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Ile pedofilii w „pedofilach”? Wybrane problemy wykorzystywania seksualnego małoletnich w Polsce – perspektywa kryminologiczna

100%
Bocheński M.
Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka
|
2015
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vol. 14
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issue 3
99-132
PL
W dyskursie na temat przestępczości seksualnej wobec dzieci nader często używana są określenia pedofilia i pedofile. Czy słusznie? Czy obraz zjawiska oraz cechy (w tym w szczególności stan zdrowia psychicznego) sprawców pozwalają zasadnie twierdzić, że istotnie z pedofilią mamy do czynienia? W artykule zaprezentowano różnice terminologiczne między definicjami pedofilii zaczerpniętymi z medycznych klasyfikacji diagnostycznych a wysoce swoistą definicją, którą statuuje art. 200 kk. Następnie przedstawiono wyniki badań empirycznych – badań aktowych o przestępstwo z art. 200 kk, w tym w szczególności opracowaną typologię czynów oraz dane dotyczące stanu zdrowia psychicznego sprawców. Badania prowadzono w ramach projektu badawczego nr 2013/09/N/HS5/04247, finansowanego ze środków Narodowego Centrum Nauki. Wyniki badań wskazują, że znaczny odsetek tych przestępstw to de facto dobrowolnie podejmowana aktywność seksualna młodych ludzi. Podobnie wyniki badań dowodzą, że znikomy odsetek sprawców to osoby dotknięte zaburzeniami preferencji seksualnych. W zasadniczej większości przypadków nie mamy zatem do czynienia z pedofilią w medycznym rozumieniu tego terminu, a jego używanie zniekształca obraz zjawiska i kieruje większość dyskusji w tym przedmiocie na zupełnie niewłaściwe tory.
EN
In the discussion on sexual offenses against children terms „pedophilia” and „pedophiles” are used quite often. Is it justified? Is the image of the phenomenon and features (including, in particular mental health) of perpetrators allow to claim legitimately that pedophilia is something that we indeed deal with? The article presents the terminological differences between the definitions of pedophilia taken from medical diagnostic classification and highly specific definition that enacts section 200 of Polish Criminal Code. The rest of this article presents the results of empirical research – a study of court files concerning abovementioned crimes, in particular results concerning a typology of these deeds and data on mental health offenders. The research was conducted within the framework of the research grant No. 2013/09/N/HS5/04247, funded by the National Science Centre. The results indicate that a significant percentage of crimes is in fact voluntary sexual activity of young people. Similarly results show that a negligible proportion of offenders are people affected by disorders of sexual preferences. In the vast majority of cases, therefore, we do not deal with pedophilia in the medical sense of the term, and its use distorts the picture of this phenomenon and directs most of the discussion on this subject on a completely misguided track.
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Profil sprawcy, profil ofary. Przestępstwo współżycia z osobą małoletnią poniżej 15. roku życia

54%
Dziewanowska M.
Archiwum Kryminologii
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2012
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issue XXXIV
367-399
EN
The purpose of this article is to present results of an examination of judicial records of cases relating to the article 200 of Criminal Code in two judicial districts. It is essential to construct a profile of a perpetrator and a profile of a victim of this offense, particularly in those cases committed by young people. Also, if possible, to answer a question whether the present legal regulation is adequate to control minors’ sexual activity. Interesting issues are the age difference between the perpetrator and the victim, the existence (or not) of some close relation between them, and also the impact of those factors on the decision of a court. Equally important are reasons of reporting the cases to law enforcement, the basis for initiation of criminal proceedings and final sentences. The objective of this study was also to check whether the reduction of age of consent or the introduction of “close in age exception” would reduce the number of convicted young offenders, who were participants of consensual sexual relations with minors under 15 years old. The analysis of data obtained is carried out in the context of socio-cultural acceptance of sexual behavior of youth, legal regulations of protection of their reproductive health, the impact of media and information technologies, as well as the history of childhood and perception of children’s sexuality. Non-criminal-law factors have very significant impact on the knowledge young people have, on the sexual needs they have, and finally implementation of those in everyday life. This study is part of the doctoral thesis analyzing the problem of sexual offenses committed by or against minors, partly illustrating the phenomenon and the problems arising from the criminal law regulations of sexual behavior of young people. This research is not representative for the whole country, because of the limited geographical scope, but allows to draw relevant conclusions and confirm or deny previously constructed hypotheses. It is also possible to prediagnose emerging problems and to present the potential legal solutions, currently existing in other countries, both in Europe and worldwide.
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