The paper describes the activities undertaken by three organisations of cultural-educational character from the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries to the outbreak of the World War II, namely Towarzystwo Czytelni Ludowych [People’s Libraries Society] (the Prussian Partition), Towarzystwo Szkoły Ludowej [The Folk School Association] (the Austrian Partition), and Polska Macierz Szkolna [The Polish Educational Society] (the Russian Partition). The author presents, inter alia, the scopes of their activities, effectiveness, mode of financing, budget, and personnel.
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