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Fenomen kobiecości w wyobraźni poetyckiej Bolesława Leśmiana na tle europejskiej refleksji antropologicznej

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Karwowska M.
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka
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2009
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issue 16
51-62
EN
In the early decades of the twentieth century the misogynist philosophical conceptions proposed by Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Weininger exerted a particular influence upon the image of woman. In the literary output of Leśmian this phenomenon takes on the form decidedly divergent from the patterns prevalent at the time manifesting in the typical features of archetypal and mythical figures. In the construction of his literary lovers, Leśmian makes references to ritual symbolism. His almost hieratic female figures, notionally available to woman, guide the way in a possible passage between the beyond (spiritual world) and the world of mortals. The poet accentuates the analogies between the sacredness of woman and the sacrum of Tellus Mater and adopts the at- titude of a neophyte who endows women with the power of initiation into the mystery of regeneration. The notional female figures created by Leśmian, with the typical for the poet positive and exhilarating valorization of woman’s body, have the power of euphemising thanatical fears and anxiety. Leśmian treats the corporeal nature of woman as hierophany: a female, revealing the sacral character of the universe, forms and contributes to its spiritual order. Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Weininger demythologize the phenomenon of femininity, Leśmian remythologizes it back again.
2
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The Schizomorphism of the world of visions in Bruno Schulz’s prose

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Karwowska M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2017
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vol. 44
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issue 6
5-22
EN
In the article, I undertake to interpret Bruno Schulz’s prose using the methodological proposals introduced in the humanities by Gilbert Durand, a French anthropologist of imagination. Based on the implemented research perspective, the aim of the hermeneutics of The Street of Crocodiles and Sanatorium Under the Sign of the Hourglass was to unveil and discuss the imagined figures which form the anthropological network of meanings. The purpose of the array of anthropological and myth-criticism research tools used for analysing and interpreting the literary works which constitute the core of Polish literature was to define the author as an imagination phenomenon that seems to fill a research gap visible in Polish Schulz studies.
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„Coś go spętało i zmroczyło… nie może grać…”. Repartycja mityczna w dramatach mimicznych Bolesława Leśmiana

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Karwowska M.
Prace Polonistyczne
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2014
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vol. 69
103-115
EN
In this article texts of Bolesław Leśmian dramas entitled: Pierrot i Kolombina and Skrzypek Opętany have been analysed. The main objects of this article are as follows: problem of writer’s block and his efforts in overcoming this crisis. Interpretation of Leśman’s dramas is methodologically refer to anthropological theory proposed in Gilbert Durand literary studies. Symbolic mining, hidden in mentioned texts, have been taken under mythocritical interpretation. Additionally the following aspects were discussed: artistic palingenesis of archaic myths, valorisation of setting typical for mysteries of regeneration and literary actualisation of ritual scenario.
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TRANSPOZYCJA STRUKTUR MITYCZNYCH W DOLINIE ISSY CZESŁAWA MIŁOSZA

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Karwowska M.
Prace Polonistyczne
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2019
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vol. 74
53-69
EN
The author reads Czesław Miłosz’s novel The Issa Valley through the prism of myth criticism, which was introduced to the humanities by Gilbert Durand. In particular, she focuses on the palingenesis of literary mythemes and the transposition of myth cal structures which can be found in various aspects of the text, including the novel’s chronotope and character construction. Moreover, The Issa Valley features processed paradigms of mythical time, mythical models of space, and individual mythemes transformed by Miłosz’s imaginary. The writer semantically inverts or demythologizes the myths of Tellus Mater, Pammetor Ge, and Arcadia, the mythologem of childhood, and the mythologem of family home, which have been deeply rooted in tradition. Miłosz addresses the given problem in an antithetical manner. He avoids simple answers. Instead, he poses questions, and thus opens the text to the individual hermeneutics of symbolic paths. Miłosz perceived the imaginary that has symbolic and mythical foundations as endowed with redemptive potential. In myth criticism, the symbolic modelling that takes place in the artistic imaginary is closely connected with the therapeutic role of an image. It helps an individual regain the state of internal balance which Gilbert Durand defines as anthropological balance. And, as Ernst Cassirer posits, this balance is a manifestation of human symbolic intelligence.
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Autonarracyjne marzenia pamięci — o pismach antropologicznych Gastona Bachelarda

