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EN
Offset is a common tool which is used all over the world. It allows a country which is purchasing foreign armament to request some compensation form the seller when its needs concerning essential security interests cannot be met by domestic industry. Such compensation can take various forms. Poland has almost 20 years of experience in utilising offset. The aim of this paper is to present the legal determinants of Polish offset after joining the European Union as well as indicate a change of offset`s goals from purely economic into newly defined ones – i.e. protecting essential security interests.
PL
Człowiek współczesny, uformowany w kręgu pisma i druku, nie myśli o słowach w kategoriach zdarzeń. Słowa przypominają mu raczej rzeczy, które nie są działaniem, są czymś martwym. Inaczej jest w tradycyjnej kulturze ustnej, w której słowo ma zdolność dokonywania zmian w świecie, jest słowem działającym, słowem sprawczym. Taki status ma słowo w zamówieniu. W tekście magicznym jest ono nie tyle odpowiednikiem myśli, co sposobem działania, zdarzeniem.
EN
Contemporary humans, conditioned by the omnipresence of writing and print, do not conceive of words in terms of events. Rather, words are seen as inanimate objects. It is different, though, in the traditional speech-based culture, in which a word, as an acting agent, can effect changes in the world. Such is the status of a word in magic spells. In texts of magic, a word is not a correlative of an idea but a way of acting, an event.
EN
The purpose of the article is to carry out analyses of how Poland-based enterprises from the non-financial sector employing at least 10 employees make use of information technologies and how this use has changed if compared with the period 2008-2010. The comparison is done against the background of firms from the European Union, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland. In the introduction, the author puts forward a hypothesis – which is verified further In the article, thanks to the analysis of statistical data concerning the chosen countries. In that part, the choice of countries has also been justified. Next, the definitions of the analysed phenomena are cited. Further on, the research methods are shown, along with the specification and justification of the choice of research instruments and the time-span of the analysis. The largest part of the study is devoted the analysis of the chosen indicators concerning purchases and sales in enterprises. After describing each of them, the research results are shown. The findings are revealed in the conclusion.
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