The article renders the heretofore poorly studied actions of the German national-socialist, occupant authorities between 1940 and 1941 targeted at the Cracow’s painter Józef Mehoffer, whose roots were German-Austrian, and his wife. The analysis of German documents collected in the Archive the New Files in Warsaw has clarified many aspects of the life of this well-known Polish painter. Previously much of this was incorrect, and the documents significantly contributed to the part of his biography during the occupation.
Artykuł zawiera przegląd periodyków wydawanych dla Niemców galicyjskich w Stanisławowie i Lwowie w pierwszej połowie XX w. Omawiane tytuły odzwierciedlają zróżnicowanie kulturalne, socjalne i wyznaniowe Niemców będących potomkami kolonistów osiedlonych pod koniec XVIII w. w zaborze austriackim, czyli w Galicji. Kres wydawania tej prasy, jak i istnienia tej małej społeczności w Polsce południowej przyniósł atak Niemiec na Polskę w 1939 r. i wcielenie Galicji Wschodniej do Związku Radzieckiego.
EN
This article presents an overview of German-language periodicals published in Stanisławów and Lwów in the first half of the 20th century. They reflect the cultural, social and religious diversity of the local German com- munity, for the most part descendants of migrants who came to Galicia after it was incorporated into the Aus- trian Empire at the end of the 18th century. The history of those publications and of the local German-speaking community came to end after the German attack on Poland in 1939 and the incorporation of eastern Galicia into the Soviet Union.
One of the first tasks of the German occupation authorities after taking over Poland was to identify and assign Polish citizens of German stock to a special ethnic category called Volksdeutsch. The aim of this article is to describe how this process played out in Cracow and its environs in the first years of the German occupation. There were some villages inhabited by people of German origin who used an archaic dialect of German, but nonetheless refused to register as Volksdeutsche. Others became a Volksdeutsch, because of the material and social advantages that designation brought with it, but whose German heritage was highly doubtful. The article also discusses the tensions and conflicts between the Reichsdeutsche, or the civilian Germans from the German Reich who settled in Cracow and were onsidered first-class citizens, and Volksdeutsche, who were treated as the second-class citizens.
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