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Karwowska M.
Prace Polonistyczne
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2013
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vol. 68
177-188
EN
The paper is devoted to anthropological writings of Frenchman Gaston Bachelard (1884–1962), an initiator of European research on creative imagination. The following publications are discussed: La psychanalyse du feu (1938); L’eau et les rêves (1942); L’air et les songes (1943); La terre et les rêveries de la volonté (1948); La terre et les rêveries du repos (1948); La poétique de l’espace (1957); La poétique de la rêverie (1960); La flamme d’une chandelle (1961), read in the palimpsest manner, as a semantically multi-layered text. The adoption of this perspective has enabled the finding of an extensive personal document under the surface layer of scientific discourse as Bachelard uses two plans of presentation in his anthropological writings. The first one, written in the scientific style, in the form of the discourse of ‘a meditating philosopher’, is a presentation of Bachelard’s conceptual system which paved the way for phenomena known in the humanities as: ‘new anthropology’, ‘post-Bachelardism’ or ‘Durandism’. The second presentation plan is part of the autobiographic trend, known in literary studies as the journal intime, and the researcher’s story becomes autonarration.
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Od Redakcji

100%
Karwowska M.
Prace Polonistyczne
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2019
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vol. 74
9-9
EN
-
PL
Siedemdziesiąty czwarty rocznik „Prac Polonistycznych” stanowi realizację międzynarodowego projektu skupionego wokół hasła: Literatura polska XX wieku w świetle mitoanalizy. Celem projektu jest włączenie się w światowy nurt badań współczesnej humanistyki poprzez rozwijanie polskich badań antropologicznych nad tekstem literackim w zakresie mitoanalizy. Termin ten wprowadził do dyskursu humanistycznego Gilbert Durand, francuski antropolog wyobraźni, założyciel słynnego Ośrodka Badań nad Wyobraźnią Twórczą (Centre de Recherche sur l’Imaginaire) na Uniwersytecie w Grenoble. Mitoanaliza to wyjątkowo rzadko stosowana w obrębie badań polonistycznych metoda hermeneutyki tekstu. Rewitalizując mit w badaniach humanistycznych, usiłuje ona „rozpoznać wielkie, przewodnie siły, właściwe dziejowym momentom” (G. Durand) poprzez badanie obecności i sensu symbolicznego figur mitycznych właściwych dla danej epoki, często jednak w społeczeństwie utajonych lub rozproszonych w tekstach kultury. Przedmiot zainteresowania uczestników projektu stanowi zagadnienie repartycji mitemów w dwudziestowiecznej literaturze polskiej, a sama literatura odczytywana jest jako obszar palingenezy mitu. Chcieliśmy, w gronie polonistów, slawistów i komparatystów, poddać mitoanalizie polską literaturę współczesną, wydobyć te mitemy, które ciągle – pomimo upływu czasu – ożywiają wyobraźnię twórców. Istotne wydawało się też pytanie: czy współczesna palingeneza określonych mitów to jedynie świadectwo, zauważonej przez Duranda, antropologicznej ponadkulturowej jedności wyobraźni twórczej, czy też sens symboliczny uniwersalnych figur mitycznych, odradzających się w literaturze polskiej, należy odczytywać raczej jako specyficznie polską narrację tożsamościową – a może jako próbę tworzenia nowych mitów narodowych? W tomie opublikowane zostały rozprawy naukowe z dziedziny mitoanalizy poświęcone dwudziestowiecznej, głównie współczesnej, literaturze polskiej oraz teksty podejmujące zagadnienia nowoczesnych teorii mitu. Marzena Karwowska
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Reinterpretacja mitycznej figury Atlasa w antropologii Gastona Bachelarda

