museum storerooms are brimming with piles of boxes containing invaluable monuments without any chances for publication. The only opportunity for archaeologists to quickly issue the research results is to change the organisation of investigations and the principles of conducting work, predominantly to modernise the methods of documentation. Suitably performed and skillfully illustrated work should become, immediately after its completion, material for pertinent publications. Such an attempt had been made two years ago in Gdańsk by a team from the Institute of Archaeology at Warsaw University, while examining the area of the Dominican Centre. The two volumes have become the source of enormous satisfaction among researchers dealing with the history of Gdańsk, although they were also criticised for workshop shortcomings. At the same time, the very sense of socalled rapid material publications was questioned. The purpose of the presented text is to defend the idea of rapid publication, with the initial premise being that the fundamental duty of every archaeologist completing his excavation work is to publish its outcome before he embarks upon successive research.

3

Współczesne badania archeologiczne Zamku Dolnego w Wilnie

100%

Makowska K.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1997

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issue 1

91-96

4

Raporty wykopaliskowe : t. VII : 1995 : Warszawa 1996 : Centrum Archeologii Śródziemnomorskiej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego : ss. 172

88%

Gromnicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1997

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issue 1

99-100

5

Międzynarodowa Karta Konserwacji i Restauacji Zabytków i Miejsc Zabytkowych

75%

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1966

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issue Postanowienia i uchwały

3-5

6

MAŁE POMPEJE GABINET POMPEJAŃSKI W DAWNYM MUZEUM MIEJSKIM W SZCZECINIE

63%

Łopuch M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2005

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issue 3

39-48

EN

The discovery and exploration of the towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii, inaugurated at the beginning of the eighteenth century, proved to have been an adventure in classical archaeology and a school of its scientific methods. The greatest revelation of the excavations conducted in the Campagna cities destroyed by an eruption of Vesuvius, was the immense variety of numerous murals, frequently preserved in excellent condition. The Municipal Museum of Szczecin was established in 1910, and opened to the public in the middle of 1913 after the construction of an imposing building. The main part of the Museum collections was composed of antiquities donated by the Dorn family, encompassing original monuments together with copies of classical works of art and crafts. One of the showrooms on the stately first storey of the Museum, featuring copies of monuments from the two Vesuvius cities, was known as the Pompeian Room. In the course of organising the classical expositions, Walter Riezler, the Museum director, decided to show also copies of Pompeian murals. His conception assumed the form of the so-called Pompeian Cabinet, a smaller interior distinguished from the Pompeian Room, with walls covered with copies of murals from the collections of the National Museum in Naples. They included architectural and decorative motifs as well as landscapes and figural compositions: Medea, Three Graces and Concert. The Cabinet was completed and opened to the public in May 1930, i .e. twenty years after the original concept was initiated. Its prolonged implementation was caused by assorted organisational and financial problems connected with wartime turmoil and the inflation of the 1920s. The first stage of work on the Cabinet involved the execution of copies of the aforementioned originals on display in Naples (at the time the largest collection of Pompeian wall paintings transferred from the excavated buildings). The authors of the copies included Munich-based painters Sophie F. Hormann and, after her resignation, Herman Völkerling, who executed part of the compositions in Naples. They were followed by Otto Dannenberg from Berlin (1928-1929). The decorations were a compilation of motifs and depictions originating from assorted monuments from the two towns, and thus were not copies in the literal meaning of the word. The resultant museum interior was a sui generis pastiche, whose purpose was to present both the character of the Pompeian houses and the style and technique of their painted embellishments.The author of the project and the painters who decorated the Cabinet devoted much attention and effort to assorted technical and technological aspects in order to recreate the technology of the classical mural, at the time totally unravelled (and up to this day not finally resolved), surrounded with an aura of mystery, and a source of fascination shared by artists and researchers alike; this held true especially for the effect of the deeply saturated colours and the glistening and smooth surface of the murals. The Szczecin Pompeian Cabinet has not been preserved despite the fact that the building of the former Municipal Museum survived the second world war and today is one of the seats of the National Museum in Szczecin. Most probably, the Cabinet was destroyed or liquidated during the first postwar years. In 2004 an exposure of the walls of the former Pompeian Room disclosed remnants of the Cabinet murals, but more extensive in situ research has not been inaugurated. The collections of the National Museum in Szczecin also include a copy of Cupid Chastised (tempera on plaster), whose connection with the Cabinet has not been satisfactorily explained.

