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Zastrzeżenie zadatku w umowie deweloperskiej

100%

Tenenbaum-Kulig M.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

2020

vol. 82

issue 3

143-154

The article concerns the issue of the admissibility of stipulating a preliminary payment in a developer agreement. This subject was analysed in the context of the semi-imperative nature of legal norms contained in the Developer Act. Consideration is given to which results of establishing a preliminary payment are less favourable to the buyer, and thus will not occur in the analysed case. The subject of analysis was also the issue of whether a preliminary payment clause may constitute a prohibited provision in a consumer contract. The second part of the work concerns how to establish a preliminary payment in a developer agreement. It explains the issues regarding how to stipulate a preliminary payment in the developer agreement, the form of such a clause, the subject of the preliminary payment, and how it can be transferred.

Przedmiotem artykułu jest zagadnienie dopuszczalności zastrzegania zadatku w umowie deweloperskiej. Zagadnienie to zostało przeanalizowane w kontekście semiimperatywnego charakteru norm prawnych zawartych w ustawie deweloperskiej. Rozważono, które skutki ustanowienia zadatku są mniej korzystne dla nabywcy, a tym samym nie wystąpią w analizowanym przypadku. Przedmiotem analizy uczyniono również kwestię, czy klauzula zadatku może stanowić niedozwolone postanowienie umowy konsumenckiej. Druga część pracy dotyczy sposobu ustanowienia zadatku w umowie deweloperskiej. Wyjaśniono w niej zagadnienia dotyczące sposobu zastrzeżenia zadatku w umowie deweloperskiej, formy klauzuli zadatku, przedmiotu zadatku oraz sposobu jego przekazania.

Duch jest zadatkiem naszego dziedzictwa w oczekiwaniu na odkupienie (Ef 1,14). Nowotestamentowe metafory Ducha Świętego jako przedsmak pełni zbawienia w życiu przyszłym

88%

Ostański P.

Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne

2017

issue 31

31-48

The aim of this paper is to propose a new distinctive view, different from the traditional one, of the person and work of the Holy Spirit, or speaking more precisely, how St. Paul and the author of the Hebrews understand the gift of the Holy Spirit in Christian life. According to their pneumatology the presence of the Holy Spirit in a baptized person marks the beginning or the first part of salvation that will be completed in the age to come. To spell out their approach they both use the language of metaphors. The first metaphor arrabōn derives from commercial life (2 Cor 1:22; 5:5; Eph 1:14). It stands for the “downpayment” or “earnest” which in trade language means the part of the whole sum of money resulting from the sale-purchase contract, the first installment and the guarantee that the deal will be kept and the total amount of money paid. When Paul calls the Holy Spirit “the first installment”, he means He is like a down payment and a foretaste of eternal happiness and future heritage prepared for the saved. In other words the Spirit is a pledge and a guarantee: what now is paid partially, will be paid completely in eternal life. The second metaphor aparchē (Rom 8:23) originates from the agricultural life. The term “first fruits” pertains to the first grain from the field or to first fruits from the orchard. The Israelites were obliged to offer them to Yahweh. When offering Him a small part of the first produce, they actually gave Him the whole crop. In St. Paul’s view the Holy Spirit is like the first sheaf of grain offered to the Christians, and points out to the future complete harvest of salvation in heaven. The third metaphor of the Holy Spirit – a forerunner of future fullness – is taken from the domestic life. The Spirit is considered by the author of the Hebrews as food which is tasted by the baptized (geuomai; Heb 6:4). In fact, tasting is not yet the exact eating, but consuming a small amount of a dish in order to know what it is like. Christians filled with the Holy Spirit just sample “the powers of the age to come” (Heb 6:5), because He is a foretaste of the eternal banquet in heaven. The three studied metaphors introduce an unexpected perspective of the Holy Spirit. In earthly life He is the first installment or an advance payment of big riches provided for the believers; He is the first fruits indicating the heavenly harvest and the foretaste of an eternal banquet with God. He is also a pledge and a guarantee that what was promised by God to His people, will be granted.

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1 Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne

1 Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

1 Ostański P.

1 Tenenbaum-Kulig M.

1 2020

1 2017

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Zastrzeżenie zadatku w umowie deweloperskiej

Duch jest zadatkiem naszego dziedzictwa w oczekiwaniu na odkupienie (Ef 1,14). Nowotestamentowe metafory Ducha Świętego jako przedsmak pełni zbawienia w życiu przyszłym