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Karwowska M.
Prace Polonistyczne
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2023
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vol. 78
63-76
EN
Gaston Bachelard (1884–1962), a French anthropologist of the imagination, seems to be somewhat forgotten and significantly underresearched in Polish literary studies, even though his major works on poetic imagination – La Psychanalyse du feu (1938), L’Eau et les reves (1942), L’Air et les songes (1943), La Terre et les reveries de la volonté (1947), La Terre et les reveries du repos (1948), La Poétique de l’espace (1957), La Poétique de la reverie (1960), and La Flamme d’une chandelle (1961) – have exerted a major impact on the perception of the literary text. Not only did Bachelard propose a new poetics (the poetics of the elements), but he also redefined the category of the author and introduced the following concepts to the humanities: the Dreaming Cogito (or the Dreamer’s Cogito), which describes a creative subjectivity, and dreamy consciousness (Fr. conscience reveuse), or, in other words, poetic imagination. Bachelard’s poetics of the elements is founded upon his notion of symbols-images, which include principal images (Fr. imago princeps), imaginative compounds that organize the Dreamer’s Cogito. The article discusses the theoretical concepts that Bachelard explains in his monograph on the Earth element, entitled La Terre et les reveries de la volonté. Essais sur les imagination de la matiere (Corti, Paris 1947). Karwowska focuses on the reinterpretation of the mythical figure of Atlas. It is examined in the context of the imaginary relationship between anthropos and kosmos, which serves as the thematic core of Bachelard’s anthropology. Following Bachelard, Karwowska interprets the mythical Atlas as an archetypal image that can be expressed on the level of langage. What serves as its main feature is redundancy which remains open to various interpretative contexts. Bachelard’s work on myth in literary studies was most fully developed by myth-criticism. Scholars who research this field, similarly to Bachelard, investigate the human mundus imaginalis. They look for semantic basins (imaginary chreods), formed around a common meaning, the dominant myth. The article attempts to reconstruct the images generated by the Dreamer’s Cogito, which are the imagination’s response to the human encounter with material nature. It examines the mythical figure of Atlas against the wide spectrum of Bachelard’s figures of the imagination (the Antaeus complex, the Pluto-Proserpine complex, the mythical figure of Vulcan, the muscular anthropos, crystal imagination). Bachelard thoroughly investigates how humans use their imagination to colonize nature, studies the mechanisms of imagination that function on the level of the relationship between anthropos and kosmos, and finds universal anthropological antagonistic strategies of fight and domination in the human relationship with matter.
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The transposition of mythical structures in "The Issa Valley" by Czesław Miłosz

100%
Karwowska M.
Prace Polonistyczne
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2023
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vol. 78
193-209
EN
The article interprets Czesław Miłosz’s novel The Issa Valley through the prism of mythcriticism, which was introduced to the humanities by Gilbert Durand. In particular, it focuses on the palingenesis of literary mythemes and the transposition of mythical structures that can be found in various aspects of the text, including the chronotope of the novel and the construction of its characters. Moreover, The Issa Valley features mythical models of space as well as paradigms of mythical time and individual mythemes transformed by Miłosz’s artistic imagination. The author of The Issa Valley semantically inverts and demythologizes the myths of Tellus Mater, Pammetor Ge, and the Arcadia, the mythologem of childhood, and the mythologem of family home, which are all deeply rooted in tradition. Miłosz addresses each problem in an antithetical manner, avoiding simple answers. Instead, he poses questions and thus opens the text to the individual hermeneutics of symbolic tropes. Miłosz perceived the imaginary that has symbolic and mythical foundations as endowed with a redemptive potential. In myth-criticism, the symbolic modelling that takes place in the artistic imagination is closely connected with the therapeutic role of an image. It helps restore internal balance which Gilbert Durand defines as anthropological balance. And, as Ernst Cassirer posits, this balance is a manifestation of human symbolic intelligence.  
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