7

Badania archeologiczne prowadzone przez muzeum żup krakowskich Wieliczka w latach 2018–2019

63%

Fraś J. M., Kolebuk E., Pawlikowski S.

Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

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2020

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vol. 34

298-325

EN

The Archaeological Department of the Cracow Saltworks Museum in Wieliczka conducted archaeological research in year 2018 on station 43 in Bochnia-Chodenice. Numerous movable historical objects and cultural artefacts were discovered in the course of the works. These discoveries should be linked to the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age. Findings included artefacts of the linear pottery culture, the Malice culture, the Pleszów-Modlnica group, the Mierzanowice culture and the Lusatian culture. In years 2018-2019, preparations were commenced to conduct research at two barrow sites discovered in Kolanowski Forest near Bochnia (Bochnia-Kolanów, station no. 120; Łapczyca, station no. 90). Geomagnetic surveys and soil recognition boreholes were carried out in these locations, ALS data was developed and interpreted, and field penetrations were conducted several times. In year 2019, archaeological supervision of earthworks was commenced in association with the renovation of the former district court building, adapted to become the new headquarters of the Cracow Saltworks Museum in Wieliczka.

PL

Dział Archeologiczny Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka w Wieliczce w roku 2018 prowadził badania wykopaliskowe na stanowisku 43 w Bochni-Chodenicach. W trakcie prowadzonych prac natrafiono na liczne zabytki ruchome i obiekty kulturowe. Odkrycia należy wiązać z okresem neolitu i epoką brązu. Wydzielono artefakty kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej, kultury malickiej, grupy pleszowsko-modlnickiej, kultury mierzanowickiej oraz kultury łużyckiej. W latach 2018–2019 rozpoczęto przygotowania do badań dwóch stanowisk kurhanowych odkrytych w Lesie Kolanowskim nieopodal Bochni (Bochnia-Kolanów, stan. 120; Łapczyca, stan. 90). Przeprowadzono tam badania geomagnetyczne, odwierty gleboznawcze, wykonano opracowanie i interpretację danych ALS oraz kilkukrotnie przeprowadzono penetracje terenowe. W 2019 r. rozpoczęto nadzór archeologiczny prac ziemnych, związanych z remontem budynku dawnego sądu powiatowego, adaptowanego na nową siedzibę Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka.

8

Znaczenie archeologii chrześcijańskiej dla interpretacji "Peristephanon" Prudencjusza na przykładzie wykopalisk pod Bazyliką św. Pawła za Murami

51%

Iwaszkiewicz-Wronikowska B.

Vox Patrum

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2006

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vol. 49

245-251

EN

Hac in dissertatiuncula recentes excavationes archeologicae sub Romana Basilica S. Pauli extra muras, de qua iam IV saecolo Aurelius Prudentius in Peristephanon XII 45-54 scripsit, recensentur.

9

Charakterystyka zabytków krzemiennych z wielokulturowego stanowiska Zakrzów 8, gm. Niepołomice

51%

Lajs K., Fraś J.

Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

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2017

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vol. 32

182-249

XX

The following study covers flint artefacts unearthed during the six seasons of archaeological excavations conducted by the Cracow Saltworks Museum in Wieliczka, at the multi-cultural site no. 8 in Zakrzów, Niepołomice municipality, county of Wieliczka. It is intended as the first stage of a wider analysis including the reminder of artefacts, characteristics of archaeological features, and structure of settlements in the microregion. The site was first discovered during surface work within the AZP 103- 58 rectangular area, conducted during 1983 by Antoni Jodłowski, Kazimierz Reguła and Adam Szybowicz2. The site is located at Wieliczka foothills [Pogórze Wielickie], on the south-eastern slopes of the Tropie Góry hills, rolling towards the Bogusława river – also known as the Zakrzówek stream. In the recent years, the area has been under continuous development due to robust expansion of residential areas as well as businesses opening along the national road no. 964. The undeveloped plot no. 495/2, neighbouring the road from the south, was selected for the archaeological work. Its longer axis points approximately towards the S-E direction. The excavations covered an area reaching 60 m in length and 15 m in width. In total, the area of 8 ares was explored, which resulted in the identification of over 100 features, mostly from the Neolithic period. Found underneath the humus layer were deposits with inclusions of historical materials, filling a ground depression between two local humps invisible from the surface. The bottom of the excavated ditch featured formations whose genesis is likely the result of aqueous environment. This allows us to suppose that there was at least a periodically active spring in this region. Further evidence supporting this hypothesis comes from the layout of identified archaeological features, whose placement avoids the likely area of the watercourse. The depression was probably filled gradually, as suggested by the depth-varying numbers and provenance of unearthed artefacts. The substrate consists of hard sandy clay formations, with multiple ferrous inclusions. A large percentage of the unearthed ceramics consists of so-called ‘sandy’ ceramics, which may suggest the spring being used as the source of brine, or perhaps simply of water used in the production of such vessels. This topic will be elaborated upon in the further stages of the study. The site is multi-cultural in its character. Only few among the archaeological finds can be attributed to the final stages of the Palaeolithic and the Mesolithic periods. The core of the finds consists of Neolithic artefacts, present both in the identified deposit strata and within the archaeological features. A small group of artefacts and features is attributable to the Linear Pottery Culture of the Zofipole stage (2nd half of the 6th millennium BCE), with much more numerous finds from the late stages of the Pleszów-Modlnica group (2nd half of the 5th millennium BCE) and the Wyciąże-Złotniki group (1st half of the 4th millennium BCE) of the Lengyel-Polgár circle. Also identified were various numbers of artefacts from the Lusatian Culture, Tyniec group, Przeworsk Culture, and materials dating from the Medieval period up until the modern times, including a rifleman’s strongpoint from 1914. Due to the particulars of the site stratigraphy, the majority of artefacts comes from a secondary fill, which robs them of some cultural and chronological contexts. Consequently, the main part of the analysis of flint material will be focusing on artefacts from anthropogenic features in which culturally homogeneous ceramics were found. The finds were associated with three horizons: Linear Pottery Culture, and Pleszów-Modlnica group and Wyciąże-Złotniki group of the Lengyel-Polgár circle (Table no. I).

10

Wykopaliska w Jerycho

51%

Strąkowski H.

The Biblical Annals

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1963

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vol. 10

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issue 1

93-106

PL

Wykopaliska w Jerycho

11

Stanowiska archeologiczne w powiecie siedleckim

45%

Czerwieniec-Ivasyk M.

Radzyński Rocznik Humanistyczny

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2023

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vol. 21

7-29

EN

Archaeological sites in the Siedlecka Upland allow to observe a cross–section of the entire history of settlement in this area from the late Paleolithic to the Middle Ages. The area, situated on sandy terminal moraines, was not a very attractive settlement location, despite the widely branched waterways. In the area of the currently functioning region, several hundred traces of human presence in this area have been identified. Some of the finds were incidental and did not constitute the basis for in–depth searches. Among the registered archaeological sites, there are those where extensive excavations and rescue research are carried out. Due to the constantly new research methods, opening new archaeological sites is absolutely justified, which will bring new discoveries and hitherto unknown artifacts of settlement in this area.

PL

Stanowiska archeologiczne na Wysoczyźnie Siedleckiej pozwalają na zaobserwowanie historii osadnictwa na tym terenie od późnego paleolitu do średniowiecza. Teren usytuowany na piaszczystych morenach czołowych, mimo szeroko rozgałęzionych szlaków wodnych, nie stanowił bardzo atrakcyjnej lokalizacji osadniczej. Na obszarze obecnie funkcjonującego powiatu udało wyodrębnić się kilkaset śladów obecności ludzkiej na tym terenie. Część ze znalezisk była incydentalnych i nie stanowiła podstawy do pogłębionych poszukiwań. Wśród zarejestrowanych stanowisk archeologicznych wyróżnić można te, na których prowadzone są szeroko zakrojone badania wykopaliskowe, jak i badania ratownicze. W związku z wciąż nowymi metodami badawczymi, otwieranie nowych stanowisk archeologicznych jest jak najbardziej zasadne, co przyniesie nowe odkrycia i dotychczas nieznane artefakty bytności osadniczej na tym terenie.

