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EN
The paper presents an overview of experimental research on the role of grammatical and lexical aspect on the construction of situation models. The first part of the paper is concerned with terminological issues. The second part discusses the advantages of experimental methods in aspectual research. The third part presents selected research in the field. It is shown that most studies actually use incorrect terminology and that the distinction between progressive and non-progressive (or perfect) is incorrectly labelled as the distinction between imperfective and perfective. The paper argues that this should not be a reason to discount these studies and that it would be fruitful to include Czech language in the experimental research of aspect, since the Czech aspectual system could potentially enhance our understanding of the construction of situation models in language comprehension as such.
EN
The present case study deals with the functions of the Czech verbal prefix po-. Three functions of the prefix are analysed by contrasting the existing theoretical descriptions with corpus data. In its primary, word-formational function, po- modifies the meaning of the base verb (expressing one of the semantic features described as Aktionsart or other meanings; e.g. kreslit ‘to draw’ > pokreslit ‘to cover with drawings’). In its second function, po- derives perfective counterparts from the imperfective verb; here, the prefix is considered to be a grammatical means used for the formation of aspectual pairs of verbs (cf. kárat ‘to admonish.impf’ > pokárat ‘to admonish.pf’). The third function of po- is manifested in the class of determinate verbs; it is a part of the morphological form of these verbs in their (imperfective) future meaning (e.g. běžet ‘to run’ – poběží ‘(he) will run’). A group of verbs suspected of exhibiting similar behaviour as the pure determinate verbs is analysed and attested using the corpus data. Finally, the competition between the prefix po- and several tens of prefixes in Czech verbs is commented upon and the position of the prefixed verbs within word-formation nests is sketched.
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