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Czy w strefie euro występuje jeszcze kryzys?

100%
Kalka P.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2017
|
issue 2(363)
311-328
EN
The object of the analysis presented in the article is the crisis that has been taking place in the euro area member states. The author specifies the factors that have enabled particular countries to overcome the crisis and concludes that the country which has managed to cope with the crisis to the largest extent is Ireland. However, maintenance of the changes introduced in response to the crisis and continuance of reforms of the euro area are necessary to ascertain a further success of the actions taken so far.
2
Content available remote

Innowacyjność gospodarki RFN na tle porównawczym

100%
Kalka P.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2016
|
issue 3(360)
63-77
EN
The article has two aims. The first is to evaluate the innovativeness of the German economy and the second consists in analyzing innovative weaknesses of this economy. The author comes to the conclusion that German economy is stronger in respect of innovativeness than other big European economies (economies of France, Great Britain, Italy and Spain). He explains the complex causes of this phenomenon and shows some innovative weaknesses of the German economy as well. In his opinion they will not be eliminated even in the long term scale.
3
Content available remote

Innowacyjność gospodarki polskiej na tle gospodarek krajów Unii Europejskiej

100%
Kalka P.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2015
|
issue 1(354)
209-224
EN
The author compares the innovativeness of Polish economy with the economies of the EU countries. He characterizes the reforms of Polish science and their effects, and also reflects on the conditions that need to be met in order to improve the inn ovativeness of Poland’s economy. In the comparative analysis three groups of indexes are used: factors enabling innovations, criteria of innovative actions implemented by companies and criteria of the effects of such innovative actions. From the analysis it follows that a majority of those indexes are much lower in Poland than the mean for the European Union. The article presents not only the state of innovativeness of Polish economy but also the various circumstances that condition it. The author expresses the opinion that the reforms of Polish science have already brought some positive consequences such as progressing reduction of multiple full-time employment and the development of scientific- industrial centres. He also describes a whole range of fact ors that determine the progress of innovativeness of Polish economy. He considers a large increase of overall expenditure on R&D.
4

Prawne, kulturowe i etyczne aspekty eksponowania szczątków ludzkich w muzeach

100%
Kalka P.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2023
|
vol. Tom XXXII
7–38
EN
The issue of exhibiting human remains in museums is increasingly becoming the subject of considerations on the legal, ethical and practical side of this matter. Museums where human remains are most often exhibited are archaeological and ethnographic museums, as well as museums of medicine and anatomy. From a legal point of view, different countries around the world have different regulations regarding the status of human remains. Despite the differences, the regulations most often protect the subjectivity of human corpses, and their deliberate desecration or profanation is subject to legal sanctions. Also in the museology specialist community, the question is raised more and more often whether displaying human remains at exhibitions is a proper practice. This applies to both remains obtained as a result of archaeological excavations and ethnographic research. In many countries (USA, Canada, Australia, Great Britain, Sweden, etc.), legal regulations are being developed obliging museum institutions storing remains to repatriate them to representatives of indigenous peoples living in given countries (e.g. Native Americans, Indigenous inhabitants of Australia, Sámi people, etc.). The situation is slightly different when it comes to exhibiting human remains obtained from prehistoric sites, which are difficult to identify with a specific contemporary people or tribe. But also in these cases, decisions are sometimes made to resign from the exhibition, and even reburial. It seems that the institutional practice of museums is evolving towards limiting or even completely abandoning the display of human remains in favour of presenting a digital copy, i.e. a representation of the data of the remains, either in the form of photogrammetric photos, a digital scan, or a three-dimensional hologram. Regardless of the approach to this difficult issue, the most important task faced by the community of both researchers who obtain human remains as a result of their work, and museum specialists, is to find such forms of expression and presentation of the obtained remains that the exhibitions prepared are in line with the principles of ethics and respect for the dignity of death.
5

Zabytki z okresu wpływów rzymskich odkryte podczas badań archeologicznych na Westerplatte

63%
Kalka P., Romanowski A.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2024
|
vol. Tom XXXIII
25–40
EN
Comprehensive excavation research on Westerplatte has been conducted since 2016 by archaeologists from the Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk. During ten stages of work, an area with a total surface of over 7.500 m² was examined, delivering over 80 thousand different types of artefacts, which are evidence of human activity from the beginnings of the formation of Westerplatte in the mid-17th century until the mid-20th century. A large part of this collection are objects related to the functioning of the Military Transit Depot, including primarily its heroic defence in September 1939. Among the discovered artefacts, however, there are also much older ones, and among them those from the Roman influence period. The materials dated in this way include two bronze coins and two fragments of pottery vessels. The first of the coins (IP. 689/2017) was identified as type AE3, Constantine I, Constantine II, or Constantius II, from the years 330-341 AD; the second coin (IP. 13/2017) is AE3, Valens, dated to the period between August 24 of 367 AD and November 17 of 375 AD. The pottery fragment (IP. 1576/2019) is the upper part of a vessel with a fully preserved handle. Morphological and technological features allow the described fragment to be classified as part of a vase from group IV, type B or C, according to the typology of pottery vessels of the Wielbark culture by R. Wołągiewicz. The second of the discovered fragments (IP. 480/2024) should also be considered part of a group IV vase, most likely type A. Group IV vases are dated to phases from B2 to C1b/C2. Due to the fact that Westerplatte was formed only in the mid-17th century, the described artefacts must have found their way to the peninsula as a result of post-depositional processes. They probably ended up on Westerplatte with soil brought to the peninsula to strengthen its structure, or they come from dredging the bottom of the port canal between Westerplatte and Nowy Port, which was carried out systematically since the first half of the 18th century. Regardless of the way in which the described artefacts ended up on Westerplatte, they most likely came from an unidentified Wielbark culture site located not far from the peninsula.
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