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Zabytek architektury jako znak

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Szmygin B.

Ochrona Zabytków

1988

issue 4

255-260

Unpurposefulness and impossibility to preserve all monuments of architecture creates a need for a precise definition of the value of individual objects, which would enable to single out those which should be preserved and to delineate the scope of interference into them as well as to issue necessary legal acts. Therefore, it is necessary to work out — on a bigger scale than so far — scientific bases for the protection of monuments and even the notion of the monument of architecture itself. Of some assistance may be here semiotics. Basing on the studies made by linguists and logicians, making use of semiotic analyses of art historians one can analyze a monument of architecture as a sign or text. A semiotic rendering of monuments of architecture is evoked by the statement made by Ch. S. Peirce who claimed that the sign may be anything, any kind of existence. With regard to old objects, then we see their value mainly in what they direct us to, their antiquity, uniqueness, evidence of the epoch or style, association with people or events et.c. Moreover, at the time of its creation, the building was a sign of its builder, commissioner, fashion, epoch, technical possibilities et.c. And the fact that is also equally important is that often in the intention of their creators the structures were a sign of their wealth, power, life philosophy, technological systems. The reference and definition of semiotic notions with regard to monuments of architecture call of course, for the definition based on other sign systems, e.g. code, content, meaning element and element meant. These definitions may vary depending what concept of semiotics is accepted. Without preference given to any of the concepts, one can already now point out certain possibilities offered by a semiotic approach to monuments of architecture. They are as follows: — the object may be analyzed at three levels, namely syntactic, semantic and pragmatic; this enables a more complete recognition and understanding, — one can analyze processes of denotation and connotation of the object; this may help in learning a semantic field containing what is generally described as the value of the monument, — one can study a process of semiosis in which a historic object participates; the use of a semiotic method of interpretation, — one can analyze the object as a medium of communication and analyze the code, the sender, the recipient, mediate on the language of architecture, examine the effect of non-linguistic circumstance, — one can study the possibility of transferring into the analysis of the object and in particular into the evaluation of conservation treatment done, assumptions of the theory of communication, e.g. to study the object as a channel of information and appearing noises (conservation treatment as the elimination or intensification of noise).

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1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Szmygin B.

1 1988

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Zabytek architektury jako znak