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EN
The goal that is set before science concerns the truth, a. o. about the reality surrounding man. Developed since the 1970s, critical realism, which is one of the programs of the philosophy of science, postulates presenting the world as it is, putting emphasis in social sciences on the study of the relationships between human activity and social structures. This article in the first part characterizes the achievements of two major figures of contemporary critical realism, important for world of sociology, i.e. Margaret S. Archer and Roya Bhaskara, focusing on their views that influenced some Polish scientists who opposed not only positivism and ‘ian inspiration, but also a postmodern and interpretive version of the humanities. The second part of the article relates to Polish scientists developing critical realism in the field of sociology and characterizes the scientific activity of two academic centers in Poland that promote this trend.
PL
Cel, który stawiany jest przed nauką, dotyczy prawdy m.in. o rzeczywistości otaczającej człowieka. Rozwijany od lat siedemdziesiątych XX wieku realizm krytyczny, będący jednym z programów filozofii nauki, postuluje przedstawianie świata takim jakim jest, kładąc akcent w naukach społecznych na badanie związków, jakie zachodzą pomiędzy działaniem człowieka a strukturami społecznymi. Niniejszy artykuł w pierwszej części przedstawia dorobek dwóch głównych postaci współczesnego realizmu krytycznego, ważnych dla socjologii światowej, tj. Margaret S. Archer i Roya Bhaskara, ukazuje ich poglądy, które wywarły wpływ na niektórych polskich naukowców sprzeciwiających się nie tylko pozytywizmowi i humeowskiej inspiracji, ale także postmodernistycznej i interpretatywnej wersji humanistyki. Druga część artykułu nawiązuje do poglądów polskich naukowców rozwijających realizm krytyczny na gruncie socjologii i charakteryzuje działalność naukową dwóch ośrodków akademickich w Polsce propagujących ów nurt.
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
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2005
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vol. 33
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issue 2
113-133
EN
The school as having, after the home, the second largest impact on children and teenagers is an area of education which is becoming particularly crucial and difficult these days. The educational environment is a system of conditions which exert influence on the process and results of education. John Bosco, the founder of Salesian Society, bearing in mind the future of a young person fulfilled and carried into effect an essential educational system known also as preventive. In the hopelessness and disarray of today's world a young person needs ideas, timeless thought, as the source of resort and support which would never fail and would be found helpful in various moments in life. Wholeperson development of an individual is the most essential objective of education. In Polish conditions a Salesian school also applies the preventive system to the spirit of the time, modifying its methods according to the surroundings. The relation between the family and the school is based on reciprocal trust, in particular parents' trust who freely choose the educational project of the Catholic school. School is an essential place for a young person. Regardless of the fact that going to school is according to the adolescent's will or against it, it is indispensable in one's development. Salesian school supports the family by emphasizing its fundamental role and relation with culture and family traditions.
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