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One Literacy and Multiple Intelligences? The Case of Media Literacy

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Belvončíková E., Čiderová D.

Media Literacy and Academic Research

2022

vol. 5

issue 2

54-70

Acceleration of globalisation and the Fourth Industrial Revolution expanded opportunities for intercultural interaction, facilitated by more accessible and affordable information and communication technologies (ICT). Media literacy as framed by UNESCO is to be interpreted as “[u]nderstanding and using mass media in either an assertive or non-assertive way, including an informed and critical understanding of media, the techniques they employ and their effects. Also the ability to read, analyse, evaluate and produce communication in a variety of media forms” (alias “the ability to decode, analyse, evaluate and produce communication in a variety of forms”). Furthermore, media and information literacy “refers to the essential competencies (knowledge, skills and attitude) that allow citizens to engage with media and other information”. Dynamic developments in the contemporary world brought about by the post-factual era and the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the exposure of the public to misinterpretation. Being conscious of variable and increasingly multidimensional presentation in academic literature of what it takes to be literate, in our paper we reflect on media literacy alias a synergy of literacy and multiple intelligences. Since on 12 April 2022 UNESCO launched a global survey “Learning from the COVID-19 crisis to write the future: National policies and programmes for youth and adult literacy” addressed to all 193 UNESCO Member States to fill in the gap and collect information on the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on youth and adult literacy, our online questionnaire is complementary in terms of scope (media literacy) and outreach (higher education students). The aim of this paper is to investigate awareness, understanding and interpretation of literacy as such, and media literacy in particular, within the cohort of native and international students at the University of Economics in Bratislava, Slovakia. The findings revealed a higher ratio of the general understanding of communication and its role in the society, but a lower ratio of awareness about literacy and media literacy. In the context of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives our main suggestion, therefore, is to reinforce the media literacy curriculum in terms of experiential learning in line with the so-called learner-centred approach to education when the needs/aspirations of individuals are placed at the centre and focus is on the experiences they bring to the learning situation.

Media Literacy In Higher Education: “Know-Where” and “Know-Whether”... Know-Why to Know Better?

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Čiderová D., Belvončíková E.

Media Literacy and Academic Research

2024

vol. 7

issue 1

26-50

With the objectives of the Grünwald Declaration (1983), the Alexandria Proclamation (2006), the UNESCO Paris Agenda (2007) and the concept of media literacy (alias understanding and using mass media in either an assertive or non-assertive way, including an informed and critical understanding of media, the techniques they employ and their effects) on mind, it goes without saying that any communication takes place in a certain context (set of facts and circumstances surrounding a media text for the purpose of its interpretation as defined by Wilson et al., 2011, p. 182). Having media literacy on mind, “know-where” to search for information and “knowwhether” such researched information identifies facts imply in our understanding media and literacy, respectively. Then, know-why corresponds with our perception of the context (Wilson, 2011), and know better conveys “to know or understand the truth about something” (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). The perspective of Haider & Sundin (2022) is the one that the purpose of information literacy is to support people’s knowledge, competencies and resources for their proficient engagement with information (incl. finding, evaluating, producing, and communicating situated information in contextappropriate ways). On the one hand, literacy is a conceptual entity in the context of educational sciences; on the other hand, information literacy (just like media literacy) merely specifies media or information, data, digital, or artificial intelligence (AI) as an entity for literacy to latch onto. In the global survey – addressed to UNESCO networks of Associated Schools and university Chairs in May 2023 slightly over one-tenth of 450 institutions (of which 44% were from Europe) confirmed that they have developed institutional policies and/or formal guidance concerning the use of generative AI applications. Curriculum delivery at higher education institutions adheres to Bloom’s taxonomy (Bloom, 1956), which can be applied in two alternative modes: the traditional approach or the flipped approach, in a variety of cultural backgrounds. The aim of our paper is to map the awareness of media (and information) literacy among higher education students at the University of Economics in Bratislava with instruction either in the Slovak language or in the English language. Findings reveal gaps in recognition of sponsored content just like relatively low awareness of generally respected fact-checking online sites with remarkable discrepancies between the cohort studying in the Slovak language and the cohort studying in the English language.

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2 Media Literacy and Academic Research

2 Belvončíková E.

2 Čiderová D.

1 2024

1 2022

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One Literacy and Multiple Intelligences? The Case of Media Literacy

Media Literacy In Higher Education: “Know-Where” and “Know-Whether”... Know-Why to Know Better?