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EN
This article concerns the culinary vocabulary of the Northern Borderlands. The subject matter of the discussions is phrasemes limited to the ones that are common to the language communities mixing in the territory of Lithuania for a long time: Lithuanians, Belarusians, Poles, and Russians. The language material comes from the Vilnius press of the period 1960–1979 and book publications printed in Soviet Lithuania in 1949–1985. It was selected from among around 120 multi-word culinary units of the Northern Borderlands according to one formula: namely, a phraseme used in the same meaning and form in Lithuanian Polish, in Russian, Belarusian, and Lithuanian.
Język Polski
|
2015
|
vol. 95
|
issue 5
433-445
PL
Artykuł dotyczy frazemów w starannej odmianie polszczyzny wileńskiej, które są zapożyczeniami z języków wschodniosłowiańskich (rosyjskiego lub białoruskiego). Autor czerpie materiał z książek drukowanych na Litwie w latach 1951−1985 (m.in. z podręczników, poradników medycznych, zbiorków sztuk i opowiadań o tematyce obyczajowej, poradników metodycznych oraz pozycji o tematyce rolniczej). Frazemy grupuje w obszary tematyczne, co pozwala pokazać te dziedziny życia litewskich Polaków, w których ponadleksemowe pożyczki były szczególnie rozpowszechnione, oraz te, w których występowały sporadycznie.
EN
The article deals with the phrasemes in the standard variety of Vilnius Polish borrowed from Eastern Slavonic languages (Russian or Byelorussian). The author takes the material from books published in Lithuania between 1951 and 1985 (in particular textbooks, medical reference books, collections of plays and stories of manners, methodical reference books and items on agriculture). Phrasemes are classified thematically to present the life areas of Lithuanian Poles where superlexeme borrowings were particularly spread as well as those where they occurred sporadically.
EN
The paper points to the intensive advancement of research on multi-word language units, that is phrasemes, which has prevailed for a few decades now and is currently supported by text digitalisation and development of corpus linguistics. However, the noticeable interest in phrasematics among researchers does not involve the north borderland Polish language. The authors of studies of the vocabulary coming from the north-east borderland either fail to mention phrasemes at all or record scarce and, apparently, random multi-word wholes or, at best, dedicate blatantly small chapters to multiword units (in comparison to chapters devoted to the discussion of single words). The lack of extensive records of the north borderland (both historical and contemporary) phrasematics prevents the presentation of a fully satisfying description of the north borderland phrasemes. The authors of this paper presented the problem on the example of the word wholes indicated in the title and realised in north borderland texts, such as e.g. in the form im mniej, the general Polish equivalent of which is jak najmniej (as little as possible), cf. Z nią trzeba im mniej mieć do czynienia and the general Polish version Z nią trzeba jak najmniej mieć do czynienia (You should have as little to do with her as possible), and indicated them to be lithuanisms. Interestingly, however, the phrasemes (36) have occurred in one monthly only over 20 years and the authors are not aware of any other source to acknowledge them. They are also absent from the fi les containing a few thousand north borderland multiword units the authors have at their disposal.
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