12

Historia badań nad zagadnieniem najstarszych zachodnich sanktuariów męczenników. Od kontrreformacyjnej apologetyki po współczesne badania interdyscyplinarne

45%

Stróż A.

Vox Patrum

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2013

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vol. 60

315-335

EN

In the course of centuries the Early Christian sanctuaries of the martyrs either continued their purpose and remained the sacred destinations or fell into ruin and became forgotten. There was not much interest in the study of them, at least until the XVIth century, the Counter-Reformation period, when the evidence of sources was used as a weapon to defeat the opponents of the cult of the saints. Ipso facto the study has become only a devotional enterprise. Religiously oriented investigations of Early Christian sanctuaries became more scientific later, with the development of the Christian archaeology, as it gradually separated from theological studies. The remains of the monuments finally started to be regarded as a precious heritage, which should be carefully excavated, documented and well preserved. With G.B. de Rossi’s work the interest in the subject of Christian archaeology increased. Initiated by him the huge archaeological campaign spread in the latin West and goes on till present day. The recent research challenge is to make the picture of the earliest sanctuaries more clear by removing the confessional additions and trying to face the sources in broader, interdisciplinary context.

13

Wykorzystanie archeologii w konserwacji zabytkowych parków i ogrodów

38%

Dix B.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2016

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issue 1

93-103

PL

Badania archeologiczne, jako przejaw interdyscyplinarnego podejścia do tematu zabytkowych parków i ogrodów, pozwalają na poznanie ewolucji tych założeń oraz odkrycie ważnych dla ich historii obiektów. Możliwości są duże: od wstępnej kwerendy z użyciem zdjęć lotniczych, starych map i innych materiałów źródłowych, przez badania terenowe oraz nieinwazyjne badania geofizyczne, aż do dokładnych badań wykopaliskowych. Wyniki mogą posłużyć za podstawę w trakcie prac restauracyjnych, umożliwić wierną rekonstrukcję, wspomóc naukowymi dowodami wszelkie projekty i strategie konserwatorskie.

EN

Archaeological investigation as part of a cross-disciplinary approach is an important means to trace the evolution and significant features of historic parks and gardens. Its scope ranges from background studies using aerial photographs, historical maps and other records, through analytical fieldwork and non-intrusive geophysical surveys to detailed excavation. The results can be used as the basis for accurate restoration, repair and reliable reconstruction in addition to informing conservation management plans and policies.

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WOKÓŁ DEFINICJI ZABYTKU ARCHEOLOGICZNEGO

KOPAĆ, JAK TO ŁATWO POWIEDZIEĆ

Współczesne badania archeologiczne Zamku Dolnego w Wilnie

Raporty wykopaliskowe : t. VII : 1995 : Warszawa 1996 : Centrum Archeologii Śródziemnomorskiej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego : ss. 172

Międzynarodowa Karta Konserwacji i Restauacji Zabytków i Miejsc Zabytkowych

MAŁE POMPEJE GABINET POMPEJAŃSKI W DAWNYM MUZEUM MIEJSKIM W SZCZECINIE

Badania archeologiczne prowadzone przez muzeum żup krakowskich Wieliczka w latach 2018–2019

Znaczenie archeologii chrześcijańskiej dla interpretacji "Peristephanon" Prudencjusza na przykładzie wykopalisk pod Bazyliką św. Pawła za Murami

Charakterystyka zabytków krzemiennych z wielokulturowego stanowiska Zakrzów 8, gm. Niepołomice

Wykopaliska w Jerycho

Stanowiska archeologiczne w powiecie siedleckim

Historia badań nad zagadnieniem najstarszych zachodnich sanktuariów męczenników. Od kontrreformacyjnej apologetyki po współczesne badania interdyscyplinarne

Wykorzystanie archeologii w konserwacji zabytkowych parków i ogrodów