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PL
Image of God in young catholicsThe aim of the cognitive-developmental study has been to determine features of the image of God and indications of the relationship with God formed by adolescents. The definition of the image of God adopted in this paper has three aspects: (1) knowledge about God, (2) emotional experiences of God, and (3) behavioral tendencies towards God. It should be noted that the image of God is formed by imagination to a considerable degree, as we shape our mental representation of God on the basis of imagination. In the study, 114 adolescent Catholics were tested with the projection drawing “My God and I”. The position, shape, size, colors and the way of drawing the figure or symbol of God belong to the formal part of the analysis, while the meanings ascribed to the figure or symbol of God, i.e. the semantics of the representation, constitute the aspect of content. The results of the study have helped to isolate the dimensions of form and content in the image of God and to present their different categorizations.
EN
Broca's aphasia is still a relatively poorly understood phenomenon. The Trace Deletion Hypothesis is one of the attempts made to explain linguistically comprehension deficits observable in this disorder. The article presents the main assumptions, claims and consequences of this hypothesis, as well as criticisms it has raised in the literature. This hypothesis offers an opportunity for shedding more light on the issue of agrammatism in Broca's aphasia, and also for improving our understanding of the phenomenon of aphasia as such and, consequently, our understanding of language processing in the human mind.
PL
Przedmiotem analiz są wyniki badań dotyczących uczuć religijnych dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym, otrzymane bezpośrednio (z wypowiedzi dzieci) oraz pośrednio (z wypowiedzi ich matek). Zbadano 90 dzieci w wieku 4, 5 i 6 lat za pomocą metody obrazkowej oraz przeprowadzono wywiad z ich matkami. Przedstawiono analizę rozwoju treściowej reprezentacji w zakresie uczuć religijnych u dzieci, a następnie porównano dane uzyskane od dzieci i ich matek, biorąc pod uwagę treść oraz sposób ekspresji opisywanych uczuć. Omówiono relacje w obrębie uczuć pozytywnych i negatywnych, natomiast pogłębionej analizie statystycznej poddano uczucia negatywne. Stwierdzono, że na poziomie prawidłowości globalnych obydwa źródła danych o uczuciach religijnych dzieci wykazują bardzo zbliżoną jakość. Natomiast analiza szczegółowa ujawnia różnice o zasięgu lokalnym, przy czym otrzymane wyniki nie zaprzeczają sobie, ale wzajemnie się uzupełniają.
EN
The study concerns religious feelings in preschool children as reported by the children and by their mothers. 90 children at the ages 4, 5 and 6 were studied by means of a picture method and interviews with their mothers were carried out. The paper includes a contents analysis of the representations of religious feelings in children as well as a comparison of the data from children and their mothers with the focus on both the contents and the way of expressing the feelings reported. The relationships between positive and negative feelings are discussed and more detailed statistical analysis was applied to negative feelings. It was found that on the level of general tendencies the both sources of reports concerning children’s religious feelings showed similar quality. A more detailed analysis discovered certain minor differences, however, the data from the two sources were complementary rather than contradictory.
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